Mindat Logo
Home Page Log In Message Board The Mindat Directory
Register Search Pages Chat Now! (10 online) Mindat Auctions

Anorthite

Big Photo

Ettringer Bellerberg Mt., Ettringen, Mayen, Eifel Mts, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Anorthite Photos (16)
Formula:
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
System:TriclinicColour:Colourless, reddish ...
Hardness:6 - 6½
Name:From the Greek for oblique, for being triclinic.
Dimorph of:Svyatoslavite


Feldspar Group.

Ca-rich end member of the Albite-Anorthite Series.

High and low temperature structural modifications exist.

Classification of Anorthite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/J.07-70
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.FA.35

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
F : Tektosilicates without zeolitic H2O
A : Tektosilicates without additional non-tetrahedral anions
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.9.2

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
9 : Aluminosilicates of Ca
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-246.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Type Occurrence of Anorthite

Type Locality:Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy
Year of Discovery:1823

Occurrences of Anorthite

Geological Setting:Mafic plutonic rocks

Physical Properties of Anorthite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Colourless, reddish grey, white
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 6½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {001}, less so on {010}, imperfect on {110}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density (measured):2.74 - 2.76 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.76 g/cm3

Crystallography of Anorthite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:P1
Cell Parameters:a = 8.1768Å, b = 12.8768Å, c = 14.169Å
α = 93.17°, β = 115.85°, γ = 92.22°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.635 : 1 : 1.1
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,337.25 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:Commonly short, prismatic, lamellar, coarse granular, massive
Twinning:Commonly polysynthetic on albite law, pericline, carlsbad, manebach and baveno.
Comment:Low modification
Crystal Atlas:
Image Loading
Click on an icon to view
Anorthite no.89 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Anorthite no.126 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

About Crystal Atlas

You may need to scroll this box using your mouse to view the full instructions.

The mindat.org Crystal Atlas allows you to view a selection of crystal drawings of real and idealised crystal forms for this mineral and, in certain cases, 3d rotating crystal objects. You need Java to see these. You can download Java for free - click here to download Java

The 3d models and java code are kindly provided by www.smorf.nl. You can control the movement of the models by holding down the left mouse-button over the 3d model and moving your mouse. Keyboard controls are:

: default positions
t/T: decrease/increase transparency x/X: next/previous texture
b/B: next/previous background w: toggle wireframe
s: toggle sticks m: toggle miller indices
k: toggle crystallographic axes =/-: zoom in/out
r: stop/start rotation 1/2/3


Note: You will not be able to switch between different crystal models using the Opera 8.5x web browser due to a bug in Opera - you need to use either Firefox or Internet Explorer 6/7 or Opera 9.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Anorthite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.573 - 1.577 nβ = 1.580 - 1.585 nγ = 1.585 - 1.590
2V:Measured: 78° to 83°, Calculated: 78°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.012 - 0.013

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r < v weak

Chemical Properties of Anorthite

Formula:
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
Essential elements:Al, Ca, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, Ca, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Fe,Na,K

Relationship of Anorthite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Albite (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
9.FA.IMA2007-049
NaAlSi
 
3
O
 
8
9.FA.05Kaliophilite
K[AlSiO
 
4
]
9.FA.05Kalsilite
K[AlSiO
 
4
]
9.FA.05Nepheline
(Na,K)[AlSiO
 
4
]
9.FA.05Panunzite
(Na,K)[AlSiO
 
4
]
9.FA.05Trikalsilite
(Na,K)[AlSiO
 
4
]
9.FA.05Yoshiokaite
(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)O
 
4
]
9.FA.05Megakalsilite
KAlSiO
 
4
9.FA.10Malinkoite
NaBSiO
 
4
9.FA.15Virgilite
LiAlSi
 
2
O
 
6
9.FA.25Lisitsynite
KBSi
 
2
O
 
6
9.FA.30Adularia
KAlSi
 
3
O
 
8
9.FA.30Anorthoclase
(Na,K)[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Buddingtonite
(NH
 
4
)[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Celsian
Ba[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Hyalophane
(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Microcline
K[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Orthoclase
K[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Sanidine
K[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Rubicline
(Rb,K)[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Kokchetavite
KAlSi
 
3
O
 
8
9.FA.30Monalbite
Na[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Albite
Na[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Andesine
(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Bytownite
(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Labradorite
(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Oligoclase
(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Reedmergnerite
Na[BSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Lingunite
(Na,Ca)AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
9.FA.40Paracelsian
Ba[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.45Svyatoslavite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.50Slawsonite
(Sr,Ca)[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.55Lisetite
CaNa
 
2
Al
 
4
Si
 
4
O
 
16
9.FA.60Banalsite
BaNa
 
2
[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
 
2
9.FA.60Stronalsite
SrNa
 
2
[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
 
2
9.FA.65Danburite
Ca[BSiO
 
4
]
 
2
9.FA.65Maleevite
BaB
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
9.FA.65Pekovite
SrB
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
16.9.1Gehlenite
Ca
 
2
Al[AlSiO
 
7
]
16.9.3Yoshiokaite
(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)O
 
4
]
16.9.4Svyatoslavite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
16.9.5Dmisteinbergite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
16.9.6Grossular
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
16.9.7Vuagnatite
CaAl[OH|SiO
 
4
]
16.9.8Zoisite
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
3
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
16.9.9Clinozoisite
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
3
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
16.9.10Prehnite
Ca
 
2
Al
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
12
(OH)
16.9.11Kamaishilite
Ca
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
SiO
 
6
]
16.9.12Bicchulite
Ca
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
SiO
 
6
]
16.9.13Margarite
CaAl
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
10
]
16.9.14Chantalite
CaAl
 
2
[(OH)
 
4
|SiO
 
4
]
16.9.15Cebollite
Ca
 
5
Al
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
12
(OH)
 
4
 or near
16.9.17Katoite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
8-6
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
1-1.5
]
16.9.18Lawsonite
CaAl
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
16.9.19Parthéite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
·2H
 
2
O
16.9.20Wairakite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
] · 2H
 
2
O
16.9.21Vertumnite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
4
Si
 
4
O
 
6
(OH)
 
24
·3H
 
2
O
16.9.22Scolecite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
10
] · 3H
 
2
O
16.9.23Laumontite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
·4H
 
2
O
16.9.24Yugawaralite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
·4H
 
2
O
16.9.25Gismondine-Ca
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
·4H
 
2
O
16.9.26Epistilbite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
·5H
 
2
O
16.9.27Goosecreekite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
] · 5H
 
2
O
16.9.28Cowlesite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
10
·6H
 
2
O
16.9.30Stellerite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
7
O
 
18
] · 7H
 
2
O
16.9.31Strätlingite
Ca
 
2
Al
 
2
SiO
 
7
·8H
 
2
O
16.9.32Amstallite
CaAl(Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
8
(OH)
 
4
·(H
 
2
O,Cl)

Other Names for Anorthite

Synonyms:
AmphodeliteAnorthoîteAnortiteBarsoviteBeffanite
BeffoniteBiotineChristianiteCyclopiteIndianite
LatrobiteLepoliteLime-FeldsparThiorsauite
German names:
AmphodelitAnorthitAnorthoîtBarsovitBeffanit
BeffonitCyclopitLepolit
Russian names:
Анортит
Spanish names:
AmphodelitaAnorthitaAnorthoîtaBarsovitaBeffanita
BeffonitaCyclopitaLepolita
Varieties:
Barium-Anorthite (of Nockolds and Zies)BytowniteGermanium-anorthiteLabradoriteLindsayite
Lynx Eye

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Anorthite

Reference List:Rose. G. (1823): Über den Feldspat, Albit, Labradorit und Anorthit, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Vol. 73/NF-43, 175-208.

Acta Crystallographica: 15: 117-135.

Richet, P. and Bottinga, Y. (1984b) Anorthite, andesine, wollastonite, dopside, cordierite, and pyrope thermodynamics of melting, glass transitions, and properties of the amorphous phases. Earth and Planetary Science Letters: 67: 415-432.

Redfern, S.A.T. and Salje, E. (1987), Thermodynamics of plagioclase II: temperature evolution of the spontaneous strain at the I1‾ ↔ P1‾ phase transition in anorthite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 14: 189-195.

Salje, E. (1987), Thermodynamics of plagioclase I: theory of the I1‾ - P1‾ phase transition in anorthite and Ca-rich plagioclases. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 14: 181-188.

Angel, R.J. (1988), High-pressure structure of anorthite. American Mineralogist: 73: 1114-1119.

Ghose, S., Van Tendeloo, G., and Amelinkx, S. (1988), Dynamics of a second-order phase transition: P1‾ to I1‾ phase transition in anorthite, CaAl2Si2O8. Science: 242: 1539-1541.

Angel, R.J., Redfern, S.A.T., and Ross, N.L. (1989), Spontaneous strain below the I1‾ - P1‾ transition in anorthite at pressure. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 16: 539-544.

Van Tendeloo, G., ose, S., and Amelinckx, S. (1989) A dynamical model for the P1‾ - I1‾ phase transition in anorthite, CaAl2Si2O8 I: Evidence from electron microscopy. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 16: 311-319.

Angel, R.J., Carpenter, M.A., and Finger, L.W. (1990), Structural variation associated with compositional variation and order-disorder behaviour in anorthite-rich feldspars. American Mineralogist: 75: 150-162.

Carpenter, M.A., Angel, R.J., and Finger, L.W. (1990), Calibration of Al/Si order variations in anorthite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 104: 471-480.

Carpenter, M.A. (1991), Mechanisms and kinetics of Al-Si ordering in anorthite: I. Incommensurate structure and domain coarsening: American Mineralogist: 76: 1110-1119.

Angel, R.J. (1992), Order-disorder and the high-pressure P1‾-I1‾ transition in anorthite. American Mineralogist: 77: 923-929.

Knoche, R., Dingwell, D.B., and Webb, S.L. (1992a) Non-linear temperature dependence of liquid volumes in the system albite-anorthite-diopside. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 111: 61-73.

Knoche, R., Dingwell, D.B., and Webb, S.L. (1992b) Temperature-dependent thermal expansivities of silicate melts: The system anorthite-diopside. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 56: 689-699.

Redfern, S.A.T. and Salje, E. (1992), Microscopic dynamic and macroscopic thermodynamic character of the I1‾ - P1‾ phase transition in anorthite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 18: 526-533.

Courtial, P., Téqui, C., and Richet, P. (2000) Thermodynamics of diopside, anorthite, pseudowollastonite, CaMgGeO4 olivine, and åkermanite up to near the melting point. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 27: 242-250.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (1995) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume II. Silica, Silicates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 904pp., 2 sub-volumes: 33.

Internet Links for Anorthite

Search Engines:
  • Look for Anorthite on Google
  • Look for Anorthite images on Google
    • External Links:
  • Look for Anorthite on Webmineral
  • Look for Anorthite on Athena Mineralogy
  • Look for Anorthite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Anorthite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Anorthite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Anorthite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
    • Mineral Dealers:
  • Buy Minerals and Crystals from Crystalarium.com
  • Search for Anorthite on minvision.com
  • The Arkenstone - Fine Minerals
  • Fabre Minerals - search for Anorthite specimens
  • Wright's Rock Shop - excellent mineral specimens since 1970
  • Buy Fine Minerals from mineralsweb.com
  • High-end worldwide specimens & outstanding customer service
  • e-Rocks - Mineral Auctions and Sales
  • Search for Anorthite at Thames Valley Minerals
  • Fine Minerals from Dan Weinrich Minerals
  • Wendel Minerals - Auktion & Shop
  • Top quality minerals from Kristalle of California
    • Jobs:
  • Mining & Geology Jobs

    • Page Sponsor

    Sponsorship:This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to find out how you can sponsor this page.

    Localities for Anorthite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    These maps work faster with Firefox!
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    • Annaba Province
      • Cap de Fer
    		[var: Labradorite] Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 625-638.
    • Skikda Province
      • Collo
        • Cape Bougaroun
    		[var: Bytownite] Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 625-638.
    • Tamanghasset Province
      • Ahaggar Mts (Hoggar Mts)
        • Laouni
    		[var: Labradorite] J.P. Lorand and J.Y. Cottin, Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 373-378.
    Angola
     
    • Huíla Province
      • Lubango City Council
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 1001-1024.
    Antarctica
    AmMin 36:361-367
    AmMin 36:361-367
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		No reference listed
      • Yungnulgra Co.
        • White Cliffs
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1991, 3, pp. 293-322.
    • Northern Territory
      • Harts Ranges (Hartz Ranges)
        • Mount Brady
    [var: Bytownite] Zia U. Bajwah, Huckitta 1:250 000 Mineral deposit data series, Northern Territory Geological Survey, 1994
    • South Australia
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • North Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Yunta
    		[var: Labradorite] Brugger, J., Ogierman, J., Pring, A., Waldron, H., Kolitsch, U. (2006): Origin of the secondary REE-minerals at the Paratoo copper deposit near Yunta, South Australia. Mineralogical Magazine, 70, 609-627.
    • Tasmania
      • Huon district
    		[var: Bytownite] No reference listed
    [var: Labradorite] http://www.crocoite.com/locationbulletins/part1/zeolites.pdf
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
    		H. Meixner: 32(3):85-97 (1981)
    [var: Bytownite] G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
          • Mosinzgraben
            • Mosinz
    		[var: Bytownite] H. Meixner: Carinthia II 157./77.:88-89 (1967)
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Ankogel group
          • Dösenbach valley
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Karawanken Mts
    		[var: Bytownite] G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Koralpe Mts
        • Waldenstein
      • Kreuzeck group
        • Steinfeld
          • Rottenstein valley
    		[var: Labradorite] G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Lower Austria
      • Dunkelstein forest
        • Aggsbach Dorf
      • Waldviertel
        • Krems an der Donau
    		[var: Labradorite] R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
          • Senftenberg
    		[var: Bytownite] R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Styria
      • Bad Radkersburg
        • Klöch
    		Taucher, J. et al. (1989)
      • Graz
        • Wildon
          • Weitendorf
    		[var: Bytownite] R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Bolivia
     
    • Chuquisaca Department
      • Yamparaez Province
    		Federico Ahlfeld y Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955) Las Especies Minerales de Bolivia. (Banco Minero de Bolivia)
    Brazil
     
    • South Region
      • Paraná
        • Foz do Iguaçu
    		Geological Survey Professional Paper 327 (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1959)
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
    		[var: Labradorite] Jour. of South American Earth Sci. 15:709–723
    Cameroon
     
    • Ouest
    		[var: Labradorite]
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Victoria Mining Division
        • Vancouver Island
    		[var: Bytownite]
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
    		[var: Labradorite]
    [var: Labradorite] www.alpinegems.net
    • Ontario
      • Carleton Co.
        • Gloucester Township
    		[var: Bytownite] António Manuel Ináçio Martins.
      • Fort Frances
        • Mine Centre
          • Bad Vermilion Lake
    		[var: Bytownite] T. Tagai et al. , Eur. Journ. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 299-305.
      • Haliburton Co.
        • Monmouth Township
          • Tory Hill
    		[var: Bytownite]
      • Thunder Bay District
    		N.T. Pettigrew and K.H. Hattori, 2001, Explor. Mining Geol. , Vol. 10, N° 1-2, pp. 35-49.
    [var: Labradorite]
      • Labelle Co.
        • Bigelow Township
          • Notre Dame du Laus
    		No reference listed
    • Saskatchewan
      • Athabasca Basin
        • Honsvall Lake
    		[var: Labradorite] Eur. J. Mineral. , 1995, 7, pp. 1251-1272.
    Chile
     
    • Magallanes y Antártica Chilena Region
      • Magallanes Province
    		[var: Labradorite] Alan R. Woolley: Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, part 1, 200 (BMNH, London, 1987)
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Arica Province
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Anqing Prefecture
        • Yuexi Co.
          • Wumiao
            • Marble quarry
    		[var: Bytownite]
      • Wuhu Prefecture
        • Wuhu Co.
          • Ningwu Mining District
    		[var: Labradorite] Yusheng Zhai, Yongliang Xiong, Shuzhen Yao, and Xinduo Lin (1996): Ore Geology Reviews 11, 229-248.
    • Fujian Province
      • Fuzhou Prefecture
        • Pingtan Co.
    		[var: Bytownite] Jiyue Xue, Yanfeng Cai, and Xiaoning Zhao (1999): Geological Journal of China Universities 5(2), 170-174.
    • Guangdong Province
      • Shaoguan Prefecture
        • Nanxiong Co.
    		[var: Labradorite] Liangshu Shu, Ping Deng, Bin Wang, Zhengzhong Tan, Xinqi Yu, and Yan Sun (2004): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 47(8), 673-688.
        • Shixing Co.
    		[var: Labradorite] Liangshu Shu, Ping Deng, Bin Wang, Zhengzhong Tan, Xinqi Yu, and Yan Sun (2004): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 47(8), 673-688.
        • Wengyuan Co.
          • Xiazhuang Uranium ore field
    		[var: Labradorite] Lin Jun, Ya-xin Yang and Xin-min Wu (2006): Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 267(2), 377-380
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Hechi Prefecture
        • Nandan Co.
    		http://www.vsppub.com/jconts/CJG/jc-Vol12No3pp193288199.html
    • Sichuan Province
      • Mianyang Prefecture
        • Pingwu Co.
          • Mt Xuebaoding
    		Cao Zhimin, Zheng Jianbin, Li Youguo, Kabayashi, S., Ren Jianguo, Kaneda, H., Xu Shijin, Shoji, T., and Wang Rucheng (2002): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 45(8), 719-729.
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Hami (Kumul; Qumul) Prefecture
        • Hami (Kumul; Qumul) Co.
          • Baishiquan ore district
    		Feng-Mai Chai, Zhao-Chong Zhang, Jing-Wen Mao, Lian-Hui Dong, Zuo-Heng Zhang, Hui-Shou Ye, Hua Wu, and Xin-Hua Mo (2006): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica [Yanshikuangwuxue Zazhi] 25(1), 1-12.
      • Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Aletai (Altay) Prefecture
          • Fuyun Co.
    		[var: Labradorite] Chunming Han, Wenjiao Xiao, Guochun Zhao, Wenjun Qu, and Andao Du (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 452-468.
          • Jimunay (Jeminay; Jeminey) Co.
    		[var: Labradorite] Shen Ping, Shen Yuanchao, Liu Tiebing, Li Guangming, and Zeng Qingdong (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences (in press).
    Costa Rica
     
    • Alajuela Province
    		[var: Bytownite]
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)
    		[var: Labradorite]
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Žlutice (Luditz)
    		Černý, P. et al.: Mokrá u Žlutic, lokalita gibbsitu, böhmitu a zeolitů. Minerál, 2002, roč. 10, č. 6, s. 403 - 408.
      • South Bohemia Region
        • Český Krumlov
    		Černý, P., Litochleb, J., Šrein, V.: Chrom-vanadové granáty z grafitového ložiska Domoradice u Českého Krumlova. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 205-209.
        • Strakonice
    		Litochleb, J. et al.: Korund ze skapolitem bohaté vápenatosilikátové horniny v moldanubických mramorech u Krtů na Strakonicku. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 169-172.
      • Ústí Region
        • Duchcov (Dux)
    		Žáček V., Skála R., Chlupáčová M., Dvořák Z. 2005: Ca-Fe3+-rich, Si-undersaturated buchite from Želénky, North-Bohemian Brown Coal Basin, Czech Republic. Eur. J. Mineral., 17, 623-633
        • Ústí nad Labem (Aussig)
    		Ulrych, J. et al. (2000): Tertiary phonolite laccolith of Mariánská hora hill, N. Bohemia: geological, petrological and mineralogical characteristics. Acta Montana IRSM AS CR, series A No. 15 (116), p. 5-44.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
    		 Petr Paulis (2001): Die interessanten mineralogische Fundstellen in Mahren und Schlesien; Kuttna, Kutná Hora p69-73
      • Vysočina Region
    		Houzar, S.: Přehled minerálů amfibolitového lomu v Mirošově (západní Morava), Minerál, 1999, roč. 7, č. 4, s. 294-296.
    El Salvador
     
    • Sonsonate Department
    		[var: Bytownite] www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/central_america/el_salvador/izalco/petro.html a
    Finland
     
    • Etelä-Suomen Lääni
      • Lappeenranta
    		[var: Labradorite]
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Cantal
        • Cantal Mts
          • Menet
            • Brocq-en-Menet
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J.J. Périchaud : "Inventaire Minéralogique du Cantal", BRGM and Editions G. de Bussac, 1971
        • Saint-Flour
    		[var: Labradorite]
      • Haute-Loire
        • Brioude - Massiac area
          • Torsiac
            • Lanau
    		[var: Labradorite] F.H. Forestier : "Les Péridotites Serpentinisées en France, Groupe I, Fascicule IV, Bassin du Haut Allier", BRGM, 1964
        • Saint-Julien-Chapteuil
          • Saint-Pierre-Eynac
    		[var: Labradorite] C. Cotonian et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1988, 111, pp. 89-95.
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Châtelguyon
          • Charbonnières-les-Varennes
    		[var: Labradorite] C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry of lost Mindat data).
    • Franche-Comté
      • Haute-Saône
        • Château-Lambert
    		[var: Bytownite] F. André and J. Béhien, Bull. Minéral. , France, 1983, 106, pp. 341-351.
    [var: Bytownite] F. André and J. Béhien, Bull. Minéral. , France, 1983, 106, pp. 341-351.
    [var: Bytownite] F. André and J. Béhien, Bull. Minéral. , France, 1983, 106, pp. 341-351.
    [var: Bytownite] F. André and J. Béhien, Bull. Minéral. , France, 1983, 106, pp. 341-351.
          • Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle
    		[var: Bytownite] F. André and J. Béhien, Bull. Minéral. , France, 1983, 106, pp. 341-351.
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
    		D. Coffrant, Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr. , 1974, 97, pp. 70-78.
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Cauflens
          • Seix
            • Salau
    		[var: Labradorite] Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 633-644.
    Patrice Queneau Collection
      • Aveyron
        • Decazeville
          • Decazeville coal basin
    		R. Pierrot, R. Pulou, P. Picot : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 7 : Aveyron", BRGM, 1977
    Etier J.R. & Ch., Favreau G., Devouard B., Vigier J. (2004), Minéraux de pyrométamorphisme de Lapanouse-de Sévérac (Aveyron), Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°85, pp: 3-58
        • Rodez
          • Pont-de-Salars
    		[var: Labradorite]
        • Villefranche-de-Rouergue
          • Bage reservoir
    		[var: Labradorite] G. Trolliard et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 439-448.
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
    		Favreau G., Meisser N., Chiappero P.J. (2004), Saint-Maime (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence): un exemple de pyrométamorphisme en région provençale, n°3, pp: 59-92
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Ardèche
        • Plateau des Coirons
    		[var: Labradorite] Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, pp. 450-464.
      • Drôme
        • Romans-sur-Isère
          • Saint-Jean-en-Royans
    		M. Christophe Michel-Lévy, Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 449-458.
    French West Indies
     
    • Lesser Antilles
      • Guadeloupe
        • Basse-Terre
    		Ch. Lefèvre and Ph. Cocusse, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 189-208.
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Maroldsweisach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Mitterteich
            • Wiesau
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Hesse
      • Gießen (Giessen)
        • Großen-Buseck
    		[var: Bytownite] S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Main valley
    		[var: Labradorite] S. Weiss: Mineralfundstellen Deutschland West, Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Bad Harzburg
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Blass, G., Persönliche Mitteilung, 2002
    Blass, G., Persönliche Mitteilung, 2002
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
    		[Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise (München), 1983] [A. Wittern: Mineralfundorte in Deutschland, Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001]
        • Mendig
          • Bell
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
        • Niederzissen
          • Glees
    		Kratzsch, E., (2006): Der Wehr-Vulkan und seine Mineralien, MineralienWelt 17 (5)
        • Polch
          • Ochtendung
    		Blass, G., Graf , HW., Die Wannenköpfe bei Ochtendung in der Vulkaneifel und ihre Mineralien, MW 6/1999
    • Saxony
      • Chemnitz
        • Markersdorf
    		[var: Labradorite] Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Penig
    		[var: Labradorite] H. Vollstädt, R. Baumgärtel: "Einheimische Edelsteine", 2nd. ed., Steinkopff (Dresden), 1977
      • Erzgebirge
    		Lapis 30(7/8):78-80 (2005)
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Plön
        • Damsdorf - Stocksee - Tensfeld area
    		[var: Labradorite] A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
      • Thuringian Forest
        • Schmalkalden
          • Schnellbach
    		[var: Labradorite] No reference listed
    Greece
     
    • Thraki (Thrace; Thracia) Department
      • Komotini (Rodopi; Rhodope) Prefecture
        • Thermes
    		[var: Bytownite] Eur. J. Mineral. , 1994, 6, pp. 733-738.
    Hungary
     
    • Nógrád Co.
      • Karancs-Medves Mts.
        • Salgótarján
    		[var: Labradorite] EGU / EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly, Abstracts from the meeting held in Nice, France, 6 - 11 April 2003, abstract #748 "Silicate melt inclusions in olivine phenocrysts from Hegyestu (Bakony-Balaton Highland) and Pecsko alkaline basalts (Nograd-Gomor), Hungary"
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Balaton Uplands
        • Zánka
    		[var: Labradorite] XVI ECROFI European Current Research On Fluid Inclusions, Porto 2001, Abstracts (Eds F. Noronha, A. Dória and A. Guedes), Faculdade de Ciências do Porto, Departamento de Geologia, Memória nº 7, pp. 237-240. Porto, 2001
    India
     
    • Bihar
      • Hazaribagh District
    		[var: Labradorite]
    Israel
     
    Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Shulamit Gross (1977) The mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geol. Surv. of Israel, Bull. No. 70.
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		Rose. G. (1823): Über den Feldspat, Albit, Labradorit und Anorthit, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Vol. 73/NF-43, 175-208
            • Ercolano
              • San Vito
    		Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
            • Pollena - Trocchia area
    		Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I Minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
          • Mt. Vesuvius
            • Torre del Greco
    		Russo, M. (2003): Mineralogia Vesuviana - Villa Inglese. Micro (località), 2003, 1-10
    • Latium
      • Rome Province
    		Federico, M., Peccerillo, A., (2002): Mineral chemistry and petrogenesis of granular ejecta from the Alban Hills volcano, Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol 74, 223-252
    De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol
      • Viterbo Province
        • Onano
    		Cresta, S., Duronio, F., Mancinella, D. (2002): Geositi e sistema delle arre protette del Lazio: idee per la geoconservazione. Il Cercapietre, 1-2/2002, 48-55
        • Vico Lake
    		No reference listed
    Carlini, R., Signoretti, E., 2003. Località minori del vulcano Vicano: Villa S.Giovanni in Tuscia e Mazzocchio. Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2: 33-41
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Novate Mezzola
          • Codera Valley
    		Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ornavasso
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto. G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo " F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Sicily
      • Siracusa Province
        • Melilli
    		[var: Bytownite] S. Tonarini et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1153-1173.
      • Trapani Province
    		[var: Bytownite] Journal of Petrology (1998)
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Fassa Valley
          • Monzoni Mts
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    [var: Labradorite] De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Florence Province
    		[var: Labradorite] Brizzi G., Meli R., 1996. I minerali della formazione ofiolitica dell'Impruneta (FI). Riv. Miner. Ital., 20: 81-98.
    [var: Labradorite] Brizzi G., Meli R. (1996) - I minerali della formazione ofiolitica dell'Impruneta (FI). - Riv. Mineral. Ital., 20 1: 81-98.
    [var: Labradorite] Brizzi G., Meli R., 1996 - I minerali della formazione ofiolitica dell'Impruneta (FI). - Riv. Mineral. Ital., 20 1: 81-98.
      • Grosseto Province
        • Pitigliano
    		Liotti L., 1991. I minerali dei vulcani laziali a Pitigliano (Grosseto). Riv. Mineral. Ital., 15 (3): 121-139.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Hidaka Province
        • Samani-gun
          • Samani-cho
            • Horoman peridotite body
    		T. Morishita and S. Arai, Journal of Petrology, 2001, V 42, N 7, pp. 1279-1299.
      • Iburi Province
        • Shiraoi-cho
    		Matsubara, S. (2003) Minerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia, vol. 15)
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Takahashi
    		Matsueda, H. (1983) Journal of the Mining College, Akita University, Ser. A, Mining Geology, 6, #3, 259-292.
      • Kanto Region
        • Chiba Prefecture
          • Awa-gun
            • Wada-machi
    		[var: Labradorite]
      • Kinki Region
        • Hyogo Prefecture
          • Kobe City
    		[var: Labradorite] Huzita, K., et al. (1971) Geology and Geomorphology of the Rokko Area, Kinki District, Japan. Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University, 14, 71-124.
        • Mie Prefecture
          • Nabari
        • Osaka Prefecture
    		Tainosho, Y. (1974) Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University, 17, 53-71.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
    		Matsuyama, F. (2001)
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Sumita-cho
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Nansei Archipelago
      • Kagoshima Prefecture
        • Tokara Archipelago
      • Okinawa Prefecture
    		Tiba, T. & Saito, Y. (1974); Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, 7:25-30
    • Tokyo Prefecture
      • Izu Archipelago
    		Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
    Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
      • Ogasawara Islands
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
      • Volcano Islands (Kazan Rettou)
    		Classic specimens widely distributed in reference collections.
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Osh Oblast
      • Turkestan Range
    Libya
     
    • Dar al Gani
    		Meteoritical Bull. 84 (Aug.2000)
    Madagascar
     
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Horombe Region
        • Betroka Department
          • Sakasoa
    		H Besairie: gites mineraux de Madagascar
        • Ihosy Department
    		B. Devouard et al. : "Occurrence of musgravite in anorthite-corundum-spinel-sapphirine rocks ("sakenites") from South Madagascar : Evidence for a high-grade metasomatic event". 18th General Meeting of the IMA, Sept. 2002, Edinburgh, Scotland.
    Nicollet, Christian (1990): Occurences of grandidierite, serendibite and tourmaline near Ihosy, southern Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine 54: 131-133
    • Tuléar (Toliara) Province
      • Androy Region
        • Tsihombe Department
    		H Besairie: gites mineraux de Madagascar
      • Anosy (Fort Dauphin) Region
        • Amboasary Department
          • Maromby Commune
    		www.gemresearch.ch/andranon/madcon.htm.
            • Belafa area
    		Besaire,H. (1966): Gites mineraux de Madagascar. Ann.Geol.Mad. XXXIV
          • Tranomaro Commune
    		Besaire,H.(1966): Gites mineraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXXIV,Tananarive p 397
    [var: Bytownite] Rapport Annuel du Serv.Geol.Mad 1955
      • Southwestern Region
        • Benenitra Department
    		[var: Labradorite] pers. com. K.E.Larsen april 2006
          • Ianapera (Janapera) area
    		[var: Labradorite] pers. com. K.E.Larsen april 2006
        • Betioky Department
    		[var: Labradorite] Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Pueblito de Allende
    		Imai H. and Yurimoto H. (2000).
    • Durango
    		[var: Bytownite] www.asahi-net.or.jp/~UG7S-KTU/e_bytown.htm
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Auckland
        • Rodney