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Låvenite

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Big Photo

Laach lake volcanic complex, Eifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Låvenite Photos (64)



Formula:
(Na,Ca)
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:Colorless to ...
Lustre:VitreousHardness:6
Member of:Wöhlerite Group
Name:
Named for the Type Locality, Isle of Låven, Langesundsfjord, Norway.


Wöhlerite Group.

Classification of Låvenite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.BE.17

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 7th edition ID:56.2.4.4
Dana 8th edition ID:56.2.4.4

56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.10.27

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
10 : Silicates of Zr or Hf
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Type Occurrence of Låvenite

Type Locality:Låven (Skådön; Lamö; Lamanskjaer), Langesundsfjorden, Larvik, Vestfold, Norway

Physical Properties of Låvenite

Lustre:Vitreous
Colour:Colorless to brownish-yellow, brown, brownish-red, orange-brown.
Streak:Yellowish-white
Hardness (Mohs):6

Crystallography of Låvenite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/b {P1 1 21/b} {P21/c} {P1 21/c 1} {P21/a}
Space Group Setting:P21/a
Cell Parameters:a = 10.83(1) Å, b = 9.98(1) Å, c = 7.174(5) Å
β = 108.1°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.085 : 1 : 0.719
Unit Cell Volume:V 737.02 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.97 (50)
3.21 (70)
2.89 (100)
2.82 (90)
2.00 (50)
1.792 (50)
1.649 (40)

Optical Data of Låvenite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.670 nβ = 1.690 nγ = 1.720
2V:Measured: 40° to 70°, Calculated: 80°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.050

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r < v perceptible

Chemical Properties of Låvenite

Formula:
(Na,Ca)
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
Essential elements:Mn, Na, O, Si, Zr
All elements listed in formula:Ca, F, Fe, H, Mn, Na, O, Si, Ti, Zr

Relationship of Låvenite to other Species

Member of:Wöhlerite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Baghdadite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
Burpalite
Na
 
2
CaZr(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)F
 
2
Cuspidine
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(F,OH)
 
2
Hiortdahlite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
Janhaugite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Ti,Zr,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
Niocalite
(Ca,Nb)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
Normandite
NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)OF
Wöhlerite
NaCa
 
2
(Zr,Nb)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.BE.02Wadsleyite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
9.BE.05Hennomartinite
SrMn
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Lawsonite
CaAl
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Noelbensonite
BaMn
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Itoigawaite
SrAl
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
9.BE.07Ilvaite
CaFe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH)
9.BE.07Manganilvaite
Ca(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH)
9.BE.10Suolunite
Ca
 
2
(H
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
7
) · H
 
2
O
9.BE.12Jaffeite
Ca
 
6
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
6
9.BE.15Fresnoite
Ba
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
9.BE.17Baghdadite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
9.BE.17Burpalite
Na
 
2
CaZr(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)F
 
2
9.BE.17Cuspidine
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.BE.17Hiortdahlite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Janhaugite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Ti,Zr,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Niocalite
(Ca,Nb)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Normandite
NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)OF
9.BE.17Wöhlerite
NaCa
 
2
(Zr,Nb)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Hiortdahlite I
Na
 
4
Ca
 
8
Zr
 
2
(Nb,Mn,Ti,Fe,Mg,Al)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
3
F
 
5
9.BE.17Marianoite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
4
(Nb,Zr)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(O,F)
 
4
9.BE.20Mosandrite
(◻,Ca,Na)
 
3
(Ca,REE)
 
4
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
[H
 
2
O,OH,F]
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
9.BE.20Nacareniobsite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
Ca
 
3
(Ce,La,Nd)Nb(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
OF
 
3
9.BE.22Götzenite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
5
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
F
 
4
9.BE.22Hainite
Na
 
4
Ca
 
8
(Ti,Zr,Mn)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
F
 
4
9.BE.22Rosenbuschite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)OF
9.BE.22Kochite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Ca)ZrTi(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(F,O)
 
4
9.BE.23Dovyrenite
Ca
 
6
Zr(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
9.BE.25Barytolamprophyllite
(Ba,Na)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O(OH,F)
9.BE.25Ericssonite
BaMn
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH)
9.BE.25Lamprophyllite
(Sr,K,Ba)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O(O,OH,F)
9.BE.25Ericssonite-2O
BaMn
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH)
9.BE.25Seidozerite
Na
 
8
Mn
2+
2
Zr
 
3
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
4
F
 
4
9.BE.25Nabalamprophyllite
Na
 
3
(Ba,Na)
 
2
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.25Grenmarite
(Na,Ca)
 
4
(Mn,Na)(Zr,Mn)
 
2
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(O,F)
 
4
9.BE.25Schüllerite
Ba
 
2
Na(Mn,Ca)(Fe
3+
 
,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(O,F)
 
4
9.BE.25Lileyite
Ba
 
2
(Na,Fe,Ca)
 
3
MgTi
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
F
 
2
9.BE.27Murmanite
Na
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.BE.30Epistolite
Na
 
2
(Nb,Ti)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
9.BE.32Lomonosovite
Na
 
5
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(PO
 
4
)O
 
2
9.BE.35Vuonnemite
Na
 
11
Ti
4+
 
Nb
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
3
(F,OH)
9.BE.37Sobolevite
Na
 
13
Ca
 
2
Mn
 
2
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
3
F
 
3
9.BE.40Innelite
Na
 
2
CaBa
 
4
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
4
9.BE.40Phosphoinnelite
Na
 
3
Ba
 
4
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
F
9.BE.42Yoshimuraite
Ba
 
2
Mn
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(PO
 
4
)O(OH)
9.BE.45Quadruphite
Na
 
14
Ca
 
2
Ti
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
F
9.BE.47Polyphite
Na
 
5
(Na
 
4
Ca
 
2
)Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(PO
 
4
)
 
3
O
 
2
F
 
2
9.BE.50Bornemanite
Na
 
6
BaTi
 
2
Nb(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)O
 
2
(OH)F
9.BE.50Shkatulkaite
Na
 
10
Mn
2+
 
Ti
 
3
Nb
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
6
(OH)
 
2
F · 12H
 
2
O
9.BE.55Bafertisite
Ba(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(O,OH)
 
2
9.BE.55Hejtmanite
Ba(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH,F)
9.BE.55Bykovaite
(Ba,Na,K)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Mn)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(H
 
2
O,F,OH)
 
2
 · 3.5H
 
2
O
9.BE.55Nechelyustovite
(Ba,Sr,K)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Mn)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(O,H
 
2
O,F)
 
2
 · 4.5H
 
2
O
9.BE.60Delindeite
(Na,K)
 
2
(Ba,Ca)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.BE.65Bussenite
Na
 
2
Ba
 
2
Fe
2+
 
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
3
F
9.BE.67Jinshajiangite
BaNaFe
2+
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
F
9.BE.67Perraultite
BaNaMn
2+
4
Ti
 
2
 (Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
F
9.BE.67Surkhobite
NaCaBa
 
2
Mn
 
8
Ti
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
5
F
 
5
9.BE.70Karnasurtite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
4
 · 3H
 
2
O
9.BE.70Perrierite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca,Th)
 
4
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Fe
3+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Strontiochevkinite
(Sr,La,Ce,Ca)
 
4
Fe
2+
 
(Ti,Zr)
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Chevkinite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Ca,Th)
 
4
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(Fe
2+
 
,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Polyakovite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca)
 
4
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Cr
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Rengeite
Sr
 
4
ZrTi
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Matsubaraite
Sr
 
4
Ti
 
5
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Dingdaohengite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)
 
4
Fe
2+
 
(Ti,Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Maoniupingite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca)
 
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti,Fe
2+
 
,◻)(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Nb)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Perrierite-(La)
(La,Ce,Ca)
 
4
(Fe,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Fe
3+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70UKI-2008-(SiO:SrTiZr)
Sr
 
4
ZrTi
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Hezuolinite
(Sr,REE)
 
4
Zr(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.72Fersmanite
Ca
 
4
(Na,Ca)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
F
 
3
9.BE.75Belkovite
Ba
 
3
(Nb,Ti)
 
6
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
12
9.BE.77Nasonite
Pb
 
6
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
3
Cl
 
2
9.BE.80Kentrolite
Pb
 
2
Mn
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
9.BE.80Melanotekite
Pb
 
2
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
9.BE.82Tilleyite
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
9.BE.85Killalaite
Ca
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
) · 0.5H
 
2
O
9.BE.87Stavelotite-(La)
(La,Nd,Ca)
 
3
Mn
2+
3
Cu(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Mn
4+
 
)
 
26
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
6
O
 
5
9.BE.90Biraite-(Ce)
Ce
 
2
Fe
2+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(CO
 
3
)
9.BE.92Cervandonite-(Ce)
(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ti,Al)
 
3
O
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(As
3+
 
O
 
3
)(OH)
9.BE.95Batisivite
BaV
3+
8
Ti
 
6
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
22
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.10.1Zircon
ZrSiO
 
4
14.10.2Hafnon
HfSiO
 
4
14.10.3Zektzerite
LiNa(Zr,Ti,Hf)Si
 
6
O
 
15
14.10.4Parakeldyshite
Na
 
2
ZrSi
 
2
O
 
7
14.10.5Vlasovite
Na
 
2
ZrSi
 
4
O
 
11
14.10.6Keldyshite
(Na,H)
 
2
ZrSi
 
2
O
 
7
14.10.7Gaidonnayite
Na
 
2
Zr(Si
 
3
O
 
9
) · 2H
 
2
O
14.10.8Terskite
Na
 
4
ZrSi
 
6
O
 
16
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.10.9Elpidite
Na
 
2
ZrSi
 
6
O
 
15
 · 3H
 
2
O
14.10.10Hilairite
Na
 
2
Zr[SiO
 
3
]
 
3
 · 3H
 
2
O
14.10.11Petarasite
Na
 
5
Zr
 
2
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(Cl,OH) · 2H
 
2
O
14.10.12Khibinskite
K
 
2
ZrSi
 
2
O
 
7
14.10.13Wadeite
K
 
2
Zr(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
14.10.14Dalyite
K
 
2
ZrSi
 
6
O
 
15
14.10.15Kostylevite
K
 
2
Zr(Si
 
3
O
 
9
) · H
 
2
O
14.10.16Umbite
K
 
2
(Zr,Ti)Si
 
3
O
 
9
 · H
 
2
O
14.10.17Paraumbite
K
 
3
Zr
 
2
H(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
14.10.18Georgechaoite
NaKZr[Si
 
3
O
 
9
] · 2H
 
2
O
14.10.19Gittinsite
CaZrSi
 
2
O
 
7
14.10.20Calciocatapleiite
CaZr(Si
 
3
O
 
9
) · 2H
 
2
O
14.10.21Calciohilairite
CaZr[SiO
 
3
]
 
3
 · 3H
 
2
O
14.10.22Armstrongite
CaZr[Si
 
6
O
 
15
] · 3H
 
2
O
14.10.23Lemoynite
(Na,K)
 
2
CaZr
 
2
Si
 
10
O
 
26
 · 5H
 
2
O
14.10.24Catapleiite
Na
 
2
Zr(Si
 
3
O
 
9
) · 2H
 
2
O
14.10.25Baghdadite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
14.10.26Lovozerite
Na
 
2
CaZr(H
 
4
Si
 
6
O
 
18
) · H
 
2
O
14.10.28Penkvilksite
Na
 
4
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
22
 · 4H
 
2
O
14.10.29Darapiosite
KNa
 
2
(Zn,Li)
 
3
(Mn,Zr)
 
2
[Si
 
12
O
 
30
]
14.10.30Bazirite
BaZr(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
14.10.31Komkovite
BaZr[Si
 
3
O
 
9
] · 3H
 
2
O
14.10.32Zirsinalite
Na
 
6
(Ca,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Zr(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)
14.10.33Tranquillityite
(Fe
2+
 
,Ca)
 
8
(Zr,Y)
 
2
Ti
 
3
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
O
 
4

Other Names for Låvenite

Synonyms:
LoveniteOrthorhombic Låvenite
Other Languages:
German:Låvenit
Lovenit
Russian:Ловенит
Spanish:Låvenita
Lovenita
Varieties:
Titan-låvenite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Låvenite

Reference List:

- +
Mellini, M. (1981): Refinement of the crystal structure of Låvenite. Tschermaks Min. Petr. Mitt., 28, 99-112.

Perchiazzi N., McDonald A.M., Gault R.A., Johnsen O., Merlino S. (2000) Canad.Mineral., 38, 641-648.

Friis, H., Balić Žunić, T., Williams, T. & Petersen, O. V. (2010): Minerals of the låvenite group from South Greenland and Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift Nr. 43, 35-39. [includes description of a lavenite-like mineral, apparently a polytype of burpalite]

Internet Links for Låvenite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Låvenite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Låvenite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Poços de Caldas plateau
    		Atencio, D., Coutinho, J. M. V., Ulbrich, M. N. C., Vlach, S. R. F., Rastsvetaeva, R. K., & Pushcharovsky, D. Y. (1999). Hainite from Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Canadian Mineralogist, 37, 91-98.
    • Santa Catarina
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Golden Mining Division
    		No reference listed
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Labrador
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Lajemmerais RCM
          • Varennes & St-Amable
            • Saint-Amable sill
    		Horváth, L., Pfenninger-Horváth, E., Gault, R. A., & Tarassoff, P. (1998): Mineralogy of the Saint-Amable Sill, Varennes and Saint-Amable, Québec. Mineralogical Record, 29: 83-118.
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Horváth, L and Gault, R.A. (1990), The mineralogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire Quebec. Mineralogical Record: 21: 284-359.
      • Montréal
    		Lacroix (1890)
    • Yukon Territory
      • Watson Lake Mining District
    		Geol, Survey of Canada database
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Hentschel, G., Einige Funde ungewöhnlicher Minerale aus quartären Vulkanvorkommen der Eifel, Mainzer Geowiss. Mitt, 7, 151-154, 1978
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Hentschel, G., Einige Funde ungewöhnlicher Minerale aus quartären Vulkanvorkommen der Eifel, Mainzer geowiss. Mitt. 7, 151-154 , 1978
    Hentchel, G., Einige Funde ungewöhnlicher Minerale aus quartären Vulkanvorkommen der Eifel, Mainzer Geowiss. Mitt, 7, 151-154, 1978
              • Wingertsberg
    		Hentschel, G., Einige Funde ungewöhnlicher Minerale aus quartären Vulkanvorkommen der Eifel, Mainzer geowiss. Mitt. 7, 151-154, 1978
        • Niederzissen
          • Glees
    		Kratzsch, E., Die Mineralien vom Dachsbusch, Lapis , 14, 11-21, 1989
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
        • Igaliku (Igaliko)
          • Narssârssuk (Narsarsuk)
            • Narsaarsuup Qaava
    		Friis, H., Balić Žunić, T., Williams, T. & Petersen, O. V. (2010): Minerals of the låvenite group from South Greenland and Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift Nr. 43, 35-39. ; Friis H. et al (2010)Minerals of the Låvenite-group from South Greenland and Norway. Kongsberg Mineralsymposium 201. Berverkmuseets Skrifter no 43.
    • Tunu (East Greenland) Province
      • Kangerlussuaq Firth
        • Amdrup Firth
    		Perchiazzi, N. et al. ( 2000): The crystal structure of Normandite and its crystal-chemical relationship with Lavenite, Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 38, 641 - 648
      • Werner Bjerge
    		Lapis 29(1), 46 (2004)
    Guinea
     
    Biagioni, C. (2007). I disilicati di Zr-Ti-Nb-REE delle sieniti a nefelina delle Iles de Los (Guinea). Tesi di laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		www.dinet.it/Mineral-GMC/AMI/vesuvio.html.
            • Ercolano
              • San Vito
    		Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
      • Phlegrean Volcanic complex
        • Naples province
          • Ischia Island
            • Lacco Ameno
    		Pichler, H., (1970): Italienische Vulkan-Gebiete II, Phlegräische Felder, Ischia,.... , Bornträger Berlin Stuttgart
    Libya
     
    • Al Kufrah District
    		Flinn et al (1992)
    Flinn et al. (1992)
    Madagascar
     
    • Antsiranana Province
      • Diana Region (Northern Region)
        • Ambanja District
    		Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
        • Nosy Be District
    		Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
    Malawi
     
    • Balaka District
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Morocco
     
    • Meknès-Tafilalet Region
      • Khénifra Province
        • High Atlas Mts
          • Tamazeght complex
    Norway
     
    • Oslo
      • Grorud
    		Brøgger, W.C. (1894) Die Eruptivgesteine des Kristianiagebietes. 1. Die Gesteine der Grorudit -Tinguait - Serie. (Videnskabsselskabets Skrifter I. Mat.-Naturv. Kl. 1894, no. 4) p. 11
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Langesundsfjorden
    		Brøgger, W.C. (1880): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitegänge der südnorwegischen Augit- und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16, XVI,663pp
    Brøgger, W.C.(1885): Forelöpig meddelelse om to nye norske mineraler, Låvenit og Cappelenit. Geologiske Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar 7, 598-600
          • Barkevik area
    		Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Svein A. Berge observation in field 1978
    Brøgger, W.C.(1885): Forelöpig meddelelse om to nye norske mineraler, Låvenit og Cappelenit. Geologiske Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar 7, 598-600; Tscherm. Min. Petr. Mitt. (1981), 28, 99-112
          • Stokksund (Stoksund)
    		Knut Edvard Larsen collection (Visually identified)
          • Vesle Arøya
    		Brøgger, W. C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineral. 16, 663 pp (p.461)
    Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16. p 462
    Portugal
     
    • Azores District
      • San Miguel Island
    		[Osann, A.: Über Sanidinite von Sao Miguel, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie 1, 117-130, 1888],[ Mineralogical Magazine, August 2003, V. 67, N° 4, pp. 749-767]
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia)
          • Mama River Basin
            • Maigunda River
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
            • Rypnetsk Mt.
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
            • Takhtarvumchorr Mt
    		P.M. Kartashov data
            • Yukspor Mt
              • Hackman Valley
    		P.M. Kartashov data
          • Lovozero Massif
    		Mikhail Uchitel' data
            • Seidozero Lake
              • Muruai and Uel'kuai rivers
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
            • Suoluaiv Mt
    		[MinRec 32:416]; American Mineralogist, Volume 86, pages 939–942, 2000
    South Africa
     
    • North West Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Rustenburg District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Canary Islands
      • Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province
    		No reference listed
    Sweden
     
    • Östergötland
      • Ödeshög
    • Småland
      • Jönköping
        • Gränna
    		Adamson, O. J. (1944): The Petrology of the Norra Kärr District. An occurrence of alkaline Rocks in Southern Sweden. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 66: 112-255
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Hot Spring Co.
    		Rocks and Minerals, (2001) 76:257
      • Pulaski Co.
        • Little Rock
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1988) 63:104-125; Rocks and Minerals, (1989) 64:314-322
    No reference listed
    • Colorado
      • Teller Co.
    		Min Rec 36:2 pp143-185
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
    		Washington H., 1898. The Journal of Geology, v. VI
    • Wisconsin
    		Vickers, R. C., 1956, "Airborne and Ground Reconnaissance of Part of the Syenite Complex near Wausau, Wisconsin." U. S. G. S. Bulletin, 1042-B, p.25-44.
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