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Anorthoclase

Big Photo

Kusukidani, Wakayama Prefecture, Kinki Region, Honshu Island, Japan
© 2001 John H. Betts

Show Anorthoclase Photos (8)
Formula:
(Na,K)[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
System:TriclinicColour:white, colourless, ...
Hardness:6 - 6½
Polymorph of:IMA2007-049, Lingunite


Feldspar Group.
A alkali feldspar intermediate between low sanidine and high albite.
Occurs in high-temperature sodic volcanic and hypabyssal rocks.

Classification of Anorthoclase

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/J.07-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.FA.30

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
F : Tektosilicates without zeolitic H2O
A : Tektosilicates without additional non-tetrahedral anions
Dana 8th edition ID:76.1.1.6

76 : TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
1 : Al-Si Framework with Al-Si frameworks
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.4.4

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
4 : Aluminosilicates of Na and K
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Type Occurrence of Anorthoclase

Type Locality:Pantelleria Island, Trapani Province, Sicily, Italy
Year of Discovery:1885

Physical Properties of Anorthoclase

Colour:white, colourless, greyish pink
Streak:white
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 6½
Cleavage:Perfect

Crystallography of Anorthoclase

Crystal System:Triclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 8.28Å, b = 12.97Å, c = 7.15Å
α = 91.05°, β = 116.26°, γ = 90.15°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.638 : 1 : 0.551
Unit Cell Volume:V 688.44 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Anorthoclase

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.519 - 1.529 nβ = 1.524 - 1.534 nγ = 1.527 - 1.536
2V:Measured: 34° to 60°, Calculated: 64° to 74°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.008

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Low
Dispersion:r > v

Chemical Properties of Anorthoclase

Formula:
(Na,K)[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
Essential elements:Al, Na, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, K, Na, O, Si
Common Impurities:Fe,Ca

Relationship of Anorthoclase to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
9.FA.IMA2007-049
NaAlSi
 
3
O
 
8
9.FA.05Kaliophilite
K[AlSiO
 
4
]
9.FA.05Kalsilite
K[AlSiO
 
4
]
9.FA.05Nepheline
(Na,K)[AlSiO
 
4
]
9.FA.05Panunzite
(Na,K)[AlSiO
 
4
]
9.FA.05Trikalsilite
(Na,K)[AlSiO
 
4
]
9.FA.05Yoshiokaite
(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)O
 
4
]
9.FA.05Megakalsilite
KAlSiO
 
4
9.FA.10Malinkoite
NaBSiO
 
4
9.FA.15Virgilite
(LiAl)
 
0.6
Si
 
2.4
O
 
6
9.FA.25Lisitsynite
KBSi
 
2
O
 
6
9.FA.30Adularia
KAlSi
 
3
O
 
8
9.FA.30Buddingtonite
(NH
 
4
)[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Celsian
Ba[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Hyalophane
(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Microcline
K[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Orthoclase
K[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Sanidine
K[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Rubicline
(Rb,K)[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.30Kokchetavite
KAlSi
 
3
O
 
8
9.FA.30Monalbite
Na[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Albite
Na[AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Andesine
(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Anorthite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Bytownite
(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Labradorite
(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Oligoclase
(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Reedmergnerite
Na[BSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
9.FA.35Lingunite
(Na,Ca)AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
9.FA.40Paracelsian
Ba[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.45Svyatoslavite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.50Slawsonite
(Sr,Ca)[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
9.FA.55Lisetite
CaNa
 
2
Al
 
4
Si
 
4
O
 
16
9.FA.60Banalsite
BaNa
 
2
[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
 
2
9.FA.60Stronalsite
SrNa
 
2
[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
 
2
9.FA.65Danburite
Ca[BSiO
 
4
]
 
2
9.FA.65Maleevite
BaB
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
9.FA.65Pekovite
SrB
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
16.4.1Nepheline
(Na,K)[AlSiO
 
4
]
16.4.2Panunzite
(Na,K)[AlSiO
 
4
]
16.4.3Trikalsilite
(Na,K)[AlSiO
 
4
]
16.4.5Naujakasite
(Na,K)
 
6
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)(Al,Fe)
 
4
Si
 
8
O
 
26
16.4.6Montesommaite
(K,Na)
 
9
Al
 
9
Si
 
23
O
 
64
·10H
 
2
O

Other Names for Anorthoclase

Synonyms:
AnortoclasioAnothoseMikroklasPseudo-OrthoclaseSoda-Microcline
French names:
Anorthose
German names:
Anorthoklas
Russian names:
Анортоклаз
Varieties:
Analbite (of Winchell)Anorthoclase-Sanidine

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Anorthoclase

Reference List:Carmichael, I.S.E. and W.S. MacKenzie (1964) The lattice parameters of high-temperature triclinic sodic feldspars. Mineral. Mag., 33, 949{962.

Harlow, G.E. (1982) The anorthoclase
structures: the effects of temperature and composition. Amer. Mineral., 67, 975-996.

Kroll, H. and Knitter, R. (1991) Al, Si exchange kinetics in sanidine and anorthoclase and modeling of rock cooling paths. American Mineralogist: 76: 928-941.

Internet Links for Anorthoclase

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Anorthoclase in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Anorthoclase details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Anorthoclase

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    • Tamanghasset Province
      • Ahaggar Mts (Hoggar Mts)
        • Atakor volcanic massif
    		M. Girod, Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéral. Crist. , 1963, LXXXVI, pp. 121-125.
    M. Girod, Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéral. Crist. , 1963, LXXXVI, pp. 121-125.
    Angola
     
    • Huíla Province
      • Lubango City Council
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 1001-1024.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Victoria Land
        • Ross Island
    		http://tea.rice.edu/jroberts/12.13.1999.html
        • Transantarctic Mtns
    		Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2005, Environmental Geochemistry/Mineralogy, http://www.the-conference.com/2005/gold2005/web_pdfs/G07.pdf
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Gowen Co.
        • Warrumbungle Mountains
    		Am Min 75:694-701
      • Yungnulgra Co.
        • White Cliffs
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1991, 3, pp. 293-322.
    • Queensland
    • Tasmania
      • Huon district
    		Bottrill, RS, 1997. The Minerals of the Cygnet District. The Mineralogical Society of Tasmania Newsletter, 25, p.12
      • Waterhouse district
    		Everard, J.L., Sutherland, F.L. and Zwingmann, H., 2004a. A Cretaceous phonolite dyke from the Tomahawk River, Northeast Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 138, 11-33.
      • Weldborough district
        • Lottah Rd
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    • Victoria
      • Camperdown
    Natural History Museum Vienna collection
      • City of Greater Geelong
        • Anakie
      • Kal Kallo
      • Mortlake
    		Museum Victoria collection
      • Phillip Island
        • Kitty Miller Bay
      • Portland
        • Cape Sir William Grant
      • Terang
    Museum Victoria collection
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Koralpe Mts
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
        • Waldenstein
    Brazil
     
    • Central-West Region
      • Mato Grosso do Sul
        • Porto Murtinho
    		Geological Survey Professional Paper 327 (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1959)
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Rouville Co.
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		No reference listed
    • Saskatchewan
      • Athabasca Basin
        • Honsvall Lake
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1995, 7, pp. 1251-1272.
    Spain
     
    • Canary Islands
      • Las Palmas Province
        • Gran Canaria (Grand Canary)
    		V.R. Troll et al. , Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , 2003, 145, PP. 730-741.
            • Playa de Mogán
    		Christof Schäfer
    Christof Schäfer
          • Playa del Inglés
            • Arguineguin
    		christof Schäfer
    China
     
    • Hebei Province
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189, 174 pp.
    • Nei Mongol Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia)
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189
    • Shandong Province
      • Zibo Prefecture
        • Zhangdian District
    		Da-Xin Li and Yi-Ming Zhao (1997): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 16(1), 44-49.
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Bayin'gholin (Bayingolin; Bayinguoleng) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Ruoqiang (Qakilik; Chaqiliq) Co.
    		Xiao Huiliang, Zhou Jiyuan, Wang Henian, Cui Bingfang, and Chen Shizhong (2003): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 22(3), 280-288.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Ústí Region
        • Most
          • Želenice
    		Pazdernik, P.: Compositional variations in the sodalite-bearing nephelinite phonolite from Želenický vrch Hill, North Bohemia. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1997, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 65-79.
    Eritrea
     
    • Semenawi Keyih Bahri (Northern Red Sea) Region
      • Alid volcanic center
    		Journal of Petrology, Vol. 38, Nb 12, 1997, pp. 1707-1721.
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Cantal
        • Cantal Mts
          • Menet
    		J. Aubouin, R. Brousse, J.P. Lehman : "Précis de Géologie", Dunod, 1967
      • Haute-Loire
        • Le Puy-en-Velay
          • Espaly-Saint-Marcel
    		Blanc Y, Mergoil-Daniel J, Tempier P (1973) Bull. SFMC 96: 388-391
        • Solignac-sur-Loire
          • Le Brignon
    		Y. Blanc, J. Mergoil-Daniel, P. Tempier : "Découverte de néphéline en mégacristaux et d'enclaves à néphéline et anorthose dans des projections volcaniques du Devès (Haute-Loire, France)", Bull. Soc. Fr. minéral. Cristallogr. , 1973, 96, 388-391
    • Centre
      • Cher
        • Sancerre-Couy drilling
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 85-96.
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Rhône
        • Lyon
          • First District
    		G. Demarcq, 1973, "Guides Géologiques Régionaux : Lyonnais, Vallée du Rhöne" , Masson.
    Germany
     
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Siebengebirge
        • Königswinter
    		[var: Anorthoclase-Sanidine] Engels, A., (1936): Zur chemischen Zusammensetzung des Sanidin-Anorthoklases vom Drachenfels, Zbl. Miner., 9-13
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Gerolstein
          • Rockeskyll
    		El-Kaluoby, B., Mineralbestand und Gefüge vulkanischer Glimmerschiefer-Auswürflinge des Kyller Kopfes, Westeifel, Diss., Rhein. Fried.-Wilh.-Universität, Bonn, 1981
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Rath, G. v., Die chemische Zusammensetzung des Laacher Sanidins, Ann. Phys. Chem. 135, 1868
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Rath, G. v., Die chemische Zusammensetzung des Laacher Sanidins, Ann. Phys. Chem. 135, 1868
    Rath, G. v., Die chemische Zusammensetzung des Laacher Sanidins, Ann. Phys. Chem. 135, 1868
              • Wingertsberg Mt.
    		Rath, G. v., Die chemische Zusammensetzung des Laacher Sanidins, Ann. Phys. Chem. 135, 1868
          • Niederzissen
            • Glees
    		Rath, G. v., Die chemische Zusammensetzung des Laacher Sanidins, Ann. Phys. Chem. 135 ,1868
        • Niederzissen
          • Glees
    		Brauns, R., (1922): Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Lübeck
        • Travemünde
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
    		No reference listed
        • Qaqortoq (Julianehåb)
    		Journal of the Geological Society, 1981, Vol. 138, N° 3, pp. 289-306.
    Honduras
     
    • Santa Bárbara Department
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/latam.htm
    Hungary
     
    • Nógrád Co.
      • Karancs-Medves Mts.
        • Salgótarján
        • Szilaspagony
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Antrona Valley
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 23 (1), 42-49
    • Sicily
      • Trapani Province
    		No reference listed
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
    		Oretti F.G., Pierini G. (1987) - La Cava Maffei di Botro ai Marmi (Campiglia Marittima - LI) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, fasc. 1, pp.27-30
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza Province
    		Mariani P., Scaini G.: "I minerali d'Italia" - Rizzoli, 1978 - and A. Del Caldo, C. Del Moro, C.M. Gramaccioli, M. Boscardin M. "Guida ai Minerali" Fabbri ed. Milano, 1981
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kinki Region
        • Wakayama Prefecture
    		[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    • Nansei Archipelago
      • Kagoshima Prefecture
    Kazakhstan
     
    New Zealand
     
    • Mayor Island (Tuhua)
    		NZJGG, 2003, 46: 581-590. NZJGG, 1991, 34: 337-340. NZJGG, 1981, 24: 449-467
    NZJGG, 2003, 46: 581-590. NZJGG, 1991, 34: 337-340. NZJGG, 1981, 24: 449-467
    NZJGG, 2003, 46: 581-590. NZJGG, 1991, 34: 337-340. NZJGG, 1981, 24: 449-467
    • North Island
      • Kakanui
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    North Korea
     
    • South Hamgyong Province
    		Shinichi Kato collection
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Kongsberg
        • Lake Mykle
          • Dammen
    		NGU Bulletin, 442, 2004, pp. 23-28.
    NGU Bulletin, 442, 2004, pp. 23-28.
    • Jan Mayen Island
    		www.albany.edu/geosciences/cwhitems.html.
    • Oslo
      • Grorud
    		Brøgger, W.C. (1894) Die Eruptivgesteine des Kristianiagebietes. 1. Die Gesteine der Grorudit - Tinguait - Serie. (Videnskabsselskabets Skrifter I. Mat.-Naturv. Kl. 1894, no. 4) p. 10
    Peru
     
    • Puno Department
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1994, 6, pp. 145-150.
    Poland
     
    • Opolskie
      • Opole
        • Gracze quarry
    		W. Szeliga, Mineralogical Society of Poland, Special Papers, 2004, V 24, pp. 369-372.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
          • Turii Cape
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/tury.htm
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Cérová Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    M. Huraiova et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 901-916.
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Murchison Range
        • Gravelotte
          • Letaba District
            • Mpande farm
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Aragón
      • Huesca
        • Camporrells
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    Sweden
     
    • Småland
      • Jönköping
        • Gränna
    		Hans Thulin: Litofilen , Sweden 13, 1996
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Isle of Skye
          • Luib
      • Strathclyde (Argyllshire)
        • Isle of Mull
    		B.G.J. Upton et al. , Journal of the Geological Society, 1998, V 155, N° 5, pp 813-828.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Apache Co.
        • Buell Park
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 114.
      • Gila Co.
        • San Carlos Indian Reservation
          • San Carlos
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 114; Garcia, M.O., et al (1980), Volatiles in Ti-rich amphibole megacrysts, southwestern USA, Am.Min.: 65: 306-312.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 221, 406; Caporuscio, F.A. (1980), Alkalic lavas from the San Carlos, Arizona province (abstract), Amer. Geophys. Union, 1979 Fall annual meeting.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 114; Garcia, M.O., et al (1980), Volatiles in Ti-rich amphibole megacrysts, southwestern USA, Am.Min.: 65: 306-312.
    • Arkansas
      • Hot Spring Co.
    • Colorado
      • Clear Creek Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Teller Co.
    		Min Rec 36:2 pp143-185
    • Maine
      • Cumberland Co.
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V.1
      • York Co.
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V.1
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
    		Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
      • Worcester Co.
    		Emerson, 1917. Geology of MA & RI, p.236.
    • Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Lynn District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Kanes Spring Wash
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Washoe Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
        • Robinson District
          • Ely
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Frondel, C.: Minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, NJ - a checklist (1972); Dunn(1995):Pt4:509.
      • Union Co.
        • Springfield
    		The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 5, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 93.
    • New Mexico
      • Colfax Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Doña Ana Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
      • Eddy Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Luna Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Otero Co.
        • Cornudas Mountains
    A Listing of North Carolina Minerals- Leonard S. Wiener and Sigrid Ballew-1995
      • Halifax Co.
    		Philip M. Brown,Chief Geologist, 1985 Geological Map of North Carolina
    Philip M. Brown, Chief Geologist, 1985, Geological Map of North Carolina
    • Oklahoma
      • Comanche Co.
        • Wichita Mts
    		J.D. Price et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 435-451.
    • Pennsylvania
      • Lebanon Co.
        • Cornwall
    		Lapham & Geyer, 1965. Mineral Collecting in Pennsylvania
    • South Dakota
      • Lawrence Co.
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
          • Balmoral
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    • Texas
      • Brewster Co.
        • Big Bend National Park
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
      • Lubbock Co.
    • Utah
      • Tooele Co.
        • Deep Creek Mts
          • Gold Hill District (Clifton District)
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Vermont
      • Rutland Co.
        • Shrewsbury
          • Cuttingsville
    		Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996)
    • Virginia
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Wisconsin
      • Dodge Co.
        • Iron Ridge District (Neda Iron District)
    		Rocks & Min. Vol. 73 (1998)
      • Marathon Co.
        • Stettin pluton
    		R&M 73:11-12 pp 378-399 Wisconsin Mineral Locality Index
        • Wausau pluton
    		R&M 73:11-12 pp 378-399 Wisconsin Mineral Locality Index
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