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Magnesioferrite

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Orberg Quarry, Orberg - Badberg area, Schelingen, Kaiserstuhl, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

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Formula:
MgFe
3+
2
O
 
4
System:IsometricColour:Black, grey in reflected ...
Lustre:Metallic, Sub-MetallicHardness:5½ - 6½
Member of:Spinel Group
Name:In allusion to its composition, containing both MAGESIum and iron (Latin = FERRum).


Spinel Group, Fe series. Magnesioferrite-Magnetite Series.

Classification of Magnesioferrite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/B.02-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.BB.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:7.2.2.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.20.11

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
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Type Occurrence of Magnesioferrite

Type Locality:Mt Vesuvius, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy
Year of Discovery:1859

Physical Properties of Magnesioferrite

Lustre:Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Black, grey in reflected light.
Streak:Dark red
Hardness (Mohs):5½ - 6½
Tenacity:Brittle
Parting:On {111}.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):4.56 - 4.65 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.51 g/cm3

Crystallography of Magnesioferrite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:Fd3m {F41/d 3 2/m}
Cell Parameters:a = 8.3866Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 589.87 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Rare crystals usually octahedral; less often with modifying {001} or {hhl}. Massive.
Twinning:Common on {111}.

Optical Data of Magnesioferrite

Type:Isotropic
Type:Isotropic

Chemical Properties of Magnesioferrite

Formula:
MgFe
3+
2
O
 
4
Essential elements:Fe, Mg, O
All elements listed in formula:Fe, Mg, O

Relationship of Magnesioferrite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Magnetite (see here)
Member of:Spinel Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Brunogeierite
Fe
2+
2
Ge
4+
 
O
 
4
Chromite
Fe
2+
 
Cr
3+
2
O
 
4
Cochromite
(Co,Ni,Fe)(Cr,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
Coulsonite
Fe
2+
 
V
3+
2
O
 
4
Cuprospinel
Cu
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
Filipstadite
(Mn,Mg)
 
2
(Sb
 
.5
Fe
 
.5
)O
 
4
Franklinite
Zn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
Gahnite
ZnAl
 
2
O
 
4
Galaxite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)(Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
Hercynite
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
O
 
4
Jacobsite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
Magnesiochromite
Mg(Cr,Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
Magnesiocoulsonite
MgV
 
2
O
 
4
Magnetite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
Manganochromite
(Mn,Fe)(Cr,V)
 
2
O
 
4
Nichromite
(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
Qandilite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)O
 
4
Spinel
MgAl
 
2
O
 
4
Trevorite
Ni
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
Ulvöspinel
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
4
Vuorelainenite
(Mn,Fe)(V,Cr)
 
2
O
 
4
Zincochromite
ZnCr
 
2
O
 
4
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.BB.05Brunogeierite
Fe
2+
2
Ge
4+
 
O
 
4
4.BB.05Chromite
Fe
2+
 
Cr
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Cochromite
(Co,Ni,Fe)(Cr,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Coulsonite
Fe
2+
 
V
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Cuprospinel
Cu
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Filipstadite
(Mn,Mg)
 
2
(Sb
 
.5
Fe
 
.5
)O
 
4
4.BB.05Franklinite
Zn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Gahnite
ZnAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Galaxite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)(Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Hercynite
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Jacobsite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Manganochromite
(Mn,Fe)(Cr,V)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesiocoulsonite
MgV
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesiochromite
Mg(Cr,Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnetite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Nichromite
(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Qandilite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)O
 
4
4.BB.05Spinel
MgAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Trevorite
Ni
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Ulvöspinel
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
4
4.BB.05Vuorelainenite
(Mn,Fe)(V,Cr)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Zincochromite
ZnCr
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hausmannite
MnMn
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hydrohetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
4.BB.10Iwakiite
Mn(Fe,Mn)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.15Maghemite
Fe
3+
2
O
 
3
4.BB.15Titanomaghemite
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,◻)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.20Tegengrenite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Sb
5+
0.5
(Mn
3+
 
,Si,Ti)
 
0.5
O
 
4
4.BB.25Xieite
Fe
2+
 
Cr
 
2
O
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.20.1Wüstite
FeO
7.20.2Magnetite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
7.20.3Maghemite
Fe
3+
2
O
 
3
7.20.4Hematite
Fe
 
2
O
 
3
7.20.5Goethite
α-Fe
3+
 
O(OH)
7.20.6Akaganeite
β-Fe
3+
 
O(OH,Cl)
7.20.7Feroxyhyte
Fe
3+
 
O(OH)
7.20.8Lepidocrocite
γ-Fe
3+
 
O(OH)
7.20.9Ferrihydrite
Fe
3+
5
O
 
3
(OH)
 
9
7.20.10Amakinite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(OH)
 
2
7.20.12Muskoxite
Mg
 
7
Fe
 
4
O
 
13
 · 10H
 
2
O
7.20.13Srebrodolskite
Ca
 
2
Fe
3+
2
O
 
5
7.20.14Hercynite
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
O
 
4
7.20.15Brownmillerite
Ca
 
2
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
5

Other Names for Magnesioferrite

Other Languages:
German:Magneferrit
Magnesioferrit
Magnoferrit
Russian:Магнезиоферрит
Simplified Chinese:镁铁矿
Spanish:Magnesioferrita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Magnesioferrite

Reference List:

- +
Rammelsberg, C. (1858): Über die Zusammensetzung des Titaneisens sowie der rhomboedrisch und oktaedrisch krystallisierten Eisenoxyde überhaupt. VII, Octaedrisches Eisenerz vom Vesuv. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Vol. 180/F2-104, 497-552.

Rammelsberg, C. (1859): Über den sogenannten octaedrischen Eisenglanz vom Vesuv und über die Bildung von Magneteisen durch Sublimation. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Vol. 183/F2-107, 451-455.

Kenngott (1859), Ueb.: 98.

Kenngott (1860): 96.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 698-707.

Mao, H.K., & P.M. Bell (1974), High-pressure transformation in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4). Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book: 75: 555-557.

Mao, H.K., D. Virgo, & P.M. Bell (1977), High-pressure 57Fe Mössbauer data on the phase and magnetic transitions of magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4), magnetite (Fe3O4), and hematite (Fe2O3). Carnegie Instsitution of Washington Year Book: 76: 522-525.

Arkiv för Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi: 5(1): 1-10.

O'Neill, H. St.C, H. Annersten, & D. Virgo (1992): The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mössbauer spectroscopy: American Mineralogist: 77: 725-740.

Sokolova, E. V.; Pushcharovskii, D. Yu.; Chesnokov, B. V. (1993): Crystal structure of tectonogenic magnesioferrite. Kristallografiya 38, 233-235.

O'Neill, H.St.C. (1994) Kinetics of cation order-disorder in MgFe2O4 spinel European Science Foundation Program on Kinetic Processes in Minerals and Ceramics, Proceedings of the Workshop on Kinetics of Caton Ordering, Cambridge, England.

Harrison, R.J. and Putnis, A. (1999) Determination of the mechanism of cation ordering in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from the time- and temperature-dependence of magnetic susceptibility. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 26: 322-332.

Andrault, D., & Bolfan-Casanova, N. (2001), High-pressure phase transformation in the MgFe2O4 and Fe2O3-MgSiO3 systems: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 28: 211-217.

Andreozzi, G.B., Halenius, U., and Skogby, H. (2001) Spectroscopic active IVFe 3+-VIFe 3+ clusters in spinel-magnesioferrite solid solution crystals: a potential monitor for ordering in oxide spinels. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 28: 435-444.

Wang, Z., P. Lazor, S.K. Saxena, & H.St.C O'Neill (2002), High pressure Raman spectroscopy of ferrite MgFe2O4. Materials Research Bulletin: 37: 1589-1602.

Antao, S.M., Hassan, L., and Parise, J.B. (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite MgFe2O4, to 982° C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. American Mineralogist: 90: 219-228.

Winell, Sofia, Hans Anmnersten, & Vitali Prakapenka (2006), The high-pressure phase transformation and breakdown of MgFe2O4: American Mineralogist: 91: 560-567.

Internet Links for Magnesioferrite

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    • Localities for Magnesioferrite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Millstatt lake ridge
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Styria
      • Bad Gleichenberg
        • Wilhelmsdorf
    		Postl, W. & Bernhard, F. (2011
      • Bad Radkersburg
        • Klöch
    		"Aus der Tiefe der Vulkane", Fritz-Jandl-Postl (2011)
      • Frohnleiten
        • Kirchdorf
    		Kolitsch, U. & Brandstätter, F. (2009): 1608) Magensioferrit, Pyroaurit und Tochilinit vom Kirchdorftunnel der Brucker Schnellstraße, Steiermark. P. 226-227 in: Niedermayr, G. et al. (2009): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVIII. Carinthia II, 199/119, 189-236.
    Bolivia
     
    • Cochabamba Department
      • Chapare Province
    		Alfredo Petrov collection. XRD by Dr. Jaroslav Hyrsl (Karlovy University, Prague); Sp. Gr.
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Prince Edward Co.
    		Canadian Mineralogist: 23: 213-220
    • Québec
      • Laurentides
        • Deux-Montagnes RCM
          • Oka
    		GOLD, D.P., EBY, G.N. & VALLEÉ, M. (1986) Carbonatites, diatremes and ultra-alkaline rocks in the Oka area. Fieldtrip guidebook 21, GAC/MAC Meeting, Ottawa, 51p.
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Bozhou Prefecture
        • Qiaocheng District
          • Xiaoyanzhuang
    		Kuiren Wang (1987): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 7(2), 107-112
      • Huaibei Prefecture
        • Suixi Co.
          • Sanpu ore field
    		Yiming Zhao, Yinan Zhang, and Chengsi Bi (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 14, 227-249.; Yiming Zhao, Yinan Zhang, Chengsi Bi, and Lihe Guo (1998): Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 72(4), 382-391
    Yiming Zhao and Daxin Li (2003): Mineral Deposits 22(4), 345-359
    • Hebei Province
      • Handan Prefecture
        • Wu'an Co.
    		Jianmin Zheng, Jingwen Mao, Maohong Chen, Guangdong Li, and Changyong Ban (2007): Geological Bulletin of China 26(2), 150-154
    • Shaanxi Province
      • Shangluo Prefecture
        • Luonan Co.
    		Yiming Zhao, Yinan Zhang, Chengsi Bi, and Lihe Guo (1998): Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 72(4), 382-391
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Ústí Region
        • Bílina (Bilin)
    		Řehoř M, Novák V.: Nálezy magnezioferitu v oblasti mostecké pánve. Minerál, 2010, 18, 1, 72-74.
        • Duchcov (Dux)
    		Žáček V., Skála R., Chlupáčová M., Dvořák Z. 2005: Ca-Fe3+-rich, Si-undersaturated buchite from Želénky, North-Bohemian Brown Coal Basin, Czech Republic. Eur. J. Mineral., 17, 623-633
        • Kadaň (Kaaden)
          • Tušimice
    		Řehoř M, Novák V.: Nálezy magnezioferitu v oblasti mostecké pánve. Minerál, 2010, 18, 1, 72-74.
        • Most
    		Žáček V, Skála R., Dvořák Z.: Spinelidy v pyrometamorfovaných horninách Mostecké pánve. Minerál, 2010, 18, 1, 21-31.
    Řehoř M, Novák V.: Nálezy magnezioferitu v oblasti mostecké pánve. Minerál, 2010, 18, 1, 72-74.
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Aveyron
    		Eytier J.R. & Ch., Favreau G., Devouard B., Vigier J. (2004), Minéraux de pyrométamorphisme de Lapanouse-de Sévérac (Aveyron), Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°85, pp: 3-58
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Kaiserstuhl
        • Schelingen
          • Orberg - Badberg area
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Andernach
          • Eich
    		Blass, G., Graf, HW., Neufunde von bekannten Fundorten (VIII), Mineralien-Welt 5/1993
          • Nickenich
    		Hand Egon Künzel, Günter Blaß, Willi Schüller (2011) Mineralien - Bomben - Grottensteine: Der Nickenicher Weinberg. Lapis, 36, #7-8, 55-66
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
            • Bellerberg volcano
    		[Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Neue Mineralienfunde aus der Eifel und dem Siegerland, Mineralien-Welt 10/3, 23, 1999] [A. Wittern: Mineralfundorte in Deutschland, Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001]
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Israel
     
    • Negev
    		Sharygin, V.V., Sokol, E.V. & Vapnik, Ye. (2008): Minerals of the pseudobinary perovskite-brownmillerite series from combustion metamorphic larnite rocks of the Hatrurim Formation (Israel). Russian Geology and Geophysics 49, 709-726.
    Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
          • Monte Somma
            • Sant'Anastasia
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    Rammelsberg, C. (1858): Über die Zusammensetzung des Titaneisens sowie der rhomboedrisch und oktaedrisch krystallisierten Eisenoxyde überhaupt, VII Octaedrisches Eisenerz vom Vesuv, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Vol. 180/F2-104, 497-552.
            • Torre del Greco
    		Russo, M. (2003): Mineralogia Vesuviana - Villa Inglese. Micro (località), 2003, 1-10
    • Latium
      • Rome Province
        • Alban Hills
          • Marino
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
        • Rome
    		Bachechi F., Federico M., Fornaseri M. (1966) - Prima segnalazione di ludwigite e di magnesioferrite nelle geodi delle "pozzolane nere" di Corcolle (regione vulcanica dei Colli Albani). Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma p. 717. ; Bachechi F., Federico M., Fornaseri M. (1966) - La ludwigite e i minerali che l'accompagnano nelle geodi delle "pozzolane nere" di Corcolle (Tivoli, Colli Albani). Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma pp. 975-1022., AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    • Sicily
      • Catania Province
        • Etna Volcanic Complex
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
      • Messina Province
        • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
          • Lipari
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    MONTRASIO A., SCIESA E., VIGNOLA P. (1996) – Collezionare minerali – Hobby & Work, Ed., Milano, 800 pp.
    Campostrini, I., Demartin, F., Gramaccioli, C.M., Russo, M. (2011): Vulcano - Tre secoli di mineralogia. AMI-Associazione Micromineralogica Italiana, Cremona, Italy, 344 pp.
    • Umbria
      • Perugia Province
        • Spoleto
    		Stoppa F., Sharygin V.V., 2009. Melilitolite intrusion and pelite digestion by high temperature kamafugitic magma at Colle Fabbri, Spoleto, Italy. Lithos, 112, 306-320.
      • Terni Province
        • San Venanzo
    		Sharygin probeb
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido
      • Shiribeshi Province
    		Nagata (1982) Ganseki-Koubutsu-Koshogaku Zasshi, 77, 23-31.
    Netherlands
     
    • Limburg
      • Kerkrade
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Modum
        • Snarum
    		Jøsang, O.(1966): Geologiske og petrologiske undersøkelser i Modumfeltet. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse nr 235, 91-97
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Ząbkowice District
        • Ząbkowice (Frankenstein)
    		Sachanbiński et al. 2000: Heavy minerals in the serpentinite weathering cover of the Szklary massif. Geologia Sudetica, vol. 33, pp. 131-141.
    • Upper Silesia (Śląskie)
      • Zawiercie District
    		Koszowska E., Salata D. 2001: Minerals of the hydrotalcite group in metasomatically altered carbonate rocks from Zawiercie, S Poland. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 32, no 1, 69-84
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Zheleznogorsk
    		Mazurov, M.P., Grishina, S.N., Istomin, V.E., and Titov, A.T. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 271-284.
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
        • Kavalerovo Mining District
    		[MinRec 32:8]
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
        • Verkhnechegemskaya caldera (Verkhni Chegem caldera; Upper Chegem caldera)
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1361–1370, 2009; Galuskina, I.O., Galuskin, E.V., Dzierzanowski, P., Gazeev, V.M., Prusik, K., Pertsev, N.N., Winiarski, A., Zadov, A.E., and Wrzalik, R. (2010): American Mineralogist 95(8-9), 1305-1311.
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Chelyabinsk coal basin
    		Cesnokov, B., M. Kotrly, and T. Nisanbajev (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Cesnokov, B., M. Kotrly, and T. Nisanbajev (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).
    Slovakia
     
    • Prešov Region
      • Prešov Co.
    		Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p
      • Vranov nad Topľou Co.
    		Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
    Sweden
     
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Nordmark (Nordmarksberg)
    		AmMin 80, 1065
    USA
     
    • California
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
          • Crestmore quarries
            • Sky Blue Hill
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 150.
      • San Benito Co.
        • Diablo Range
          • New Idria District
            • San Benito River headwaters area
              • Dallas Gem Mine area
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 247.
    • Idaho
      • Lemhi Co.
        • Spring Mountain District
          • Quartzite Canyon
    		Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
    • New Mexico
      • Catron Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • North Carolina
      • Jackson Co.
    		Hendl,R.A and Pendergast,W.L (1934) Olivine As A Refractory; U.S Department Of Commerce,Bureau Of Standards Research Paper RP645
    • South Carolina
      • Aiken Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Anderson Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Beaufort Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Laurens Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Spartanburg Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Utah
      • Summit Co.
        • Wasatch Mts
          • Park City District (Uinta District)
            • Ontario Mine
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Wasatch Co.
        • Blue Ledge District (Bald Mountain)
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Virginia
      • Smyth Co.
        • Iron Mountain District
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Wyoming
      • Johnson Co.
        • Buffalo
    		AmMin 72:137
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