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Manganite

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Manganese deposit, Ilfeld, Nordhausen, Harz Mts, Thuringia, Germany
© Rob Lavinsky

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Formula:
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
System:MonoclinicColour:grey-black, black
Hardness:4
Name:In allusion to the manganese content.
This page provides mineralogical data about Manganite.

Classification of Manganite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/F.06-70
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.FD.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
D : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:6.1.3.1

6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
1 : XO(OH)
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.18.7

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Manganite

Type Locality:Manganese deposit, Ilfeld, Nordhausen, Harz Mts, Thuringia, Germany
Year of Discovery:1827

Occurrences of Manganite

Geological Setting:Low temperature hydrothermal or hot spring manganese deposits. Sedimentary deposits.

Physical Properties of Manganite

Lustre:Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:grey-black, black
Streak:Reddish brown to black
Hardness (Mohs):4
Hardness (Vickers):VHN100=630 - 743 kg/mm2
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
{010} perfect; {110} and {001} good.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):4.29 - 4.34 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.38 g/cm3

Crystallography of Manganite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:a = 8.94Å, b = 5.28Å, c = 5.74Å
β = 90°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.693 : 1 : 1.087
Unit Cell Volume:V 270.95 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:Crystals striated and short to long prismatic [001] alone; by {001} with macrodomes, or by a series of macropyramids; highly modified at times. Prismatic faces deeply striated [001], and terminal {h0l} or {hkl} faces striated parallel to their mutual intersections. Crystals often grouped or markedly composite subparallel [001]. Stalactitic; granular (rare).
Twinning:1. On {011}, both as contact and penetration twins. Twinning often repeated with composition face either parallel or inclined. 2. Twin plane {100} lamellar, presenting as monoclinic symmetry for the species.
Crystal Atlas:
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Manganite no.36 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Optical Data of Manganite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 2.250(2) nβ = 2.250(2) nγ = 2.530(2)
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.280

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:Weak
Bireflectance:Distinct in grays
Dispersion:r > v extreme
Colour in reflected light:Gray-white with brown tint
Internal Reflections:Blood-red
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:X = reddish brown
Z = red brown

Chemical Properties of Manganite

Formula:
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
Essential elements:H, Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:H, Mn, O
Common Impurities:Fe,Ba,Pb,Cu,Al,Ca

Relationship of Manganite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.FD.05Spertiniite
Cu(OH)
 
2
4.FD.10Bracewellite
CrO(OH)
4.FD.10Diaspore
AlO(OH)
4.FD.10Goethite
α-Fe
3+
 
O(OH)
4.FD.10Groutite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
4.FD.10Guyanaite
CrO(OH)
4.FD.10Montroseite
(V,Fe)O(OH)
4.FD.10Tsumgallite
GaO(OH)
4.FD.20Yttrotungstite-(Y)
YW
 
2
O
 
6
(OH)
 
3
4.FD.20Yttrotungstite-(Ce)
(Ce,Nd,Y)W
 
2
O
 
6
(OH)
 
3
4.FD.20Unnamed (Nd-analogue of Yttrotungstite-(Ce) )
(Nd,Ce, La)W
 
2
O
 
6
(OH)
 
3
4.FD.25Frankhawthorneite
Cu
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|TeO
 
4
]
4.FD.30Khinite
Pb
2+
 
Cu
2+
3
(TeO
 
6
)(OH)
 
2
4.FD.30Parakhinite
Pb
2+
 
Cu
2+
3
TeO
 
6
(OH)
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.18.1Manganosite
MnO
7.18.2Hausmannite
MnMn
 
2
O
 
4
7.18.3Pyrolusite
MnO
 
2
7.18.4Ramsdellite
Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
7.18.5Akhtenskite
ε-Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
7.18.6Feitknechtite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.8Groutite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.9Nsutite
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(O,OH)
 
2
7.18.10Pyrochroite
Mn(OH)
 
2
7.18.11Birnessite
(Na,Ca)
 
0.5
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
4
 · 1.5H
 
2
O
7.18.12Aurorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ag,Ca)Mn
4+
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.18.13Cianciulliite
Mn(Mg,Mn)
 
2
Zn
 
2
(OH)
 
10
·2-4H
 
2
O

Other Names for Manganite

Synonyms:
Grau-BraunsteinerzGray Oxide of ManganeseManganaise cristalliséManganèse oxydé metalloïdeNewkirkite
Prismatoidisches Mangan-ErzSphenomanganite
Other Languages:
French:Acerdèse
German:Braunmanganerz
Glanzmanganerz
Graumanganerz
Manganit
Newkirkit
Sphenomanganit
Russian:Манганит
Spanish:Manganita
Newkirkita
Sphenomanganita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Manganite

Reference List:Haidinger (1826), Edinburgh Journal Science: 4: 41.

Buerger (1936), Zs. Kr.: 95: 163.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 646-650.

American Mineralogist (1965): 50: 1296.

Golden, D.C., C.C. Chen, and J.B. Dixon (1987), Transformation of birnessite to buserite, todorokite, and manganite under mild hydrothermal treatment: Clays and Clay Minerals: 35: 271-280.

Kohler, T., Armbruster, T., and Libowitzky, E. (1997) Hydrogen bonding and Jahn-Teller distortion in groutite, α-MnOOH, and manganite, γ-MnOOH, and their relations to the manganese dioxides ramsdellite and pyrolusite. Journal of Solid State Chemistry: 133: 486-500.

Internet Links for Manganite

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    Localities for Manganite

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