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Massicot

Big Photo

Clara Mine, Rankach valley, Oberwolfach, Wolfach, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Massicot Photos (6)
Formula:
PbO
System:OrthorhombicColour:Sulphur- to ...
Hardness:2
Name:Derived from early arabic, through spanish mazacote and the French name for oxide of lead.
This page provides mineralogical data about Massicot.

Classification of Massicot

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/A.06-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.AC.25

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
C : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with large cations (+- smaller ones)
Dana 8th edition ID:4.2.7.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
2 : AX
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.11.20

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
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Type Occurrence of Massicot

Type Locality:Binsfeldhammer lead smelter (slag locality), Stolberg, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Year of Discovery:1841

Occurrences of Massicot

Geological Setting:As an alteration product of lead minerals.

Physical Properties of Massicot

Lustre:Greasy, Dull
Colour:Sulphur- to orpiment-yellow, sometimes with a reddish tint. Nearly colourless to pale yellow in transmitted light.
Streak:Yellow
Hardness (Mohs):2
Density (measured):9.56 g/cm3
Density (calculated):9.64 g/cm3

Crystallography of Massicot

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Cmmm {C2/m 2/m 2/m}
Cell Parameters:a = 5.4903(1) Å, b = 5.892Å, c = 4.752Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.932 : 1 : 0.807
Unit Cell Volume:V 153.72 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Massive, earthy to scaly. Artificial crystals are tabular {100}.
Twinning:Observed on artificial crystals.

Optical Data of Massicot

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 2.510 nβ = 2.610 nγ = 2.710
2V:Measured: 90° , Calculated: 86°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.200

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:Strong
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:Y = light sulfur yellow
Z = deep yellow

Chemical Properties of Massicot

Formula:
PbO
Essential elements:O, Pb
All elements listed in formula:O, Pb

Relationship of Massicot to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.AC.05Swedenborgite
NaBe
 
4
SbO
 
7
4.AC.10Brownmillerite
Ca
 
2
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
5
4.AC.10Srebrodolskite
Ca
 
2
Fe
 
2
O
 
5
4.AC.15Montroydite
HgO
4.AC.20Litharge
PbO
4.AC.20Romarchite
SnO
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.11.1Romarchite
SnO
7.11.2Cassiterite
SnO
 
2
7.11.4Schoenfliesite
Mg[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.5Burtite
Ca[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.6Vismirnovite
Zn[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.7Wickmanite
Mn
2+
 
[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.8Tetrawickmanite
Mn
2+
 
[Sn
4+
 
(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.9Jeanbandyite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)[Sn
4+
 
(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.10Natanite
Fe
2+
 
[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.11Mushistonite
(Cu,Zn,Fe
2+
 
)[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.12Ferronigerite-2N1S
Sn(Fe,Mg)Al
 
6
O
 
11
(OH)
7.11.13Magnesionigerite
7.11.14Argutite
GeO
 
2
7.11.15Brunogeierite
(Ge,Fe)Fe
 
2
O
 
4
7.11.16Stottite
Fe
2+
 
[Ge
4+
 
(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.17Carboirite
FeAl
 
2
GeO
 
5
(OH)
 
2
7.11.18Otjisumeite
PbGe
 
4
O
 
9
7.11.19Bartelkeite
PbFe
2+
 
Ge
 
3
O
 
8
7.11.21Litharge
PbO
7.11.22Minium
Pb
 
3
O
 
4
7.11.23Plattnerite
PbO
 
2
7.11.24Scrutinyite
alpha-PbO
 
2
7.11.25Murdochite
PbCu
 
6
O
 
8-x
(Cl,Br)
 
2x
 x<=0.5
7.11.26Macedonite
PbTiO
 
3
7.11.27Cesàrolite
PbH
 
2
Mn
 
3
O
 
8
7.11.28Coronadite
Pb(Mn,Mn)
 
8
O
 
16
7.11.29Quenselite
PbMnO
 
2
(OH)
7.11.30Plumboferrite
Pb
 
2
Fe
3+
11-x
Mn
2+
x
O
 
19-2x
, x = 1/3
7.11.31Magnetoplumbite
(Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)
 
12
O
 
19
7.11.32Senaite
Pb(Ti,Fe,Mn)
 
21
O
 
38

Other Names for Massicot

Synonyms:
ChrysitinLead monoxideLead ocherMasicotiteMassicolite
MassicottiteMasticotPiombo ossidato
Other Languages:
French:Plomb oxidé jaune
German:Bleiglätte
Bleioxyd
Masicotit
Massicolit
Massicottit
Silberglätte
Italian:Massicot
Russian:Массикот
Slovak:Masikot
Spanish:Litarjirio nativo
Masicotita
Massicolita
Massicottita

Other Information

Health Warning:Contains lead - always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest.

References for Massicot

Reference List:Huot (1841): 346.

Weisbach (1875): 54.

D'Achiardi (1883): 1: 221.

Larsen, E.S. (1917), Massicot and litharge, the two modifications of lead monoxide: American Mineralogist: 2: 18-19.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 516-517.

Acta Crystallographica (1985): C41: 1281-1284.

Internet Links for Massicot

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  • Massicot details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Massicot

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Queensland
    		[MinRec 19 p469-490 - "Sielecki, R: The Mount Isa-Cloncurry mineral field"]
    • South Australia
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Wirrealpa homestead area
    • Tasmania
      • Waratah district
        • Magnet
    		Dana 7:II:653.
    • Western Australia
      • Carlton Hill
    		Lead, Zinc and Silver Deposits of Western Australia, 1999
    Austria
     
    • Styria
      • Niedere Tauern Mts
        • Öblarn
          • Walchen
    		[Lapis 1992: 2 p.19-30]
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • Antofagasta Province
        • Cerro Palestina
          • Estación Cerro Negro
            • Magallanes district
    		W. T Holberton (1920): \"Report of silver and lead mine of the Sociedad Minera Cerro el Plomo, Antofagasta\": Sernageomin, Stgo de Chile.
    China
     
    • Sichuan Province
      • Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Mianning Co.
    		Zengqian Hou, Shihong Tian, Yuling Xie, Zhusen Yang, Zhongxin Yuan, Shuping Yin, Longsheng Yi, Hongcai Fei, Tianren Zou, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2009): Ore Geology Reviews (in press)
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
      • Kipushi
    		No reference listed
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Bas-Rhin
        • Villé Valley
          • Urbeis
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997; Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994
    Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne),1997; Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch)
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Brittany
      • Finistère
        • Poullaouen
    		Germain C., Leydet J-C., Saget Ph. (1990), Les minéraux de néoformation de Huelgoat (Finistère), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, 3-16
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Lozère
    		No reference listed
    • Lorraine
      • Vosges
        • La-Croix-aux-Mines District
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Rhône
        • Monsols
    		Favreau G., Legris J-R., Dardillac M. (1996), La Verrière (Rhône): Histoire et Minéralogie, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp:3-28
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Badenweiler
          • Badenweiler Pb mining District
            • Sehringen
    		Schlomann, C. and Steen, H. (1990) Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Bergbaugebiet von Badenweiler im Südschwarzwald. Lapis, 15 (12), 13-20; 50. (in German)
    S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Schapbach
          • Wildschapbach valley
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		U. Kolitsch (2000): An assemblage of lead compounds originated due to the influence of concrete from the Clara mine in Middle Black Forest. Erzgräber 14, 48-53. (in German); U. Kolitsch, J. Gröbner, G. Blaß and H.-W. Graf (2007): Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald (III): Cerianit-(Ce), Dravit, Florencit-(La), Gilmarit, Olenit und Scotlandit. Lapis 32, 19-23, 70.
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Oberschulenberg
    		No reference listed
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		No reference listed
        • Lautenthal
    		No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Aachen
        • Stolberg
      • Bergisches Land
        • Engelskirchen
          • Loope
    		Habel, B. & Linder, R. (2009): Die Grube \"Castor\" bei Loope und ihre Mineralien. Mineralien-Welt 20 (3), 10-23
      • Eifel Mts
        • Mechernich
          • Kall
      • Sauerland
        • Arnsberg
          • Hüsten
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
        • Sundern
          • Bönkhausen
    		Lapis, 14 (2), 22-27+33+42.
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Prüm
          • Bleialf
    		Lapis, 16(2), 13-18+58.
      • Westerwald
        • Rheinbreitbach
    		Schnorrer-Köhler, G., (1988): Mineralogische Notizen IV, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 39, 153-168
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Ehrenfriedersdorf
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Zschopau
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Megala Pefka area
            • Megala Pefka Mines
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
        • Lavrion District slag localities
          • Oxygon area
    		No reference listed
          • Passa Limani area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals of the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		[Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23,58]
    • Liguria
      • Savona Province
        • Castelvecchio di Rocca Barbena
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
        • Rialto
          • Melogno
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    • Sardinia
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Domusnovas
          • Oridda
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
        • Fluminimaggiore
          • Oridda Valley
    		Mariani P., Scaini G.: "I minerali d'Italia" - Rizzoli, 1978 and A. Del Caldo, C. Del Moro, C.M. Gramaccioli, M. Boscardin M. "Guida ai Minerali" Fabbri ed. Milano, 1981 and De Michele V. (1975) – Guida Mineralogica d’Italia – Ist. Geogr. De Agostini, Novara
    • Stara, P. Rizzo, R., Tanca, G., Vinci A. (1994): Su Zurfuru. 1° parte. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1993, 215-236.
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Arbus
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    Madagascar
     
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Amoron'i Mania Region
        • Ambositra District
          • Manandriana Commune
    		Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Geologique A. 1871
    • Mahajanga (Majunga) Province
      • Betsiboka Region
        • Tsaratanàna District
    		Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la Minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive, p 48
    Mexico
     
    • Aguascalientes
      • Mun. de Asientos
        • Asientos
    		Panczner(1987): 77-265.
    • Baja California Norte
      • Mun. de Ensenada
        • El Alamo
    		Panczner(1987):265.
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aquiles Serdán
        • Santa Eulalia District
          • East Camp
    		Panczner (1987): 77-395.
      • Mun. de Batopilas
        • Andres del Rio District
    		Wilson, W. and Panczner, C., 1986, Batopilas, Mineralogical Record, v 17: 61-80.
      • Mun. de Cusihuiriáchic
        • Cusihuiriáchic
    		Panczner (1987): 118-310.
      • Mun. de Santa Bárbara
        • Santa Bárbara
    		Panczner (1987): 266.
    • Durango
      • Mun. de Guanaceví
        • Guanaceví
    		Panczner(1987):266.
    Panczner(1987):266.
    Panczner (1987): 266.
    Panczner (1987): 266.
      • Mun. de Mapimí
        • Mapimí
    		No reference listed
    • Guanajuato
      • Mun. de San Luis de la Paz
        • Mineral de Pozos
    		Panczner (1987): 79-343.
    Panczner (1987): 266.
    • Guerrero
      • Mun. de Arcelia
        • Campo Morado
    		Panczner(1987): 266.
    Panczner (1987): 266.
    • Hidalgo
      • Mun. de Zimapán
        • Zimapán
    		Panczner(1987):142-317.
    Panczner(1987): 93-396.
    • Jalisco
      • Mun. de Bolaños
        • Bolaños
    		Panczner(1987):266.
    Panczner (1987):80-393; Dana 7:I:518.
    • Oaxaca
      • Mun. de San Jerónimo Taviche
        • San Jerónimo Taviche (Taviche; San Jerónimo Tabiche)
    		Panczner(1987): 266.
    Panczner (1987): 266.
    • Puebla
      • Mun. de Tlanalapan
        • Matamoras
    		Panczner(1987):266.
    • Queretaro
      • Mun. de San Juan del Río
        • San Pedro Ahuacatlán (Ahuacatlán)
    		Panczner(1987):266.
    Panczner (1987):266.
    Panczner (1987): 266.
    • San Luis Potosí
      • Mun. de Catorce
        • Catorce (Real de Catorce)
    		Panczner(1987):82-389.
    Panczner (1987): 267.
      • Mun. de Villa de La Paz
        • La Paz
    		Panczner(1987): 267.
    Panczner (1987): 267.
    • Sonora
      • Mun. de Cumpas
        • Cumpas
    		Panczner (1987): 267.
      • Mun. de Sahuaripa
        • Mulatos
    		Panczner(1987):267.
    Panczner(1987):267.
    Panczner (1987): 267.
      • Mun. de Soyopa
        • San Antonio de la Huerta
    		Panczner (1987): 267.
    • Zacatecas
      • Mun. de Concepción del Oro
        • Albarradón
    		Panczner(1987):267.
        • Aranzazú
    		Panczner(1987):267.
    Panczner (1987): 267.
    Panczner (1987): 267.
      • Mun. de Mazapil
        • Mazapil
    		Panczner (1987): 267.
        • Santa Rosa
    		Panczner (1987): 143-398.
      • Mun. de Zacatecas
        • Zacatecas
    		Panczner(1987):267.
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		No reference listed
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Otavi
    		[MinRecord 28:124]
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Te Aroha
    		Courtney, S.F., King, P. & Rodgers, K.A., (1990). A Check List of Minerals from the Tui Mine, Te Aroha, New Zealand. New Zealand Natural Sciences 17: 95-98.
    Norway
     
    • Sør-Trøndelag
      • Hitra Island
    		Witsø, T.(1998): Minium og massicotitt. STEIN 25 (2), 30
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Jelšava
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    • Žilina Region
      • Northern Low Tatra Mts
    		Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p
    Slovenia
     
    Rečnik, A. et al. (2009): Mežica in Slowenien. Mineralien-Welt 20 (4), 40-83
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northwest Province
      • Carolina District
    		Minerals of South Africa
      • Marico District
    		Rocks & Min.: 20:429.
    Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Ciudad Real
        • Minas de Horcajo
    		Sáinz de Baranda, B., Palero, F.J., García, G. (2004): El Horcajo, las piromorfitas más famosas del mundo. Bocamina, 13, 32-68.
    Sweden
     
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
    • Västmanland
      • Sala
    UK
     
    • England
      • Derbyshire
        • Ashover
          • Milltown
    		[Rust, S. Seltene Mineralien aus dem Steinbruch Milltown bei Ashover LAPIS Mineralienmagazin 1994, 12, p.13-17, 58]
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Yukon-Koyukuk Borough
        • Kaiyuh District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • Arizona
      • Gila Co.
        • Globe-Miami District
          • Globe Hills District
            • Globe Hills
              • Globe
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290; Peterson, N.P. (1962), Geology and ore deposits of the Globe-Miami district, AZ, USGS PP 342: 72, 126; Wilson, E.D., et al (1950), Arizona zinc and lead deposits, part I, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 156: 106.
        • Mazatzal Mts
          • Payson District (Green Valley District)
            • North Peak
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290; Lausen, C. & E.D. Wilson (1925), Gold and copper deposits near Payson, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 120; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 28.
      • Graham Co.
        • Aravaipa District
          • Santa Teresa Mts
            • Klondyke
              • Grand Reef Mountain
                • Laurel Canyon
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290.
    [MinRec 27:305]
      • Greenlee Co.
        • Shannon Mts
          • Copper Mountain District (Clifton-Morenci District)
            • Morenci
    		Wilson, E.D., et al (1934), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 137: 187.
      • La Paz Co.
        • Trigo Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 28.
            • Black Rock Wash
    		Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 134: 67-68; Wilson, E.D., et al (1951), Arizona zinc and lead deposits, part II, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 158: 94.
    [MinRec 21:162]
    Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 63-64; Min.Rec.: 21: 160.
    Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 60; Min.Rec.: 21:161.
    ; Wilson, E.D. (1933), Geology and Mineral deposits of southern Yuma Co., AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 63; Min.Rec.: 21: 160.
    Rocks & Min.: 61:55-56; MinRec 21:160.
    Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 68-70; Min.Rec.: 21: 158.
    Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 64.
    Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 64-65.
            • U.S. Army Yuma Proving Grounds
              • Chloride-Mandarin-Cash Entry prospects
    		Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 134: 60-62; MinRec 21:161.
      • Maricopa Co.
        • Big Horn Mts
          • Osborn District
            • Hummingbird Spring
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290; Williams, S.A. (1968), Wickenburgite, a new mineral from Arizona, Am.Min.: 53: 1433-1438.
            • Tonopah
              • Belmont Mountain
                • Tiger Wash
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290, 300; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 28.
        • Vulture Mts
          • Vulture District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 290; Williams, S.A. (1968), Wickenburgite, a new mineral from AZ, Am.Min.: 53: 1433-1438; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 28.
      • Pima Co.
        • Tohono O'odom (Papago) Indian Reservation
          • Comobabi Mts
            • Cababi District (Comobabi District)
              • Ko Vaya
                • Mildren Mine group
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 291.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 291.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Pinal Mts
          • Pioneer District
            • Kings Crown Peak area
              • Comstock Wash
    		[MinRec 21:160]
      • Santa Cruz Co.
        • Patagonia Mts
          • Harshaw District
            • Alum Gulch
              • Flux Gulch
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 291; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 28; Schrader, F.C. & J.M. Hill (1915), Mineral deposits of the Santa Rita and Patagonia Mountains, AZ, USGS Bull. 582: 258-263.
      • Yuma Co.
        • Castle Dome Mts
          • Castle Dome District
            • Kofa Game Range
              • Adams Mine group (Adams claims)
    		Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 134: 101.
              • Castle Dome Mine group
    		Wilson, E.D., et al (1951), Arizona zinc and lead deposits, part II, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 158: 110.
        • Gila Bend Mts
          • Gila Bend Mountains District
    		Wilson, E.D. (1933), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 134: 146-147.
    • California
      • El Dorado Co.
    		Bradley, W.W. (1938), Thirty-fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Division Mines Report 34: 194; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 257.
      • Mono Co.
        • Benton Range
          • Blind Spring District (Blind Spring Hill District; Benton District)
            • Benton
              • Blind Spring Hill
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Clark Mts
          • Clark Mountain District
            • Pactolus
              • Mohawk Hill
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    • Colorado
      • Dolores Co.
    		MinRec 16:203-216
      • El Paso Co.
        • Cheyenne District (St. Peters Dome District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
      • Gunnison Co.
        • Dorchester District
          • Taylor Park
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
        • Spring Creek
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Lake Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • Connecticut
      • Fairfield Co.
    		Self-collected
      • Middlesex Co.
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State, p.234
    • Idaho
      • Shoshone Co.
        • Coeur d'Alene District
          • Kellogg
            • Bunker Hill Properties
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    Geology and Ore Deposits of Shoshone County, Idaho; Joseph B. Umpleby & E. L. Jones, Jr; 1923
    Rocks & Min. 70:261
        • Pine Creek District
          • Pinehurst
    		Geology and Ore Deposits of Shoshone County, Idaho; Joseph B. Umpleby & E. L. Jones, Jr; 1923; Ream, Lanny L. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated, p.6
    R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    Idaho Minerals (2004) L. Ream 2nd ed
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Goodsprings District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Esmeralda Co.
        • Gold Point District
    		Dana 7:I:517.
        • Goldfield District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Eureka District
          • Prospect Ridge
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
          • Ruby Hill
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Potosi District
          • Adam Peak
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Star District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Hidalgo Co.
        • Pyramid Mts
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Sierra Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Socorro Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • South Dakota
      • Lawrence Co.
        • Calabogia District
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    • Utah
      • Salt Lake Co.
        • Oquirrh Mts
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
        • Wasatch Mts
          • Little Cottonwood District (Alta District)
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Summit Co.
        • Wasatch Mts
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • East Tintic District
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Virginia
      • Wythe Co.
    		Dana 6:1073; Dana 7:I:517-518.
        • New River-Cripple Creek Region
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    No reference listed
    • Washington
      • Stevens Co.
        • Northport District
          • Gillette Mountain
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington p.68
          • Northport
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
      • Whatcom Co.
        • Mount Baker District
          • Mount Larrabee
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
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