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Antlerite

Big Photo

Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile
© Saul Krotki 2003

Show Antlerite Photos (60)
Formula:
Cu
 
3
[(OH)
 
4
|SO
 
4
]
System:OrthorhombicColour:Emerald-green to ...
Lustre:VitreousHardness:3½
Name:Named after the type locality at the Antler Mine, Mohave Co., Arizona, USA.


A secondary mineral occurring in the oxidized zone of copper deposits in arid regions.
Less common than the related and sometimes visually similar brochantite with which it may be confused.

Metastable at ambient temperature with respect to brochantite; appears to form at usually higher temperatures (60-80°C) (Yoder et al., 2007).

Classification of Antlerite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/B.01-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.BB.15

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 7th edition ID:30.1.12.1
Dana 8th edition ID:30.1.12.1

30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)m(XO4)pZq, where m:p>2:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.2.6

25 : Sulphates
2 : Sulphates of Cu and Ag
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Type Occurrence of Antlerite

Type Locality:Antler Mine (Antler Gold Mine; Spuyten Duyvel Mine), Arrastra Mt., Hualapai District, Hualapai (Hualpai) Mts, Mohave Co., Arizona, USA
Year of Discovery:1889

Occurrences of Antlerite

Geological Setting:In weathered zones of carbonate-poor copper deposits in arid regions

Physical Properties of Antlerite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Emerald-green to blackish-green, also light green.
Streak:Pale green
Hardness (Mohs):3½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {010}, poor on {100}.
Density (measured):3.88 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.93 g/cm3

Crystallography of Antlerite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 8.244(2) Å, b = 11.987(3) Å, c = 6.043(1) Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.688 : 1 : 0.504
Unit Cell Volume:V 597.17 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals commonly thick tabular {010}; also equant or short prismatic [001]. Also as cross-fiber veinlets or friable interlaced aggregates of acicular or fibrous crystals; felt-like; granular.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Antlerite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.726 nβ = 1.738 nγ = 1.789
2V:Measured: 53° , Calculated: 54°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.063

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:very strong r < v
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X = b = Yellow-green
Y = a = Blue-green
Z = c = Green

Chemical Properties of Antlerite

Formula:
Cu
 
3
[(OH)
 
4
|SO
 
4
]
Essential elements:Cu, H, O, S
All elements listed in formula:Cu, H, O, S

Relationship of Antlerite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.BB.05Caminite
Mg
 
7
[(OH)
 
4
|(SO
 
4
)
 
5
] · H
 
2
O
7.BB.10Hauckite
Fe
3+
3
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
24
Zn
 
18
[(OH)
 
81
|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
|(SO
 
4
)
 
4
]
7.BB.20Dolerophanite
Cu
 
2
[O|SO
 
4
]
7.BB.25Brochantite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
]
7.BB.30Vergasovaite
Cu
 
3
[O|SO
 
4
|(MoO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)]
7.BB.35Klebelsbergite
Sb
 
4
[O
 
4
|(OH)
 
2
|SO
 
4
]
7.BB.40Schuetteite
Hg
2+
3
[O
 
2
|SO
 
4
]
7.BB.45Paraotwayite
Ni(OH)
 
2-x
(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
0.5x
7.BB.50Xocomecatlite
Cu
 
3
[(OH)
 
4
|TeO
 
4
]
7.BB.55Pauflerite
(V
4+
 
O)[SO
 
4
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.2.1Chalcocyanite
CuSO
 
4
25.2.2Bonattite
CuSO
 
4
·3H
 
2
O
25.2.3Chalcanthite
CuSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
25.2.4Boothite
CuSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
25.2.5Dolerophanite
Cu
 
2
[O|SO
 
4
]
25.2.7Brochantite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
]
25.2.8Posnjakite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
25.2.9Langite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
25.2.10Wroewolfeite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
25.2.11Kröhnkite
Na
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·2H
 
2
O
25.2.12Natrochalcite
NaCu
 
2
[OH|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 2H
 
2
O
25.2.13Piypite
K
 
2
Cu
 
2
[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
]
25.2.14Fedotovite
K
 
2
Cu
 
3
[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
]
25.2.15Cyanochroite
K
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·6H
 
2
O
25.2.16Euchlorine
KNaCu
 
3
[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
]
25.2.17Devilline
CaCu
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·3H
 
2
O
25.2.18Leightonite
K
 
2
Ca
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
25.2.19Chalcoalumite
CuAl
 
4
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 3H
 
2
O
25.2.20Cyanotrichite
Cu
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
25.2.21Woodwardite
Cu
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 2-4H
 
2
O
25.2.22Campigliaite
Mn
2+
 
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
25.2.23Guildite
CuFe
3+
 
[OH|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
25.2.24Ransomite
CuFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
25.2.26Klyuchevskite
K
 
3
Cu
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
25.2.27Poitevinite
(Cu,Fe,Zn)SO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
25.2.28Argentojarosite
AgFe
3+
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2

Other Names for Antlerite

Synonyms:
ArminiteArnimiteStelznerite
Other Languages:
German:Antlerit
Arminit
Arnimit
Stelznerit
Russian:Антлерит
Spanish:Antlerita
Arminita
Arnimita
Stelznerita
Varieties:
Vernadskite

Other Information

Other Information:Soluble in dilute H2SO4.

Pseudomorphs of cuprite after fibrous antlerite have been observed.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Antlerite

Reference List:Weisbach (1886) Jahrbuch für das Berg- und Hüttenwesen im Königreiche Sachsen, Abhandlungen: 86 (as Arnimite).

Hillebrand (1889) USGS Bull. 55: 54.

Arzruni and Thaddéeff (1899) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 31: 232 (as Stelznerit).

Ungemach (1924) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 47: 124.

Audrietyh and Martens (1925) American Mineralogist: 10: 161.

Buttgenbach (1926) Société géologique de Belgique, Liége, Bulletin: 49: 164 (as Heterobrochantite).

Hintze, Carl (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3B]: 4224.

Posnjak and Tunell (1929) American Journal of Science: 18: 1.

Binder (1936) Annales de chimie, Paris: 5: 337.

Guillot and Geneslay (1937) Bull. soc. chim.: 4: 125 (artif. material).

Palache (1939) American Mineralogist: 24: 293.

Jarrell (1944) Economic Geology: 39: 251.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 544-546.

Canadian Mineralogist: 27: 205-209.

Yoder, C. H., Agee, T. M., Ginion, K. E., Hofmann, A. E., Ewanichak, J. E., Schaeffer, C. D., Jr., Carroll, M. J., Schaeffer, R. W. & McCaffrey, P. F. (2007): The relative stabilities of the copper hydroxyl sulphates. Mineralogical Magazine 71, 571-577.

Internet Links for Antlerite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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  • Antlerite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Antlerite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Catamarca
      • Andalgalá
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
    		Australian Mineralogist (1997): 3: 1.
    [UKJMM 19:28]
    • Northern Territory
      • Grove Hill
    		No reference listed
    • Queensland
      • Mt Isa - Cloncurry area
        • Duchess
    		John Sobolewski collection
        • Gunpowder District
          • Mount Gordon
    		Day, B. E. & Beyer, B. D. (1996): Some mines of the Mt Isa district. Part 3 - The Mt Oxide mine. Australian J. of Mineralogy 2 (1), 3-10.
        • Mary Kathleen district
    		Per Vic Cloete.
    • Tasmania
      • Scamander district
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    • Western Australia
      • Pilbara Region
        • Ashburton Shire
    		[MinRec 24:203]
    Min. Record 24,203-218(1993)
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Gurktaler Alpen Mts
        • St Veit an der Glan
          • Äußere Wimitz
    		ID U.Kolitsch 08
    G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Saualpe Mts
        • Lading
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
            • Alteck Mt. - Hoher Sonnblick Mt. area
              • Kolm-Saigurn
    		A. Strasser: Die MInerale Salzburgs (1989)
        • Stubach valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • Saalfelden
        • Leogang
          • Hütten
            • Schwarzleograben
              • Schwarzleo District
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Styria
      • Ennstaler Alpen Mts
        • Johnsbach
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • Knittelfeld
        • Kleinfeistritz
    		Postl, W. (1977): Die Sekundärmineralparagenese vom Arsenkiesgang im Kothgraben, Stubalpe (Steiermark). Mitteilungsblatt, Abteilung für Mineralogie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, 45, 34-37.
      • Mitterdorf
        • Veitsch
    		Taucher, J. (1992); Exel, R. (1993)
      • Niedere Tauern Mts
        • Öblarn
          • Walchen
    		Schebesta, K. (1992): Schlackenminerale aus der Walchen bei Öblarn. Lapis 17 (2), 19-30; 50.
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Brixlegg - Schwaz area
            • Brixlegg - Rattenberg
              • Gratlspitz Mt.
    		Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994)
    Bolivia
     
    • Potosí Department
      • Rafael Bustillo Province
        • Llallagua
    		Mineralogical Record (2006): 37: 117-162.
    Bulgaria
     
    • Pazardzhik (Pazardjik) Oblast
      • Srednogorie (Sredna Gora; Srdnia Gora) Region
        • Panagyurishte (Panagurishte) Obshchina
          • Panagyurishte
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    Canada
     
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Newfoundland
    		Sabina (2003) 94.
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • Antofagasta Province
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
      • El Loa Province
        • Calama
          • Chuquicamata District
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 546, 1095.
    Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
        • Escondida
          • Escondida Mine
    		Mineralium Deposita 44 (2009) 329-342
    • Atacama Region
      • Chañaral Province
        • Inca de Oro
    		Mr. Terry Szenics.
      • Copiapó Province
        • Cabeza de Vaca district
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 546.
        • Cachiyuyo de Llampos district
          • Carrera Pinto
    		V. Sapienza collection
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Iquique Province
        • Pozo Almonte
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Příbram
    		[Der Aufschluss 1996:6 p.267-287]
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Horní Slavkov (Schlaggenwald)
          • Krásno
    		Petr Pauliš (2000): Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech, Kuttna, Kutná Hora; Sejkora, J., Ondruš, P., Fikar, M., Veselovský, F., Mach, Z., Gabašová, A., Skoda, R. & Beran, P. (2006): Supergene minerals at the Huber stock and Schnöd stock deposits, Krásno ore District, the Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 57-101.
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Ostrov
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Allier
        • Ébreuil
          • Échassières
    		Kolitsch, U., Gröbner, J. & Brandstätter, F. (2009): Neufunde von Les Montmins, Allier, Frankreich. Lapis 34 (11), 24-32 (in German).
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Hérault
        • Le Bosc
    		Dincuff, B. (2008): Minéralogie de la carrière d'Usclas-du-Bosc (Hérault). Le Règne Minéral, 83, 5-21.
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
        • Guillaumes
          • Daluis
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Féraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 4 : Alpes-Maritimes", BRGM, 1974
    R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Feraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France, N° 4, Alpes Maritimes", BRGM, 1974
      • Var
        • Pradet
    		No reference listed
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Freudenstadt
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Haslach
          • Steinach
    		[Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald]
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German)
    • Hesse
      • Odenwald
        • Bensheim
          • Reichenbach
            • Hohenstein
    		Belendorff, K & Petitjean, K. (1987): Reichenbach im Odenwald. Die Mineralien von Fundpunkt 16.1. bei Reichenbach. LAPIS 12 (10), 23-32 + 58
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Goslar
          • Rammelsberg
    		No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Bergisches Land
        • Engelskirchen
          • Loope
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Niederberg area
        • Wülfrath
          • Rohdenhaus
    		Lapis 1988(1), 16-35
      • Ruhr Coal Mining area
        • Essen
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Sauerland
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
        • Marsberg
    		Lapis, 16 (12), 13-21+58.
      • Siegerland
        • Müsen
    		Der Aufschluss 2000(2), 71-123
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Kirchheimbolanden
        • Imsbach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Obermoschel
    		Lapis 2001(6), 13-40
      • Rockenhausen
        • Stahlberg
    		Lapis 2001(6), 13-40
      • Westerwald
        • Linz am Rhein
          • Bruchhausen
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990, 76-77.
        • Rheinbreitbach
    		Schnorrer-Köhler, G., (1988): Mineralogische Notizen IV, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 39, 153-168
    • Saarland
      • Saarlouis
        • Wallerfangen
          • St Barbara
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Schmiedeberg
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Pöhla
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Zwickau
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 592.
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Kykládes Prefecture
        • Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon)
          • Serifos Island (Seriphos)
    		Lefteris Rantos collection
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		No reference listed
              • Hilarion area
    		J. Gröbner und U. Kolitsch (2002): Neufunde von Laurion aus den Jahren 2001 und 2002. Aufschluss 53 (5-6), 363-371.
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
            • Lavrion Mines
    		No reference listed
          • Plaka
            • Villia area
    		Lapis, 28/5 (May 2003)
          • Sounion Area
            • Agia Varvara Mines (St Barbara Mines)
    		No reference listed
    Lapis, 24, 7/8, (1999)
            • Sounion Mines
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
        • Lavrion District slag localities
          • Thorikos area
    		No reference listed
    Hungary
     
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Bükk Mts.
        • Miskolc
          • Lillafüred
    		Bulletin of the Hungarian Geological Society
      • Rudabányai Mts.
        • Rudabánya
    		Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    • Fejér Co.
      • Velencei Mts.
        • Lovasberény
          • Meleg Hill
    		Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral species of Hungary, 2005
    India
     
    • Madhya Pradesh
      • Balaghat District
    		Panigrahi, M.K., and Mookherjee, A. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 133-148.
    Iran
     
    • Kerman Province
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		Zambonini (1910): 337; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 607.
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Borzoli
    		M.E. Ciriotti, 2007, com. pers. (P. Rögner analysis)
        • Sestri Levante
    		Palenzona, A. & Borgo, E. (1988): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Aggiornamento 1988. Sagep, Ed., Genova
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Baceno
            • Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Vercelli Province
        • Sesia Valley
    		Luigi Chiappino data
    • Sardinia
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Gonnosfanadiga
          • Fenugu Sibiri Mine
    		Brizzi, G., Olmi, F., Sabelli, C. (1994): Gli arseniati di Pira Inferida, Gonnofanadiga (CA). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/1994, 193-206.
    Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 2°, 239 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
        • Massa Marittima
    		Sabelli C., Olmi F., Brizzi G., Meli R., 1996. Serrabottini (GR): recenti ritrovamenti nelle antiche discariche. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 19: 9-28.
    Bazzoni, C., Betti, C., & Capperi, M. (2007). Valle dello Stregaio e Monte Gai, Massa Marittima, Grosseto. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 31 (2), 92-102.
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
          • Temperino
    		Am Min 67:385-393
        • Elba Island
          • Capoliveri
            • Cape Calamita Mine (Calamita Mine)
    		P. Rögner, M. Hanauer, F. Senesi (2000) - Elba orientale: nuovi ritrovamenti - Riv. Min. It., 24, 2: 102-109.
        • Piombino
    		Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Shizuoka Prefecture
          • Shimoda City
            • Rendaiji
    		(unpublished species lists maintained by local collectors; needs confirmation)
      • Kinki Region
        • Hyogo Prefecture
          • Asago-gun
            • Ikuno-machi
              • Ikuno mine
    		Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan)
    Mexico
     
    • Coahuila
      • Mun. de Sierra Mojada
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 546.
    • Sonora
      • Mun. de Cananea
        • Cuitaca
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Southland
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Peru
     
    • Apurímac Department
      • Aymaraes Province
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    • Arequipa Department
      • Arequipa Province
        • Uchumayo District
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    Philippines
     
    • Visayas
      • Western Visayas Region
        • Marinduque Province
          • Marinduque Island
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    Poland
     
    • Małopolskie
      • Kraków
    		Ref.: Gołębiowska B., Matyszkiewicz J., Molenda R., Górny A. 2006: Hydrothermal mineralization in Middle Jurassic sandy Limestones from Zalas (near Cracow, S Poland). Mineralogia Polonica - Special Papers, vol. 28, 81-83
    • Świętokrzyskie
      • Świętokrzyskie Mts (Holy Cross Mts)
        • Kielce District
          • Chęciny
    		Wieser, T. & Zabinski, W. (1986): Copper arsenate and sulphate minerals from Miedzianka near Kielce (Poland). Mineralogica Polonica 17 (1), 17-42.
    Portugal
     
    • Castelo Branco District
      • Vila Velha de Rodão
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Starohorské Mts
        • Špania Dolina ore belt
          • Špania Dolina (Urvölgy; Herrengrund)
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
          • Staré Hory
    		Szakáll at all: Minerals of the Carpathians, Granit, Praha 2002
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Ľubietová (Libetbánya; Libethen) ore belt
    		Koděra, M., a kol.: Topografická mineralogie Slovenska. Sv. 2 Ko-Seč, Bratislava, Veda 1990, s. 731 – 738.
        • Nandráž
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Gelnica ore belt
    		Pauliš P., Ďuďa R., 2002: Nejzajimavejší mineralogická nalezište Slovenska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora, 134p.
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
      • Argent
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Marble Hall
    		No reference listed
    Spain
     
    • Catalonia
      • Barcelona
        • Vallès Occidental
          • Sant Cugat del Vallès-El Papiol
    		Mineralogistes de Catalunya, 1994. VI(2/3): 34-77
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Binn Valley
        • Kriegalp Valley (Chriegalp Valley)
    		Kolitsch, U. (1998): Neue Mineralfunde vom Wannigletscher im Binntal, Schweiz. Mineralien-Welt 9 (3), 45-53. (in German)
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cheshire
        • Alderley Edge
    		No reference listed
      • Cornwall
        • Callington District
          • Gunnislake Area
    		No reference listed
        • Camborne - Redruth - St Day District
          • Troon-Lanner area
            • Lanner
        • St Agnes District
          • Perranzabuloe
    		Lapis 7-8/2006, ad on p. 12; Ansermet, S. (2007): Kupfermineralien von der Hanover Cove am Cligga Head, Cornwall. Lapis 32 (2), 25-26; 50. (in German)
        • St Just District
          • Botallack - Pendeen Area
    		No reference listed
              • Botallack Mine
    		No reference listed
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
    		BMS Database
            • Potts Gill
    		[Cooper & Stanley, 1990, 77 - "Minerals of the English Lake district"]
    USA
     
    • Alabama
      • Cleburne Co.
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
    • Alaska
      • Valdez-Cordova Borough
        • Nizina District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 546; USGS OFR 2003-404(Hudson,2003)
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • Arizona
      • Apache Co.
        • Navajo Indian Reservation
          • Monument Valley
            • Monument No. 2 channel
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 115.
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 63.
              • Queen Hill
                • Copper Queen Mine (Halero Mine)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 115, 154; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Hayden area
              • Chilito
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 115.
      • Graham Co.
        • Aravaipa District
          • Santa Teresa Mts
            • Klondyke
              • Grand Reef Mountain
                • Laurel Canyon
    		Besse, William W. (1981) Mineral Paragenesis of the Grand Reef mine, Aravaipa mining district Graham County, Arizona. M.S. thesis, Department of Geology, California State University, Los Angeles.
        • Gila Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 115; Hutton, C.O. (1959b), An occurrence of pseudomalachite at Safford, AZ, Am.Min.: 44: 1298-1301.
            • Peterson Wash
    		MRDS database Dep. ID #10027008, MRDS ID #M001705.
            • Safford
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 146, 261, 336; Hutton, C.O. (1959b), An occurrence of pseudomalachite at Safford, AZ, Am.Min.: 44: 1298-1301.
            • Sanchez
    		MRDS database Dep. ID #10027031, MRDS ID #M001755.
      • Greenlee Co.
        • Shannon Mts
    		Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 63.
            • Morenci
              • Morenci Mine (Morenci pit; Phelps Dodge Morenci Mine; Morenci-Metcalf)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 115.
      • Mohave Co.
        • Hualapai (Hualpai) Mts
          • Hualapai District
            • Arrastra Mt.
    		Hillibrand, W.F. (1889a); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 545.
      • Pima Co.
        • Santa Rita Mts
          • Helvetia-Rosemont District
            • Helvetia
    		Rob Lavinsky
      • Pinal Co.
        • Casa Grande
    		MRDS database Dep. ID #10103762, MRDS ID #M050669.
        • Pinal Mts
          • Pioneer District
            • Kings Crown Peak area
              • Comstock Wash
    		Rocks & Min.: 15:278; 21:431.
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Black Hills (Black Hill Range)
          • Verde District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 115, 198.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 147; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78.
        • Eureka District
          • Black Mesa
    		Anderson, C.A., et al (1955), Geology and ore deposits of the Bagdad area, Yavapai County, Arizona, USGS PP 278: 49, 75.
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
    		MinRec 15:5
      • Shasta Co.
        • West Shasta Copper - Zinc District
          • Iron Mountain
            • Iron Mountain Mine
    		Kinkel, Arthur Rudolph, Jr., Wayne E. Hall & J.P. Albers (1956) Geology and base metal deposits of west Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California: USGS PP 285, 156 pp.: 89; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 78; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 298.
    • Colorado
      • Chaffee Co.
        • Sedalia District
    		("Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997)
    • Montana
      • Silver Bow Co.
        • Butte District
          • Butte
    		The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen 1964
    • Nevada
      • Esmeralda Co.
        • Weepah District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Lynn District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lander Co.
        • Lewis District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Shoshone Mountains
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lyon Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Mountain View District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
          • Warsuk Range
            • Black Mountain
              • Hussman Spring
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 546.
      • Pershing Co.
        • Tobin and Sonoma Range District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Dunn(1995):Pt5:628.
    • New Mexico
      • Sandoval Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Santa Fe Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    R&M 67:6 p390-395
      • Socorro Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. ed., 1996
          • Bingham
    		M Massis collection
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    [MinRec 20:24]
    • Utah
      • Juab Co.
        • Desert Mountain
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
        • East Tintic Mts
          • Tintic District
    		[MinRecord 29:177]
      • Salt Lake Co.
        • Wasatch Mts
          • Big Cottonwood District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • San Juan Co.
        • White Canyon District
          • Red Canyon
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
          • White Canyon
            • Copper Point
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    USGS Bull 1125
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Can Min (2001) 39, 6, 1685-1689; Min News 14:10 p 4,4,7
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • East Tintic District
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Virginia
      • Louisa Co.
        • Gold-Pyrite Belt
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
          • Mineral
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Mineral and/or Locality
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