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Minnesotaite

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Big Photo

Blue Bell Mine, Riondel, Slocan Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada
© Van King

Show Minnesotaite Photos (2)



Formula:
(Fe,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
System:TriclinicColour:Greenish-gray to olive ...
Lustre:Resinous, Waxy, GreasyHardness:1½ - 2
Name:
For its occurrence in the state of Minnesota.
Isostructural with:Pyrophyllite-Talc Group


Compare also ferripyrophyllite.

Classification of Minnesotaite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/H.09-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.EC.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
Dana 8th edition ID:71.2.1.5

71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
2 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.21.9

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
21 : Silicates of Fe and Mg
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Type Occurrence of Minnesotaite

Co-type Localities:Cuyuna North Range, Crow Wing Co., Minnesota, USA
Mesabi Range, St. Louis Co., Minnesota, USA
Drill Core M4450, Mesabi Range, St. Louis Co., Minnesota, USA
Year of Discovery:1944
Geological Setting of type material:Banded Iron Formation

Occurrences of Minnesotaite

Geological Setting:Low grade metamorphosed banded iron formations; also hydrothermal alteration around sulphide veins.

Physical Properties of Minnesotaite

Lustre:Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Comment:Low luster is common
Colour:Greenish-gray to olive green
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):1½ - 2
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Micaceous on {001}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Comment:Usually fine-grained
Density (measured):3.01 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.97 g/cm3

Crystallography of Minnesotaite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:P1
Cell Parameters:a = 5.623(2) Å, b = 9.419(2) Å, c = 9.624(3) Å
α = 85.21(3)°, β = 95.64(3)°, γ = 90.00°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.597 : 1 : 1.022
Unit Cell Volume:V 505.46 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Usually fine-grained dense masses of microscopic plates or needles
Twinning:Inferred from single crystal X-ray analysis
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
9.54 (100)
4.78 (20)
3.18 (50)
2.76 (30)
2.66 (40)
2.54 (30)
2.53 (50)
2.21 (20)
Comments:2.54 and 2.53 frequently overlap; 41-594

Optical Data of Minnesotaite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.578 - 1.583 nβ = 1.578 - 1.622 nγ = 1.615 - 1.623
2V:Measured: 4°
Birefringence:0.037-0.040
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.037 - 0.040

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r < v moderate
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X= pale green
Z= colorless to pale greenish yellow

Chemical Properties of Minnesotaite

Formula:
(Fe,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
Essential elements:Fe, H, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, Mg, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Al,Mn,Ca,Na,K,H2O

Relationship of Minnesotaite to other Species

Structurally related to group(s):
Pyrophyllite-Talc Group
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.EC.05Talc
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.05Willemseite
(Ni,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.10Ferripyrophyllite
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.10Pyrophyllite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.15Boromuscovite
KAl
 
2
(BSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.15Celadonite
K(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.15Chernykhite
(Ba,Na)(V
3+
 
,Al,Mg)
 
2
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.15Montdorite
(K,Na)
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
4
9.EC.15Muscovite
KAl
 
2
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.15Nanpingite
CsAl
 
2
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH,F)
 
2
9.EC.15Paragonite
NaAl
 
2
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.15Roscoelite
K(V
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.15Tobelite
(NH
 
4
,K)Al
 
2
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.15Aluminoceladonite
K(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Al(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.15Chromphyllite
K(Cr,Al)
 
2
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH,F)
 
2
9.EC.15Ferro-aluminoceladonite
K(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(Al,Fe
3+
 
)(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.15Ferroceladonite
K(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(Fe
3+
 
,Al)(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.15Chromceladonite
K(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Cr,Al)(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.15Tainiolite
KLiMg
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)F
 
2
9.EC.15Ganterite
(Ba,Na,K)(Al,Mg)
 
2
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Annite
KFe
2+
3
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Ephesite
LiNaAl
 
2
(Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Hendricksite
K(Zn,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
3
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Masutomilite
(K,Rb)(Li,Mn
3+
 
,Al)
 
3
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Norrishite
KLiMn
2+
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Phlogopite
KMg
 
3
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH,F)
 
2
9.EC.20Polylithionite
KLi
 
2
Al(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Preiswerkite
NaMg
 
2
Al(Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Siderophyllite
KFe
2+
2
Al(Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Tetraferriphlogopite
KMg
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH,F)
 
2
9.EC.20Fluorotetraferriphlogopite
KMg
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
Si
 
3
O
 
10
)F
 
2
9.EC.20Wonesite
(Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)
 
6
((Al,Si)
 
4
O
 
10
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
4
9.EC.20Zinnwaldite
KLiFe
2+
 
Al(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Eastonite
KMg
 
2
Al(Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Tetraferriannite
KFe
2+
3
((Fe
3+
 
,Al)Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Trilithionite
K(Li,Al)
 
3
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Fluorannite
KFe
2+
3
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Shirokshinite
KNaMg
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)F
 
2
9.EC.20Shirozulite
K(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Sokolovaite
CsLi
 
2
Al(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)F
 
2
9.EC.20Aspidolite
NaMg
 
3
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Fluorophlogopite
KMg
 
3
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.EC.20UM2004-49-SiO:AlCsFHKLi
(Cs,K)(Al,Li)
 
2.6
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Suhailite
(NH
 
4
)Fe
2+
3
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.20Yangzhumingite
KMg
 
2.5
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)F
 
2
9.EC.20IMA2009-006
KLi
 
2
Ti(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)OF
9.EC.25Brammallite
(Na,H
 
3
O)(Al,Mg,Fe)
 
2
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.30Margarite
CaAl
 
2
(Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.35Anandite
(Ba,K)(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
((Si,Al,Fe)
 
4
O
 
10
)(S,OH)
 
2
9.EC.35Bityite
LiCaAl
 
2
(AlBeSi
 
2
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.35Clintonite
Ca(Mg,Al)
 
3
(Al
 
3
SiO
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.35Kinoshitalite
(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn
2+
 
,Al)
 
3
(Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.35Ferrokinoshitalite
(Ba,K)(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
(Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
10
)(OH,F)
 
2
9.EC.35Oxykinoshitalite
(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
9.EC.35Fluorokinoshitalite
BaMg
 
3
(Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
10
)F
 
2
9.EC.40Beidellite
(Na,Ca
 
0.5
)
 
0.3
Al
 
2
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
9.EC.40Kurumsakite
(Zn,Ni,Cu)
 
8
Al
 
8
V
5+
2
Si
 
5
O
 
35
 · 27H
 
2
O (?)
9.EC.40Montmorillonite
(Na,Ca)
 
0.33
(Al,Mg)
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
9.EC.40Nontronite
Na
 
0.3
Fe
 
2
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
9.EC.40Volkonskoite
Ca
 
0.3
(Cr,Mg,Fe)
 
2
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
9.EC.40Yakhontovite
(Ca,Na)
 
0.5
(Cu,Fe,Mg)
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
9.EC.45Hectorite
Na
 
0.3
(Mg,Li)
 
3
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.EC.45Saponite
Ca
 
0.25
(Mg,Fe)
 
3
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
9.EC.45Sauconite
Na
 
0.3
Zn
 
3
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
9.EC.45Spadaite
MgSiO
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O (?)
9.EC.45Stevensite
(Ca,Na)
 
x
Mg
 
3-x
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
9.EC.45Swinefordite
Li(Al,Li,Mg)
 
4
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
4
 · nH
 
2
O
9.EC.45Zincsilite
Zn
 
3
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
9.EC.45Ferrosaponite
Ca
 
0.3
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
9.EC.50Vermiculite
(Mg,Fe,Al)
 
3
((Al,Si)
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
9.EC.55Baileychlore
(Zn,Fe,Al,Mg)
 
6
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
9.EC.55Chamosite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
Al(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
9.EC.55Clinochlore
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
Al(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
9.EC.55Cookeite
LiAl
 
4
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
9.EC.55Franklinfurnaceite
Ca
 
2
Fe
3+
 
Mn
2+
3
Mn
3+
 
(Zn
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
9.EC.55Gonyerite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
9.EC.55Nimite
(Ni,Mg,Al)
 
6
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
9.EC.55Orthochamosite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
3+
 
)
 
5
Al(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH,O)
 
8
9.EC.55Pennantite
Mn
2+
5
Al(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
9.EC.55Sudoite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Al
 
3
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
9.EC.55Donbassite
Al
 
4.33
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
9.EC.55Glagolevite
Na(Mg,Al)
 
6
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH,O)
 
8
9.EC.55Borocookeite
Li
 
1+3x
Al
 
4-x
(BSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
9.EC.60Aliettite
Ca
 
0.2
Mg
 
6
((Si,Al)
 
8
O
 
20
)(OH)
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
9.EC.60Corrensite
(Mg,Fe)
 
9
((Si,Al)
 
8
O
 
20
)(OH)
 
10
 · nH
 
2
O
9.EC.60Dozyite
Mg
 
7
Al
 
2
(Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
15
)(OH)
 
12
9.EC.60Hydrobiotite
K(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
6
((Si,Al)
 
8
O
 
20
)(OH)
 
4
 · nH
 
2
O
9.EC.60Karpinskite
(Ni,Mg)
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
5
(OH)
 
2
 (?)
9.EC.60Kulkeite
Mg
 
8
Al(AlSi
 
7
O
 
20
)(OH)
 
10
9.EC.60Lunijianlaite
Li
 
0.7
Al
 
6.2
(AlSi
 
7
lO
 
20
)(OH,O)
 
10
9.EC.60Rectorite
(Na,Ca)Al
 
4
((Si,Al)
 
8
O
 
20
)(OH)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.EC.60Saliotite
(Li,Na)Al
 
3
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
5
9.EC.60Tosudite
Na
 
0.5
(Al,Mg)
 
6
((Si,Al)
 
8
O
 
18
)(OH)
 
12
 · 5H
 
2
O
9.EC.60Brinrobertsite
Na
 
0.3
Al
 
4
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · 3.5 H
 
2
O
9.EC.65Macaulayite
(Fe,Al)
 
24
Si
 
4
O
 
43
(OH)
 
2
9.EC.70Burckhardtite
Pb
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)Te
4+
 
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
9.EC.75Ferrisurite
(Pb,Ca)
 
2.4
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(CO
 
3
)
 
1.7
(OH)
 
3
 · nH
 
2
O
9.EC.75Surite
(Pb,Ca)
 
3
(Al,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
9.EC.75Niksergievite
(Ba,Ca)
 
2
Al
 
3
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
6
 · nH
 
2
O
9.EC.80Kegelite
Pb
 
8
Al
 
4
(Si
 
8
O
 
20
)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
8
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.21.1Olivine
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
SiO
 
4
14.21.2Ringwoodite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
SiO
 
4
14.21.3Wadsleyite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
14.21.4Clinoferrosilite
Fe
2+
 
SiO
 
3
14.21.5Anthophyllite
☐{Mg
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
14.21.6Cummingtonite
☐{Mg
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
14.21.7 Magnesiocummingtonite
14.21.8Grunerite
☐{Fe
2+
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
14.21.10Chesterite
(Mg,Fe)
 
17
Si
 
20
O
 
54
(OH)
 
6
14.21.11Jimthompsonite
(Mg,Fe)
 
5
Si
 
6
O
 
16
(OH)
 
2
14.21.12Clinojimthompsonite
(Mg,Fe)
 
5
Si
 
6
O
 
16
(OH)
 
2
14.21.13Majorite
Mg
 
3
(Fe
2+
 
,Si,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
14.21.14Balangeroite
(Mg,Fe,Fe,Mn)
 
42
Si
 
16
O
 
54
(OH)
 
40

Other Names for Minnesotaite

Synonyms:
Iron-Talc
Other Languages:
German:Minnesotait
Spanish:Minnesotaita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Not fluorescent
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Minnesotaite

Reference List:

- +
American Mineralogist (1944): 29: 363-372.

Canadian Mineralogist (1986): 24: 479-497.

Internet Links for Minnesotaite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Minnesotaite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Minnesotaite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Victoria
      • Stawell
    		http://www.earth2006.org.au/papers/extendedpdf/Wilson.pdf#search=%22Magdala%20gold%20deposit%22
    • Western Australia
      • Hamersley Iron Formation
    		Lascelles, D. F. (2006): Econ. Geol. 101, 1359-1376.
      • Pilbara Region
        • Ashburton Shire
          • Tom Price
    		Barley, M.E., Pickard, A.L., Hagemann, S.G., and Folkert, S.L. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 784-789.
    Brazil
     
    • Pará
      • Carajás mineral province
        • Parauapebas
    		Grainger, C.J., Groves, D.I., Tallarico, F.H.B., and Fletcher, I.R. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 451-489.
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Slocan Mining Division
        • Riondel
    		Handbook of Mineralogy; Min Rec (1977) 8:34-36
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
    		C. Klein, and R. P. Fink, 1976, Petrology of the Sokoman Iron Formation in the Howells River area, at the western edge of the Labrador Trough, Economic Geology, v. 71; no. 2; p. 453-487
    C. Klein, and R. P. Fink, 1976, Petrology of the Sokoman Iron Formation in the Howells River area, at the western edge of the Labrador Trough, Economic Geology, v. 71; no. 2; p. 453-487
    • Québec
      • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
        • Rouyn-Noranda TE
    		Galley, A.G., Jonasson, I.R., and Watkinson, D.H. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 619-637.; Econ Geol. (1995) 90:2006-2017
      • Côte-Nord
        • Caniapiscau RCM
          • Schefferville
    		No reference listed
    China
     
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Xilin Gol League (Xilinguole Prefecture)
        • Erenhot Co. (Erlianhaote Co.)
          • Wenduermiao Fe deposit
    		Feng Xiancan, Yang Ruiying, Song Guisen, Li Chenggui, and Lu Guojun (1986): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 6(4), 333-337.
    • Shanxi Province
      • Lüliang Prefecture
        • Lan Co.
    		Jinchu Zhu and Fusheng Zhang (1987): Mineral Deposits 6(1), 11-21
    France
     
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Hautes-Alpes
        • Briançon
          • Abries
            • Monviso (Monte Viso)
    		P. Nisio and J.M. Lardeaux, Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 427-437.
    India
     
    • Karnataka
      • Tumkur District
        • Chitradurga belt
    		Saravanan, C.S., and Mishra, B. (2009): Mineralium Deposita 44, 597-605.
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Galway
      • Killimor
    		Gaines et al. 1997, Dana's System of Mineralogy
    Italy
     
    • Sardinia
      • Nuoro Province
        • Gadoni
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Sabelli, C., Ibba, A. (1999): I minerali di Funtana Raminosa. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1/1999, 10-27.
    Romania
     
    • Suceava Co.
      • Suceava district
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northwest Province
    		Hammond, N. Q. & Moore, J. M. (2006): Mineralium Deposita 41, 483-503.
    Spain
     
    • Murcia
      • Sierra de Cartagena
    		Gaines et al. 1997, Dana's System of Mineralogy
    Sweden
     
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Hjulsjö
    		Mineralogical Magazine (1985) 49 (353), 611-613
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
    		Handbook of Mineralogy
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Garland Co.
        • Wilson Springs (Potash Sulfur Springs)
    		Rocks & Min.: 63:108.
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
    		Bozhilov, K. N. & B. W. Evans (2001): Ferroanthophyllite in Rockport grunerite: A transmission electron microscopy study. (American Mineralogist 86(10):1252-1260)
    • Michigan
      • Baraga Co.
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
    www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
        • Marquette iron range
          • Champion
    		Rocks & Min.:58:111 & 61:328.
          • Palmer
    		Rocks & Min.:58:111.
          • Republic
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Minnesota
    		Jay Ellis Ransom,1974, Gems and Minerals of America
      • Crow Wing Co.
    		Can Min 20 (1982), 579; Am Min 50:148-169
    USGS Prof Paper 407
          • Riverton
    		Am Min 50:148-169
    Econ Geology (1993)88:104-122
      • Itasca Co.
        • Mesabi Range
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • St. Louis Co.
    		Can Min 20 (1982), 579
    Am Min 29:363-372
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    55TH INSTITUTE ON LAKE SUPERIOR GEOLOGY (2009) PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 55 p. 70-71
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    55TH INSTITUTE ON LAKE SUPERIOR GEOLOGY (2009) PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 55 p. 54-55
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • New Mexico
      • McKinley Co.
        • Grants District
          • Ambrosia Lake area
    		NMBMMR Memoir 38 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region 1979
    • Wisconsin
      • Ashland Co.
    		R&M 73:11-12 pp 378-399 Wisconsin Mineral Locality Index
      • Iron Co.
        • Gogebic Range
    		Rocks & Min. Vol. 73 (1998)
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