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Montebrasite

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Big Photo

Divino das Laranjeiras, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil
© Weinrich Minerals, Inc.

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Formula:
LiAl(PO
 
4
)(OH)
System:TriclinicColour: White, colorless, gray ...
Hardness:5½ - 6
Member of:Amblygonite Group
Name:Named by Alfred Des Cloizeaux in 1871 for the type locality, the Montebras Mine, Montebras-en-Soumans, Boussac, Creuse, Limousin, France. [Previous attempts by Des Cloizeaux to name montebrasite were rejected as his analyses indicated he had specimens in the amblygonite portion of the F-OH series.]


Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series. The hydroxyl analogue of Amblygonite.
Most members of the Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series have a chemical composition assigning them to montebrasite.

Occurs chiefly in granite pegmatites of the lithium- and phosphate-rich type. Crystals may be enormous in size.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Montebrasite. Currently in public beta-test.

Classification of Montebrasite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/B.02-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.BB.05

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
Dana 8th edition ID:41.5.8.2

41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.8.1

19 : Phosphates
8 : Phosphates of Al and other metals
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Type Occurrence of Montebrasite

Type Locality:Montebras Mines, Montebras, Soumans, Creuse, Limousin, France
Year of Discovery:1870
Geological Setting of type material:Granite pegmatite

Occurrences of Montebrasite

Geological Setting:A late primary mineral in zoned, complex granitic pegmatites.

Physical Properties of Montebrasite

Lustre:Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Comment:Slightly pearly on well-developed cleavages.
Colour: White, colorless, gray white, very pale brown, pale pink, pale yellow
Comment:May be colored by inclusions
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):5½ - 6
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {100}, good on {110}, distinct on {011}, and on {001}, imperfect.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):2.98 - 3.04 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.03 g/cm3
Comment:Value for montebrasite end-member ~ 2.98.

Crystallography of Montebrasite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:P1
Space Group Setting:P1
Cell Parameters:a = 6.713(1) Å, b = 7.708(1) Å, c = 7.0194(7) Å
α = 91.31(1)°, β = 117.93(1)°, γ = 91.77(1)°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.871 : 1 : 0.911
Unit Cell Volume:V 320.46 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crude crystals, typically equant to short prismatic [010], with complex form development, to 1.5 meters; also occurs as large cleavable masses; columnar; compact.
Twinning:On {111}, common, with composition plane {111} with the resulting twins commonly tabular parallel to {111} and the twinned individuals of about equal size; also tabular {110} and the twinned individuals of very unequal size. Also twins on {111}, rare; lamellar. Microscopic polysynthetic twinning is common.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
4.68 (90)
3.33 (40)
3.27 (50)
3.23 (50)
3.20 (60)
3.16 (90)
2.97 (100)
2.40 (40)
Comments:ICDD 12-448

Optical Data of Montebrasite

Type:Biaxial (+/-)
RI values: nα = 1.594 - 1.615 nβ = 1.608 - 1.624 nγ = 1.616 - 1.645
2V:Measured: 66° to 101°, Calculated: 52° to 88°
Birefringence:0.026
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.022 - 0.030

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r < v
Pleochroism:Non-pleochroic

Chemical Properties of Montebrasite

Formula:
LiAl(PO
 
4
)(OH)
Essential elements:Al, H, Li, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Al, H, Li, O, P
Common Impurities:Na

Relationship of Montebrasite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Amblygonite (see here)
Member of:Amblygonite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Amblygonite
LiAl(PO
 
4
)F
Tavorite
LiFe
3+
 
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
Common Associates:
TriphyliteTourmalineTopazSpodumenePollucite
PetaliteMuscoviteLithiophiliteLepidoliteFluorapatite
Cassiterite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.BB.05Amblygonite
LiAl(PO
 
4
)F
8.BB.05Tavorite
LiFe
3+
 
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.10Triplite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(F,OH)
8.BB.10Zwieselite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)F
8.BB.15Sarkinite
Mn
2+
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.15Triploidite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.15Wagnerite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)F
8.BB.15Wolfeite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.15Stanĕkite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Fe
3+
 
(PO
 
4
)O
8.BB.15Joosteite
Mn
2+
 
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)(PO
 
4
)O
8.BB.15Hydroxylwagnerite
Mg
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.20Holtedahlite
Mg
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.20Satterlyite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH,O)
8.BB.25Althausite
Mg
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH,F)
8.BB.30Adamite
Zn
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.30Eveite
Mn
2+
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.30Libethenite
Cu
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.30Olivenite
Cu
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.30Zincolibethenite
CuZn(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.30Zincolivenite
CuZn(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.30Auriacusite
Fe
3+
 
Cu
2+
 
(AsO
 
4
)O
8.BB.35Paradamite
Zn
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.35Tarbuttite
Zn
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.40Barbosalite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BB.40Hentschelite
CuFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BB.40Lazulite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BB.40Scorzalite
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BB.40Wilhelmkleinite
ZnFe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BB.45Trolleite
Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
8.BB.50Namibite
Cu(BiO)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.55Phosphoellenbergerite
Mg
 
14
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(HPO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BB.60Urusovite
CuAl(AsO
 
4
)O
8.BB.65Theoparacelsite
Cu
 
3
(As
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
8.BB.70Turanite
Cu
 
5
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
8.BB.75Stoiberite
Cu
 
5
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
8.BB.80Fingerite
Cu
 
11
(VO
 
4
)
 
6
O
 
2
8.BB.85Averievite
Cu
 
6
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
Cl
 
2
8.BB.90Lipscombite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BB.90Richellite
CaFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
8.BB.90Zinclipscombite
ZnFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
19.8.2Brazilianite
NaAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
19.8.3Wardite
NaAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.8.4Tancoite
LiNa
 
2
Al(PO
 
4
)(HPO
 
4
)(OH)
19.8.5Bertossaite
(Li,Na)
 
2
(Ca,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
4
19.8.6Tinsleyite
KAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
19.8.7Taranakite
(K,NH
 
4
)Al
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH) · 9H
 
2
O
19.8.8Francoanellite
K
 
3
Al
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(HPO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 12H
 
2
O
19.8.9Gordonite
MgAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.8.10Aldermanite
Mg
 
5
Al
 
12
(PO
 
4
)
 
8
(OH)
 
22
 · 32H
 
2
O
19.8.11Overite
CaMgAl(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 4H
 
2
O
19.8.12Montgomeryite
Ca
 
4
MgAl
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(OH)
 
4
 · 12H
 
2
O
19.8.14Foggite
CaAl(PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
19.8.15Gatumbaite
CaAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
19.8.16Crandallite
CaAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
19.8.17Matulaite
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)Al
 
7
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(PO
 
3
OH)
 
2
(OH)
 
8
(H
 
2
O)
 
8
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.8.19Lehiite
19.8.20Millisite
(Na,K)CaAl
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
9
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.8.21Englishite
K
 
3
Na
 
2
Ca
 
10
Al
 
15
(PO
 
4
)
 
21
(OH)
 
7
 · 26H
 
2
O
19.8.22Kleemanite
ZnAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.8.23Mantienneite
KMg
 
2
Al
 
2
Ti(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
3
 · 15H
 
2
O
19.8.24Paulkerrite
K(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Al,Ti,Mg)
 
2
Ti(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
3
 · 15H
 
2
O

Other Names for Montebrasite

Other Languages:
German:Montebrasit
Russian:Монтебразит
Spanish:Montebrasita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:May have a faint to medium cream yellow fluorescence in SW and LW, frequently patchy. May have associated fluorescent species affecting the appearance.
Other Information:Soluble with difficulty in acids. Colours a flame red.

May alter to mixtures of smectite or kaolinite and mica group, often as rims surrounding rounded nodules of unaltered material. Also observed to alter to Turquoise, Wavellite, Wardite, or Morinite.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:Previously used as an ore of lithium.

References for Montebrasite

Reference List:

- +
Des Cloizeaux, Alfred, (1872) Memoire sur une Novelle Localite D'Amblygonite et sur la Montebrasite, Noveau Phosphate D'Alumine et de Lithine Hydrate, Annales de chimie et de physique, Paris: 27: 385-405.

Penfield, Samuel (1879) American Journal of Science: 18: 295.

Lacroix, Alfred (1910) Minéralogie de la France et des ses colonies, Paris. 5 volumes: vol. 4: 416.

Backlund (1918) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 40: 757.

Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 76.

Hintze, Carl (1924) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4A]: 626.

Landes, Kenneth K. (1925) On the Paragenesis of the Granite Pegmatites of Central Maine, American Mineralogist: 10: 403, 410.

Winchell, Alexander (1926) American Mineralogist: 11: 246.

Sekanina (1933) Spisy přiřo. fak. Masarykovy Univ., no. 180.

Quensel, Percy (1937) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 59: 455.

Strunz, Hugo (1939) Zentralblatt Mineralien: 248.

Richmond (1940) American Mineralogist: 25: 473.

Tengnér (1940) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 62: 332.

Cunha and Costa (1941) Notas Prelim. Div. Geol. Min. Brasil, no. 22.

Palache, C., Richmond and Wolfe (1943) American Mineralogist: 28: 39.

Nel (1946) American Mineralogist: 31: 51.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 823-827.

Moss, A.A., E.E. Fejer & P.G. Embrey (1969), On the X-ray identification of amblygonite and montebrasite: Mineralogical Magazine: 37: 412-422.

Cerna, I, Cerny, P., and Ferguson, R., 1973, The Fluorine Content and Some Physical Properties of the Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series, American Mineralogist, v. 58, p. 291-301.

Greiner, D. and Bloss, F., 1987, Amblygonite-Montebrasite Optics: Response to (OH-) Orientation and Rapid Estimation of F from 2V, American Mineralogist, v 72:617-624.

American Mineralogist (1990): 75: 92-1008.

King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, The Amblygonite/Montebrasite Controversy, Mineralogy of Maine, volume 1, p. 15-17, 240-244.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2000) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume IV. Arsenates, Phosphates, Vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 680pp.: 386.

Internet Links for Montebrasite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Montebrasite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Montebrasite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Angola
     
    • Namibe Province
      • Giraul pegmatite field
    		Antonio Olimpio Gonçalves, Joan Carles Melgarejo, Pura Alfonso Abella (2009) SEQUENCE OF CRYSTALLISATION OF PEGMATITES: THE ANGOLA CASE. Estudos Geológicos v. 19 (2), pp 35-39
    Argentina
     
    • Catamarca
      • El Alto Department
    		Dirección Provincial de Geología y Minería de la Provincia de Catamarca (1970). Padrón de Minas.
    • Salta
      • Nevados de Palermo
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    Galliski et al. (2001) Bismutotantalite from northwestern Argentina: description and crystal structure. Can. Min. Vol. 39, pp. 103-110.
    • San Luis
      • Chacabuco Department
        • Sierra de la Estranzuela
    		http://homepage.mac.com/rasprague/PegShop/extras/argentina/argenpeg.html
    Australia
     
    • Victoria
      • East Gippsland Shire
        • Omeo
          • Mt Wills Mining District
            • Glen Wills
    		Eagle, R., Petrology, petrogenesis and mineralisation of granitic pegmatites of the Mount Wills district, northeastern Victoria
    • Western Australia
      • Coolgardie Shire
        • Coolgardie
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 826.
      • Ravensthorpe Shire
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 826.; M. Jacobson, M Calderwood, B Grguric; Pegmatites of Western Australia; (Perth 2007)
    M. Jacobson, M. Calderwood, B Grguric; Pegmatites of Western Australia; (Perth 2007)
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Koralpe
        • Moschkogel - Weinebene area
          • Brandrücken
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Millstatt lake ridge
        • Spittal
          • Millstatt lake
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
          • Wolfsberg
    		WALTER, F. & W. POSTL (1982): Über Montebrasit aus dem Pegmatitsteinbruch am Wolfsberg bei Spittal an der Drau, Kärnten. Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges., 128, 47-50.; Postl, W. & Walter, F. (1983): 529. Montebrasit-xx aus dem Pegmatitsteinbruch am Wolfsberg bei Spittal an der Drau, Kärnten. In Niedermayr, G., W. Postl & F. Walter (1983): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich XXXII. Carinthia II, 173./93., 339-362.; G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Doce valley
        • Divino das Laranjeiras
          • Linópolis
    		Reiner Mielke
    Richard Dale collection
        • Galiléia
          • Laranjeiras
    		Van King
          • Sapucaia do Norte
    		Cassedanne, J.P. & Baptista, A. (1999): Famous Mineral Localities: The Sapucaia Pegmatite Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record, 30: 347-360 + 365
        • Mendes Pimentel
    		Atencio, D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Mascarenhas, Y.P., Ellena, J. (2006): Matioliite, the Mg-analog of burangaite, from Gentil mine, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 91, 1932-1936.
      • Jequitinhonha Valley
    		B. R. Hounds
        • Coronel Murta
    		Andrade, M.B., Atencio, D., Menezes Filho, L.A.D., & Ellena, J. (2011): The structure of a microlite-group mineral with a formula near NaCaTa2O6F from the Morro Rendondo Mine, Coronel Murta, Minas Gerais. Canadian Mineralogist. 49, 615-621
        • Itinga
    		Van King
    Lithiotantite, Ideally LiTa3O8 - Luiz A.D.Menezes Filho, Hexiong Yang, Robert T. Downs, Mário L.S.C. Chaves, Aba C. Persiano - Acta Cryst. (2012) E68, i27 - i28
          • Monte Belo
    		Luis Menezes
          • Taquaral
    		Neil Hubbard specimen
    • São Paulo
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 826.
    Burma (Myanmar)
     
    • Mandalay Division
      • Pyin-Oo-Lwin District
    		http://www.ruby-sapphire.com/r-s-bk-burma2.htm
          • Kyauk-Pyat-That
    		Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
          • Mogok Valley
    		Themelis, Ted, 2008, Gems and Mines of Mogok.
          • Pein-Pyit (Painpyit; Pyan Pyit)
    		Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
    		Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 1339-1345.
      • Lac-du-Bonnet area
        • Bernic Lake
    		Econ Geol (1995) 90:658-675
    Econ Geol (1995) 90:658-675
    Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 11,pp.591-608 (1972)
    • Northwest Territories
      • Tungsten
    		The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 41, pp. 139-160 (2003)
    • Nova Scotia
      • Lunenburg Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 826.
      • Yarmouth Co.
    		Hughes, Steven G., "Internal Zonation and Mineralogy of the Brazil Lake Pegmatite", Unpublished B.Sc. Thesis, Saint Mary's University, Augist 1995.
    • Ontario
      • Kenora District
        • Red Lake
    		Andrew G. Tindle, Fred W. Breaks and Julie B. Selway (2002) Tourmaline in petalite-subtype granitic pegmatites; evidence of fractionation and contamination from the Paleagama Lake and Separation Lake areas of northwestern Ontario, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist 40:753-78
    China
     
    • Fujian Province
      • Nanping Prefecture
        • Yanping District
          • Nanping pegmatite field
    		Yang Yueqing, Ni Yunxiang, Wang Liben, Wang Wenying, Zhang Yaping, and Chen Chenghu (1988): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 7(1), 49-58.
    Yeuqing Yang, Yunxiang Ni, Yongquan Guo, Yaping Zhang, and Jiapin Liu (1986): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica [Yanshi Kuangwuxue Zashi] 5(2), 119–127.
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Yichun Prefecture
        • Yuanzhou District
          • Yichun complex (Yashan batholith)
    		Xudong Che, Rucheng Wang, Huan Hu, Wenlan Zhang, and Xiaolong Huang (2007): Acta Petrologica Sinica 23(6), 1552-1560
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Aletai (Altay) Prefecture
          • Fuyun Co. (Koktokay Co.)
            • Koktokay (Keketuohai) Pegmatite field
              • Altay Mine
    		Huanzhang Lu, Zhonggang Wang, and Yuansheng Li (1997): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 16(1), 43-52.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Aš (Asch)
    		Breiter K., Škoda R., Veselovský F.: Neobvyklý P-, Li- a Sn-bohatý pegmatit z Vernéřova u Aše, Česká republika. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2009, roč. 17, č. 1, s. 41-59.
      • Plzeň Region
        • Poběžovice (Ronsperg; Ronsberg; Ronsperk)
          • Otov
    		Masau, M., Staněk, J., Černý, P., Chapman, R. (2000). Metasomatic wolfeite and associated phosphates from the Otov I granitic pegmatite, western Bohemia. J. Czech Geol. Soc. 45, 159-173.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Velké Meziříčí
    		Novák, M., Staněk, J.: Lepidolitový pegmatit od Dobré Vody u Velkého Meziříčí, západní Morava. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 1999, roč. 84, s. 3 - 44.
        • Žďár nad Sázavou
    		Novák, M.: Amblygonit a produkty jeho přeměny v Li pegmatitu z Rožné. Minerál, 2001, roč. 9, č. 5, s. 326-327
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Sud-Kivu
      • Lusungu River District
    Egypt
     
    • Red Sea Governorate
      • Eastern Desert
    		Gehad M. Saleh (2007) Rare-Metal Pegmatites from the Southeastern Desert, Egypt: Geology, Geochemistry, and Petrogenesis. International Geology Review Vol. 49:824-843.
    Finland
     
    • Southwestern Finland Region
      • Kemiö (Kimito) Island
    		GFF (1899) 21, 639-640
    • Western and Inner Finland Region
      • Kuortane
    		H-J Wilke (1976) Mineralfundstellen, Band 4, Skandinavien
      • Orivesi
        • Eräjärvi area
    		No reference listed
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Allier
        • Ébreuil
          • Échassières
    		G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français) et la genèse de leur minéralisations (BRGM, 1969)
    de ROSEN, A. (1966): Évolution continue d'un massif granitique et succession minérale: le massif des Colettes (Échassières, Allier). Deuxième partie: filons, altérations et minéralisations. – Bull. Minéral. Franç. Minéral. Cristallogr., 89, 155-176.
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
    		Berbain,C., Riley, T., Favreau, G., (2012): Phosphates des pegmatites du massif des Albères (Pyrénées-Orientales). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs. 117, 121-172
    • Limousin
      • Creuse
        • Soumans
          • Montebras
    		Des Cloizeaux, M. (1871): Note sur la montebrasite. Comptes rendus de l`Académie des Sciences, Paris. 73, 306; Des Cloizeaux, M. (1872): Nouvelle note sur l`amblygonite et la montebrasite. Comptes rendus de l`Académie des Sciences, Paris. 75, 114-115 ; Patureau, J., Chiappero, P-J. & Lebocey, J. (2011): Mines et minéraux de Montebras, Soumans, Creuse. Le Règne Minéral. 99, 5-33
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Hitachiohta City
    		Sakurai et al (1977) Ganseki-Koubutsu-Koshogaku Zasshi, 72, 13-27.
    • Kyushu Region
      • Fukuoka Prefecture
    		www.petrovrareminerals.com/articles02.html
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Eastern Kazakhstan Province (Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast')
      • Kalba Range
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Morocco
     
    • Marrakech-Tensift-El Haouz Region
      • El Kelaâ des Sraghna Province
    		Fontan, F. (1978) : Etude minéralogique et essais expérimentaux sur les phosphates de fer et de manganèse des pegmatites des Jebilet (Maroc) et des Pyrénées (France), PhD thesis, Toulouse, 272 p.
    Mozambique
     
    • Zambezia Province
      • Alto Ligonha District
    		Martins da Pedra photo
    Dias, M. Bettencourt and Wilson, W. E., 2000, Mineralogical Record, 31:459-497.
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 826.
        • Usakos
    		Von Bezing, L., Bode, R., and Jahn, S., (2008) Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern. 409 (in English).
      • Swakopmund District
        • Cape Cross area
    		http://www.mineral.tu-freiberg.de/econgeology/lehre/namibia/snlipegm/snlipegm_2_4.html
    Pakistan
     
    • Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas)
      • Baltistan
        • Skardu District
          • Braldu Valley
    		Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut); Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
    Portugal
     
    • Guarda District
      • Guarda
    		João Farinha Ramos (2007) Locality no. 5: Seixo Amarelo-Gonçalo Rare Element Aplite-Pegmatite Field. in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 73-86.
    João Farinha Ramos (2007) Locality no. 5: Seixo Amarelo-Gonçalo Rare Element Aplite-Pegmatite Field. in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 73-86.
      • Vila Nova de Foz Côa
        • Almendra
    		Romeu Vieira, Alexandre Lima (2007) Locality no. 2, Bajoca mine, Almendra, Portugal. in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 49-54
    • Vila Real District
    		Martins, T., Lima, A., Simmons, W.B. Falster, A.U. & Noronha, F. (2011): Geochemical fractionation of Nb-Ta oxides in Li-bearing pegmatites from the Barroso-Alvão pegmatite field, Northern Portugal. Canadian Mineralogist. 49, 777-791
    Novák, M. et al. (2009): Ferronigerite with dominant substitution TiSn-1 in muscovite+chlorite aggregate from massive quartz nodule associated with a petalite-rich aplite-pegmatite of the Barroso-Alvão pegmatite field, Northern Portugal. N. Jb. Mineral. Abh. 186, 67-78.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Verkhoyansk
          • Yana River Basin
            • Yana-Adycha Region
              • Arga-Ynnakh-Khai granite Massif
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Voron'i Tundry
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Rwanda
     
    • Western Province
      • Gatumba District
    		Daltry, V.D.C. and O. von Knorring (1998) Type-Mineralogy of Rwanda with Particular Reference to the Buranga Pegmatite. Geologica Belgica 1:1-9
    Fransolet, Andre-Mathieu, 1989, The Problem of Na-Li Substitution in Primary Li-Al Phosphates: New Data on Lacroixite, a Relatively Widespread Mineral, Canadian Mineralogist, v. 27, p. 211-217.
    F. Hatert, P. Lefèvre, A.M. Fransolet, M.R. Spirlet, F. Fontan, P. Keller : "Ferrorosemaryite, []NaFe2+Fe3+Al(PO4)3, a new phosphate mineral from the Rubindi pegmatite, Rwanda", Bull. Liaison S.F.M.C., Vol. 16, 2004, pp 44-45.
    Bertossa, A., 1967. Inventaire des minéraux du Rwanda. Bulletin du Service Géologique de Rwanda 4, 25-45.
    Spain
     
    • Castile and Leon
      • Salamanca
        • Barquilla Sn-Ge-Cd-Cu-Fe Deposit
        • Garcirrey
    		American Mineralogist 89:110-125 (2004); Encarnación Roda-Robles, Alfonso Pesquera (2007) Locality no. 4: The Phosphates-Rich Cañada Pegmatite (Aldehuela de La Bóveda, Salamanca, Spain) in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 67-72.
    Encarnación Roda-Robles, Alfonso Pesquera (2007) Locality no. 3: Lepidolite-spodumene-rich and cassiterite-rich pegmatites from the Feli open-pit, (La Fregeneda, Salamanca, Spain) in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 55-64
    Encarnación Roda-Robles, Alfonso Pesquera (2007) Locality no. 3: Lepidolite-spodumene-rich and cassiterite-rich pegmatites from the Feli open-pit, (La Fregeneda, Salamanca, Spain) in ALEXANDRE LIMA & ENCARNACIÓN RODA ROBLES ed (2007) GRANITIC PEGMATITES: THE STATE OF THE ART - FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK. MEMÓRIAS N. º 9, UNIV. DO PORTO, FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA pp 55-64
      • Zamora
        • Villar del Buey
          • Pinilla de Fermoselle
    		American Mineralogist: 90: 1887-1899.
    • Catalonia
      • Girona (Gerona)
        • Alt Empordà
          • Cadaqués
    		Bareche, E. (2005) "Els minerals de Catalunya. Segle XX" Ed. Museu Mollfulleda de Mineralogia - Grup Mineralògic Català, 269 p.
    • Extremadura
      • Cáceres
        • Cáceres
    		Weibel, M. (1955): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 4, 379-411.
    Weibel, M. (1955): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 4, 379-411.
        • Logrosán
    		Weibel, M. (1955): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 4, 379-411.
    • Galicia
      • Pontevedra
        • Forcarei
    		Fuertes-Fuente, M., Martin-Izard, A., Boiron, M.C., and Mangas, J. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 332-345.
        • Lalín
    		Fuertes-Fuente, M., Martin-Izard, A., Boiron, M.C., and Mangas, J. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 332-345.
    Sweden
     
    • Södermanland
      • Norrö
    		No reference listed
    • Västerbotten
      • Skellefteå
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 826.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Devon
        • Okehampton area (Northern Dartmoor)
    		von Knorring, O. and Condliffe, E. 1984 On the occurrence of niobium-tantalum and other rare-element minerals in the Meldon aplite, Devonshire. Mineralogical Magazine, 48, 443-448.; Andy Tindle microprobe analysis
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Maricopa Co.
        • White Picacho District
          • San Domingo Wash
    		Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 20 (Table A-1).
    Jahns, R.H. (1952), Pegmatite deposits of the White Picacho District, Maricopa and Yavapai Cos., AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 80-83; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 303.
      • Yavapai Co.
    		AmMin 67: 97-113 (1982)
          • Independence Gulch
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 303; Jahns, R.H. (1952), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 104-105.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 303; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 22 (Table A-1).
    Jahns, R.H. (1952), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 103; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 303; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 21 (Table A-1).
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 303.
    Jahns, R.H. (1952), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 87-90; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 22 (Table A-1).
    Jahns, Richard H. (1952), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 162: 86-87; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 23 (Table A-1).
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 303.
    • California
      • San Diego Co.
        • Banner District
          • Rodriguez Canyon
    		Kunz, G., 1904, Amblygonite, Precious Stones, Mineral Resources of the United States. Calendar Year 1903, p. 313.
        • Mesa Grande District
          • Gem Hill
    		Michael W. Kieron collection
        • Pala District
          • Pala
            • Chief Mountain
    		The personal collections of Roland Reed and Mark Mauthner.
              • Oceanview Mine (MS 6452; MS 6848; Ocean View mine)
    		personal collections (Reed, Mauthner)
            • Hiriart Mountain (Hariat Mtn; Harriot Mtn; Heriart Mtn; Heriot Mtn; Hiriat Hill)
    		Van King
        • Rincon District
          • Rincon
            • Rincon Mountain
    		Van King (2011)
    • Colorado
      • Fremont Co.
        • Eight Mile Park pegmatite District
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 15, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
    Rocks & Min. (2007) 82:237
      • Gunnison Co.
        • Quartz Creek District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • Connecticut
      • Fairfield Co.
        • Town of Ridgefield
          • Branchville
    		Penfield, Samuel L. (1879): On the Chemical Compositon of Amblygonite. American Journal of Science. Series 3, Vol 18, pp. 295-301.
      • Middlesex Co.
        • Portland
          • Collins Hill
            • Strickland pegmatite (Strickland-Cramer Quarry; Strickland-Cramer Mine; Strickland-Cramer Feldspar-Mica Quarries)
    		Little, L. W. (1942): Recent Finds of Minerals in Central Connecticut. Rocks and Minerals, vol. 17, pp. 280-2.; Bartsch, Rudolf C. B. (1940): New England Notes. Rocks & Minerals, vol. 15, no. 6, p. 202.
    Weber &Sullivan, 1995. "Connecticut Mineral Locality Index" in Rocks & Minerals Vol 70. No. 6.; Rocks & Minerals (1995) 70:396-409
    Rocks & Min.: 70:403; Rocks & Minerals (1970) 45:443-449; Rocks & Minerals (1970) 45:595-600
    • Maine
      • Androscoggin Co.
        • Auburn
          • East Mount Apatite District
    		No reference listed
    King,V.T and Foord, E.E. (1994): Mineralogy of Maine, Vol. 1: Discriptive Mineralogy. P.241
    No reference listed
    Personally collected and sight identified in 2010. Dan Levesque collection.
          • West Mount Apatite District
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
        • Poland
    		King, V. T. and Foord, E. E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, Descriptive Mineralogy, volume 1, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, USA, pp. 418 + 88 plates.
      • Cumberland Co.
        • Town of Baldwin
          • West Baldwin
    		Thompson, W.B., et,al., 2000, Rocks & Minerals, vol. 75, no. 6, pgs 408-418; Mineral News (2000) 16:1 pp1,4,5
      • Franklin Co.
        • D
    		No reference listed
      • Knox Co.
        • Warren
    		No reference listed
      • Oxford Co.
        • Buckfield
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1, King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2.
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1., V.2
    No reference listed
        • Greenwood
    		Maine Pegmatite Workshop 2004
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, volume 1.
    Van King
    No reference listed
          • Uncle Tom Mountain
    		Mineral News (1991) 7:3 pp6,7,10
        • Hebron
    		Palache, C., Richmond, W. E., and Wolfe, C. W., 1943, On Amblygonite, American Mineralogist, v. 28, p. 39-53.
        • Newry
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2.; Mineralogical Record 22:382
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2, with updates by Van King
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2.
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1; King, V, 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, Oxford County, Maine, Mineral News, v. 22 (6), p. 1-3.
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine.
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1; King, V, 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, Oxford County, Maine, Mineral News, v. 22 (6), p. 1-3.
        • Paris
        • Peru
        • Rumford
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
        • Stoneham
    		No reference listed
    Thompson et al., 1998, A Collector's Guide to Maine Mineral Localities
      • Sagadahoc Co.
        • Georgetown
    		Anthony Albini collection
    • Massachusetts
      • Worcester Co.
        • Leominster
    		Harvard Mineralogical Museum, no. 95038
    • New Hampshire
      • Cheshire Co.
        • Walpole
    		Morrill, P., 1960, New Hampshire Mines and Mineral Localities.
      • Grafton Co.
        • Groton
    		NIZAMOFF, James W., SIMMONS, William B., and FALSTER, Alexander U. (2004) PHOSPHATE MINERALOGY AND PARAGENESIS OF THE PALERMO #2 PEGMATITE, NORTH GROTON, NEW HAMPSHIRE Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 36, No. 5, p. 115
    Journal of Pegmatology vol. 1, no. 1 ; Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 36, No. 5, p. 115
      • Strafford Co.
        • Strafford
          • Parker Mountain
    		Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp234-241
      • Sullivan Co.
        • Newport
    		No reference listed
    • New Mexico
      • Eddy Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Taos Co.
        • Picuris District
    		Richard Jahns
    • North Carolina
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Kings Mountain District
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1985) 60:76-82
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Berne
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
          • Custer
    		Van King
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
          • Fourmile
    		Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117-118.; Staatz, M. H.; Page, L. R.; Norton, J. J.; Wilmarth, V. R. (1963) Exploration for beryllium at the Helen Beryl, Elkhorn, and Tin Mountain pegmatites, Custer County, South Dakota. USGS Prof. Paper 297C.
    Mineralogical Record: 17: 237-254; Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117.
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
          • Keystone
    		Rocks & Min.:10:147 & 60:112,116.
    Rocks & Min.:60:110,112 & 116.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 32 (Table A-1).; USGS Prof Paper 297A
    Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 33 (Table A-1).; U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 297
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Mashonaland
      • Mtoko
        • Benson Mine
    		Gallagher, M.J. (1967): Phosphates and other minerals in pegmatites of Rhodesia and Uganda. Mineralogical Magazine. 36, 50-59
    • Masvingo District
      • Bikita Area
    		Gallagher, M.J. (1967): Phosphates and other minerals in pegmatites of Rhodesia and Uganda. Mineralogical Magazine. 36, 50-59
    • Matabeleland North
      • Hwange District
        • Dete (Dett)
    		Gallagher, M.J. (1967): Phosphates and other minerals in pegmatites of Rhodesia and Uganda. Mineralogical Magazine. 36, 50-59
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