Mordenite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Mordenite
Formula:
(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Colour:
Colourless, white, yellowish, pinkish
Lustre:
Vitreous, Silky
Hardness:
3 - 4
Specific Gravity:
2.12 - 2.15
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
For the community of Morden, Nova Scotia, the type locality.
Type Locality:
Zeolite Group.
An unnamed K-dominant "mordenite" seems to exist in nature (e.g., Lo et al., 1991; Lo & Hsieh, 1991; Coombs et al., 1997; Sun et al., 2003). It is well-known as a synthetic compound.
An unnamed K-dominant "mordenite" seems to exist in nature (e.g., Lo et al., 1991; Lo & Hsieh, 1991; Coombs et al., 1997; Sun et al., 2003). It is well-known as a synthetic compound.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2779
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2779:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
e2e40263-d553-4bc3-9099-15b081de4e45
IMA Classification of Mordenite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1864
Classification of Mordenite
9.GD.35
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
D : Chains of 6-membered rings – tabular zeolites
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
D : Chains of 6-membered rings – tabular zeolites
77.1.6.1
77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
1 : Zeolite group - True zeolites
77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
1 : Zeolite group - True zeolites
16.10.15
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
10 : Aluminosilicates of Ca and alkalis
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
10 : Aluminosilicates of Ca and alkalis
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Mor | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Mor | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Mor | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Mor | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Physical Properties of Mordenite
Vitreous, Silky
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on {010}
Colour:
Colourless, white, yellowish, pinkish
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 - 4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {100}; distinct on {010}.
Perfect on {100}; distinct on {010}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.12 - 2.15 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.125 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Mordenite
Type:
Biaxial (+/-)
RI values:
nα = 1.472 - 1.483 nβ = 1.475 - 1.485 nγ = 1.477 - 1.487
2V:
Measured: 76° to 104°, Calculated: 78° to 88°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.005
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none
Optical Extinction:
X = c; Y = a; Z = b.
Chemistry of Mordenite
Mindat Formula:
(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Common Impurities:
Mg
Crystallography of Mordenite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 18.16 Å, b = 20.45 Å, c = 7.54 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.888 : 1 : 0.369
Unit Cell V:
2,800.14 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prismatic crystals, acicular to fine fibrous, radiating groups, cottony aggregates, compact, porcelaneous.
Comment:
Point Group: mm2 or 2/m 2/m 2/m:; Space Group: Cmc21 or Cmcm
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0003443 | Mordenite | Simoncic P, Armbruster T (2004) Peculiarity and defect structure of the natural and synthetic zeolite mordenite: A single-crystal X-ray study American Mineralogist 89 421-431 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0003444 | Mordenite | Simoncic P, Armbruster T (2004) Peculiarity and defect structure of the natural and synthetic zeolite mordenite: A single-crystal X-ray study American Mineralogist 89 421-431 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006588 | Mordenite | Passaglia E, Artioli G, Gualtieri A, Carnevali R (1995) Diagenetic mordenite from Ponza, Italy European Journal of Mineralogy 7 429-438 | 1995 | Ponza, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0006995 | Mordenite | Martucci A, Sacerdoti M, Cruciani G, Dalconi C (2003) In situ time resolved synchrotron powder diffraction study of mordenite European Journal of Mineralogy 15 485-493 | 2003 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006996 | Mordenite | Martucci A, Sacerdoti M, Cruciani G, Dalconi C (2003) In situ time resolved synchrotron powder diffraction study of mordenite European Journal of Mineralogy 15 485-493 | 2003 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006997 | Mordenite | Martucci A, Sacerdoti M, Cruciani G, Dalconi C (2003) In situ time resolved synchrotron powder diffraction study of mordenite European Journal of Mineralogy 15 485-493 | 2003 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006998 | Mordenite | Martucci A, Sacerdoti M, Cruciani G, Dalconi C (2003) In situ time resolved synchrotron powder diffraction study of mordenite European Journal of Mineralogy 15 485-493 | 2003 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.483 Å | (100) |
3.222 Å | (100) |
9.10 Å | (90) |
6.61 Å | (90) |
3.999 Å | (90) |
3.393 Å | (90) |
4.525 Å | (80) |
Comments:
Aros, Isle of Mull, Scotland. Data from Harris and Brindley (1954).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies) | |
10 : Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals | |
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
14 : Hot springs, geysers, and other subaerial geothermal minerals | |
16 : Low-𝑇 aqueous alteration of Hadean subaerial lithologies (see also #23) | |
17 : Marine authigenic Hadean minerals (see also #24) | |
Near-surface Processes | |
24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17) | |
25 : Evaporites (prebiotic) |
Geological Setting:
Veins and amygdaloids in igneous rocks.
Type Occurrence of Mordenite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Rounded masses to about 5 cm, blotched with green celadonite. White, yellowish or pink, sometimes with a thin yellowish crust. With a very fine fibrous structure.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, R4062; The Natural History Museum, London, England, 52574.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Basalt.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
How, H. (1864) On mordenite, a new mineral from the trap of Nova Scotia. Journal of the Chemical Society (London): 17: 100-104.
Synonyms of Mordenite
Other Language Names for Mordenite
Relationship of Mordenite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Alflarsenite | NaCa2Be3Si4O13(OH) · 2H2O | Mon. 2 : P21 |
Amicite | K2Na2Al4Si4O16 · 5H2O | Mon. 2 |
Ammonioleucite | (NH4)(AlSi2O6) | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Bellbergite | (K,Ba,Sr)2Sr2Ca2(Ca,Na)4[Al3Si3O12]6 · 30H2O | Hex. |
Bikitaite | LiAlSi2O6 · H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Boggsite | Ca8Na3(Si,Al)96O192 · 70H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma |
Brewsterite Subgroup | Zeolite Group. | |
Chabazite-Levyne Subgroup | M[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O | |
Chiavennite | CaMnBe2Si5O13(OH)2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Clinoptilolite Subgroup | M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O | |
Cowlesite | CaAl2Si3O10 · 6H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Dachiardite Subgroup | Zeolite Group. | |
Direnzoite | NaK6MgCa2(Al13Si47O120) · 36H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn |
Edingtonite | Ba[Al2Si3O10] · 4H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Epistilbite | CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O | Mon. |
Erionite Subgroup | M2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O | |
Faujasite Subgroup | M3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O | |
Ferrierite Subgroup | Zeolite Group. | |
Ferrochiavennite | Ca1-2Fe[(Si,Al,Be)5Be2O13(OH)2] · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Flörkeite | (K3Ca2Na)[Al8Si8O32] · 12H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Garronite Subgroup | ||
Gaultite | Na4Zn2Si7O18 · 5H2O | Orth. mm2 : Fdd2 |
Gismondine Subgroup | Zeolite Group. | |
Gmelinite Subgroup | In 1997, gmelinite was split into Gmelinite-Ca, Gmelinite-Na and Gmelinite-K. | |
Gobbinsite | Na5(Si11Al5)O32 · 11H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Goosecreekite | Ca[Al2Si6O16] · 5H2O | Mon. 2 : P21 |
Gottardiite | Na3Mg3Ca5Al19Si117O272 · 93H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca |
Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O | |
Hsianghualite | Ca3Li2(Be3Si3O12)F2 | Iso. 4 3 2 : I41 3 2 |
Kirchhoffite | Cs(BSi2O6) | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/acd |
Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Loomisite | Ba[Be2P2O8] · H2O | Mon. m |
Lovdarite | K2Na6Be4Si14O36 · 9H2O | Orth. mm2 |
Maricopaite | Pb7Ca2(Si,Al)48O100 · 32H2O | Orth. |
Martinandresite | Ba2(Al4Si12O32) · 10H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn |
Mazzite Subgroup | Zeolite Group. | |
Merlinoite | (K,Na)5(Ca,Ba)2Al9Si23O64 · 23H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Immm |
Montesommaite | (K,Na)9Al9Si23O64 · 10H2O | Orth. mm2 : Fdd2 |
Mutinaite | Na3Ca4Si85Al11O192 · 60H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Nabesite | Na2BeSi4O10 · 4H2O | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Natrolite Subgroup | A subgroup of the Zeolite Group. | |
Offretite | KCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O | Hex. 6 m2 : P6m2 |
Pahasapaite | Li8(Ca,Li,K)10.5Be24(PO4)24 · 38H2O | Iso. 2 3 : I2 3 |
Parthéite | Ca2(Si4Al4) O15 (OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Paulingite Subgroup | Paulingite was originally described in 1960. | |
Perlialite | K9Na(Ca,Sr)[Al2Si4O12]6 · 15H2O | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm |
Phillipsite Subgroup | Zeolite Group. | |
Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d |
Roggianite | Ca2Be(OH)2Al2Si4O13 · 2.5H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mcm |
Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O | |
Terranovaite | (Na,Ca)8(Si68Al12)O160 · 29H2O | Orth. |
Thomsonite Subgroup | The large majority of "thomsonite" is thomsonite-Ca. | |
Tschernichite | (Ca,Na2)[Al2Si4O12] · 4-8H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm |
Tschörtnerite | Ca4(Ca,Sr,K,Ba)3Cu3[Al3Si3O12]4(OH)8 · nH2O | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
UM1996-38-SiO:AlCaHNa | Na-Ca-Al-Si-O-H | |
UM1999-33-SiO:AlHKNa | K7Na5Al12Si20O64 · 24H2O | |
UM2002-40-SiO:AlCaHKMgNa | (Mg,Ca,Na,K)7.5(Al12.8Si51.2)O128 · 65H2O | Tet. 4 2 2 : P41 2 2 |
Unnamed (Ca analogue of Merlinoite) | (Ca,K,Na)5(Ca,Ba)2Al9Si23O64 · 23H2O ? | |
Wairakite | Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Weinebeneite | CaBe3(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. m : Bb |
Wenkite | (Ba,K)4(Ca,Na)6[(Si,Al)20O39(OH)2](SO4)3 · 0.5H2O | Hex. 6 m2 : P62m |
Willhendersonite | KCa[Al3Si3O12] · 5H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Yugawaralite | CaAl2Si6O16 · 4H2O | Mon. m : Pb |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
172 photos of Mordenite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
151 photos of Mordenite associated with Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
121 photos of Mordenite associated with Heulandite-Ca | (Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O |
106 photos of Mordenite associated with Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
105 photos of Mordenite associated with Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
88 photos of Mordenite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
67 photos of Mordenite associated with Cavansite | Ca(VO)Si4O10 · 4H2O |
66 photos of Mordenite associated with Clinoptilolite Subgroup | M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
65 photos of Mordenite associated with Pentagonite | Ca(VO)Si4O10 · 4H2O |
63 photos of Mordenite associated with Chalcedony | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.GD.05 | Gmelinite-Ca | Ca2(Si8Al4O24] · 11H2O |
9.GD.05 | Gmelinite-K | K4(Si8Al4O24) · 11H2O |
9.GD.05 | Gmelinite-Na | Na4(Si8Al4O24] · 11H2O |
9.GD.10 | Willhendersonite | KCa[Al3Si3O12] · 5H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-K | (K2,Ca,Na2,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Sr | Sr2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Mg | (Mg0.7K0.5Ca0.5Na0.1)[Al3Si9O24] · 10H2O |
9.GD.15 | Lévyne-Ca | (Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O |
9.GD.15 | Lévyne-Na | (Na2,Ca,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O |
9.GD.20 | Bellbergite | (K,Ba,Sr)2Sr2Ca2(Ca,Na)4[Al3Si3O12]6 · 30H2O |
9.GD.20 | Erionite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
9.GD.20 | Erionite-K | (K2,Ca,Na2)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
9.GD.20 | Erionite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
9.GD.25 | Offretite | KCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O |
9.GD.25 | Wenkite | (Ba,K)4(Ca,Na)6[(Si,Al)20O39(OH)2](SO4)3 · 0.5H2O |
9.GD.30 | Faujasite-Ca | (Ca,Na2,Mg)3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O |
9.GD.30 | Faujasite-Mg | (Mg,Na2,Ca)3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O |
9.GD.30 | Faujasite-Na | (Na2,Ca,Mg)3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O |
9.GD.35 | Maricopaite | Pb7Ca2(Si,Al)48O100 · 32H2O |
9.GD.40 | Dachiardite-K | K4(Si20Al4O48) · 13H2O |
9.GD.40 | Dachiardite-Ca | (Ca,Na2,K2)5Al10Si38O96 · 25H2O |
9.GD.40 | Dachiardite-Na | (Na2,Ca,K2)5Al10Si38O96 · 25H2O |
9.GD.45 | Epistilbite | CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O |
9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-K | (K,Na)5(Si31Al5)O72 · 18H2O |
9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-Mg | [Mg2(K,Na)2Ca0.5](Si29Al7)O72 · 18H2O |
9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-Na | (Na,K)5(Si31Al5)O72 · 18H2O |
9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-NH4 | (NH4,Mg0.5)5(Al5Si31O72) · 22H2O |
9.GD.55 | Bikitaite | LiAlSi2O6 · H2O |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Before the blowpipe it fuses in a good heat without any
intumescence to a glassy bead or white enamel.
intumescence to a glassy bead or white enamel.
Notes:
Does not gelatinize, but gives slimy silica in hydrochloric acid.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Mordenite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2779.html
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References for Mordenite
Reference List:
How, Henry (1864) On mordenite, a new mineral from the trap of Nova Scotia. Journal of the Chemical Society, 17. 100-104 doi:10.1039/js8641700100
Schaller, Waldemar T. (1932) Ptilolite from Utah. American Mineralogist, 17 (4) 125-127 (as ptilolite)
Harris, P. G., Brindley, G. W. (1954) Mordenite as an alteration product of a pitchstone glass. American Mineralogist, 39 (9-10) 819-824
Pechar, F., Rykl, D. (1983) Study of the complex vibrational spectra of natural zeolite mordenites. Zeolites, 3 (4) 329-332 doi:10.1016/0144-2449(83)90177-x
Alberti, A., Davoli, P., Vezzalini, G. (1986) The crystal structure refinement of a natural mordenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 175 (1-4) 249-256 doi:10.1524/zkri.1986.175.14.249
Tschernich, Rudy W. (1992) Zeolites of the World. Geoscience Press, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona. 567pp.pp.336-351
Coombs, Douglas S., Alberti, Alberto, Armbruster, Thomas, Artioli, Gilberto, Colella, Carmine, Galli, Ermanno, Grice, Joel D., Liebau, Friedrich, Mandarino, Joseph A., Minato, Hideo, Nickel, Ernest H., Passaglia, Elio, Peacor, Donald R., Quartieri, Simona, Rinaldi, Romano, Ross, Malcolm I., Sheppard, Richard A., Tillmanns, Ekkehart, Vezzalini, Giovanna (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals; report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (6) 1571-1606
Cressey, G. (2004) W.A. Deer, R.A. Howie, W.S. Wise and J. Zussman. Rock-Forming Minerals. Volume 4B. Second Edition. Framework Silicates: Silica Minerals, Feldspathoids and the Zeolites.
London (The Geological Society) 2004, xv + 982 pp. £125 (£62.50 to GSL members) ISBN 1-86239-144-0. Hardback. Mineralogical Magazine, 68 (5) 831-832 doi:10.1180/0680831pp.401-407
Localities for Mordenite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Selgil, Berufjörður, Djúpavogshreppur, Múlaþing, Eastern Region, Iceland