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Murmanite

Big Photo

Flora Mt, Lovozero Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
© B. Otter

Show Murmanite Photos (16)
Formula:
Na
 
2
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
9
·nH
 
2
O
System:TriclinicColour:Lilac to pink, alters to ...
Hardness:2½ - 3


Murmanite Group.

Classification of Murmanite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/E.15-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.BE.27

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:56.2.7.2

56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.8.2

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
8 : Silicates with niobate or tantalate
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-2813.html
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Type Occurrence of Murmanite

Co-type Localities:Chinglusuai River Valley, Lovozero Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
Raslak Cirques, Lovozero Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
Year of Discovery:1923

Physical Properties of Murmanite

Lustre:Greasy, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Lilac to pink, alters to silvery white-yellow, brown to black.
Streak:Pink to red or brown
Hardness (Mohs):2½ - 3

Crystallography of Murmanite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 10.53Å, b = 13.88Å, c = 11.68Å
α = 94.31°, β = 98.62°, γ = 89.81°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.759 : 1 : 0.841
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,683.00 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Optical Data of Murmanite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.682 - 1.735 nβ = 1.765 - 1.770 nγ = 1.807 - 1.839
2V:Measured: 57° to 64°, Calculated: 66° to 74°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.125

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v weak

Chemical Properties of Murmanite

Formula:
Na
 
2
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
9
·nH
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, Na, O, Si, Ti
All elements listed in formula:H, Na, Nb, O, Si, Ti
Common Impurities:Zr,Fe,Ta,Mn,Mg,Ca,K,P

Relationship of Murmanite to other Species

Related to:
  • Murmanite Group
    • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
    9.BE.02Wadsleyite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.BE.05Hennomartinite
    SrMn
    3+
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.05Lawsonite
    CaAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.05Noelbensonite
    BaMn
    3+
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.05Itoigawaite
    SrAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.07Ilvaite
    CaFe
    2+
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		[O|OH|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.07Manganilvaite
    Ca(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		[O|OH|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.10Suolunite
    Ca
     
    2
    		[H
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.12Jaffeite
    Ca
     
    6
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.15Fresnoite
    Ba
     
    2
    		Ti[O|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Baghdadite
    Ca
     
    3
    		(Zr,Ti)[O
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Burpalite
    Na
     
    2
    		CaZr[F
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Cuspidine
    Ca
     
    4
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Hiortdahlite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    3
    		(Zr,Ti)Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    2
    9.BE.17Janhaugite
    (Na,Ca)
     
    3
    		(Mn,Fe)
     
    3
    		(Ti,Zr,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    15
    		(OH,F,O)
     
    3
    9.BE.17Låvenite
    (Na,Ca)
     
    2
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)(Zr,Ti)[(O,OH,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Niocalite
    (Ca,Nb)
     
    4
    		[(O,OH,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Normandite
    NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)[(O,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Wöhlerite
    NaCa
     
    2
    		(Zr,Nb)[(O,OH,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Hiortdahlite I
    (Na
     
    3
    		Ca)Ca
     
    8
    		Zr
     
    2
    		(M
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    4
    		O
     
    3
    		F
     
    5
    9.BE.17IMA2005-005a
    Na
     
    2
    		Ca
     
    4
    		(Nb,Zr)
     
    2
    		[(O,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.20Mosandrite
    (Ca,Na,Ce)
     
    12
    		(Ti,Zr)
     
    2
    		[F
     
    4
    		|(OH)
     
    6
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.BE.20Nacareniobsite-(Ce)
    Na
     
    3
    		Ca
     
    3
    		(Ce,La,Nd)Nb[F
     
    3
    		|O|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.BE.20Rinkite
    Na(Na,Ca)
     
    2
    		(Ca,Ce)
     
    4
    		Ti[F
     
    2
    		|(O,F)
     
    2
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.BE.22Götzenite
    Na
     
    2
    		Ca
     
    5
    		Ti[F
     
    4
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.BE.22Hainite
    Na
     
    4
    		Ca
     
    8
    		(Ti,Zr,Mn)
     
    3
    		[F
     
    4
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.22Rosenbuschite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    3
    		(Zr,Ti)[O|F|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.22Kochite
    (Na,Ca)
     
    3
    		Ca
     
    2
    		(Mn,Ca)ZrTi[(F,O)
     
    4
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.BE.23Dovyrenite
    Ca
     
    6
    		Zr(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    4
    9.BE.25Barytolamprophyllite
    (Ba,Na)
     
    2
    		(Na,Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    4
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O|(OH,F)|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.25Ericssonite
    BaMn
    2+
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		[O|OH|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.25Lamprophyllite
    (Sr,K,Ba)
     
    2
    		(Na,Ti,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    4
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O|(O,OH,F)|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.25Orthoericssonite
    BaMn
    2+
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		[O|OH|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.25Seidozerite
    Na
     
    8
    		Zr
     
    3
    		Ti
     
    3
    		Mn
    2+
    2
    		[O|F|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    4
    9.BE.25Nabalamprophyllite
    Na
     
    3
    		(Ba,Na)
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    3
    		[O|(OH,F)|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.25Grenmarite
    (Zr,Mn)
     
    2
    		(Zr,Ti)(Mn,Na)(Na,Ca)
     
    4
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		(O,F)
     
    4
    9.BE.30Epistolite
    Na
     
    2
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    2
    		[O
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · nH
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.32Lomonosovite
    Na
     
    5
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O
     
    2
    		|PO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.35Vuonnemite
    Na
     
    11
    		Ti
    4+
     
    		Nb
     
    2
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    		(F,OH)
    9.BE.37Sobolevite
    Na
     
    12
    		Ca(NaCaMn)Ti
     
    2
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		O
     
    3
    		F
     
    3
    9.BE.40Innelite
    Na
     
    2
    		(Ba,K)
     
    4
    		(Mg,Ca,Fe)Ti
     
    3
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    18
    		(OH,F)
     
    1.5
    		SO
     
    4
    9.BE.40Phosphoinnelite
    Ba
     
    4
    		Na
     
    3
    		Ti
     
    3
    		[(O,F)
     
    3
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		,SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    14
    		]
    9.BE.42Yoshimuraite
    Ba
     
    2
    		Mn
     
    2
    		TiOSi
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)(OH)
    9.BE.45Quadruphite
    Na
     
    14
    		Ca
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    4
    		[O
     
    2
    		|F|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.47Polyphite
    Na
     
    5
    		(Na
     
    4
    		Ca
     
    2
    		)Ti
     
    2
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		O
     
    2
    		F
     
    2
    9.BE.50Bornemanite
    BaNa
     
    4
    		Ti
     
    2
    		NbSi
     
    4
    		O
     
    17
    		(F,OH)·Na
     
    3
    		PO
     
    4
    9.BE.50Shkatulkaite
    Na
     
    10
    		Mn
    2+
     
    		Ti
     
    3
    		Nb
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|F|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    6
    		] · 12H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.50Shkatulkalite
    9.BE.50Bykovaite
    BaNa(Na,Ti)
     
    4
    		[(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    14
    		(O,OH)
     
    3
    		] · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.55Bafertisite
    Ba(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Ti[O|(O,OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.55Hejtmanite
    Ba(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Ti[O|(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.55Nechelyustovite
    (Ba,Na)
     
    2
    		{(Na,Ti,Mn)
     
    4
    		[(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    3
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    14
    		](OH,O,F)
     
    2
    		} · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.60Delindeite
    (Na,K)
     
    2.7
    		(Ba,Ca)
     
    4
    		(Ti,Fe,Al)
     
    6
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    26
    		(OH)
     
    14
    9.BE.65Bussenite
    Na
     
    2
    		Ba
     
    2
    		FeTiSi
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)(OH)
     
    3
    		F
    9.BE.67Jinshajiangite
    (Na,Ca)(Ba,K)(Fe,Mn)
     
    4
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    16
    		(F,O,OH)
     
    2-3
    9.BE.67Perraultite
    (Na,Ca)(Ba,K)(Mn,Fe)
     
    4
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    16
    		(OH,F,O)
     
    3
    9.BE.67Surkhobite
    (Ba,K)
     
    2
    		CaNaMn
     
    8
    		Ti
     
    4
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    4
    		O
     
    4
    		(F,OH,O)
     
    6
    9.BE.70Karnasurtite-(Ce)
    (Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si,P)
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.70Perrierite-(Ce)
    (Ce,Ca,Th)
     
    4
    		(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    3
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Strontiochevkinite
    (Sr,La,Ce,Ca)
     
    4
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		(Ti,Zr)
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Chevkinite-(Ce)
    (Ce,La,Ca,Na,Th)
     
    4
    		(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Ti,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Nb)
     
    2
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Polyakovite-(Ce)
    (Ce,Ca)
     
    4
    		(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)(Cr
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Rengeite
    Sr
     
    4
    		ZrTi
     
    4
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Matsubaraite
    Sr
     
    4
    		Ti
     
    5
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Dingdaohengite-(Ce)
    Ce
     
    4
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Maoniupingite-(Ce)
    (REE,Ca)
     
    4
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Ti,Fe
    2+
     
    		,[])(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Nb)
     
    4
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Perrierite-(La)
    (La,Ce, Ca)
     
    4
    		(Fe,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)(Ti,Fe)
     
    4
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.72Fersmanite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    4
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    11
    		(F,OH)
     
    2
    9.BE.75Belkovite
    Ba
     
    3
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    6
    		[O
     
    6
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.77Nasonite
    Pb
     
    6
    		Ca
     
    4
    		[Cl
     
    2
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.BE.80Kentrolite
    Pb
     
    2
    		Mn
    3+
    2
    		[O
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.80Melanotekite
    Pb
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[O
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.82Tilleyite
    Ca
     
    5
    		[(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.85Killalaite
    Ca
     
    3
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · 0.5H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.87Stavelotite-(La)
    (La,Nd,Ca)
     
    3
    		Mn
    2+
    3
    		Cu(Mn
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mn
    4+
     
    		)
     
    26
    		[O
     
    5
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    6
    9.BE.90Biraite-(Ce)
    Ce
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		[CO
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
    17.8.1Epistolite
    Na
     
    2
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    2
    		[O
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · nH
     
    2
    		O
    17.8.3Perraultite
    (Na,Ca)(Ba,K)(Mn,Fe)
     
    4
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    16
    		(OH,F,O)
     
    3
    17.8.4Niocalite
    (Ca,Nb)
     
    4
    		[(O,OH,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    17.8.5Mongolite
    Ca
     
    4
    		Nb
     
    6
    		Si
     
    5
    		O
     
    24
    		(OH)
     
    10
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    17.8.6Fersmanite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    4
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    11
    		(F,OH)
     
    2
    17.8.7Nacareniobsite-(Ce)
    Na
     
    3
    		Ca
     
    3
    		(Ce,La,Nd)Nb[F
     
    3
    		|O|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    17.8.8Nenadkevichite
    (Na,Ca)(Nb,Ti)Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    17.8.9Natrokomarovite
    (Na,Ca,H)
     
    2
    		Nb
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH,F)
     
    2
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    17.8.10Wöhlerite
    NaCa
     
    2
    		(Zr,Nb)[(O,OH,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    17.8.11Belkovite
    Ba
     
    3
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    6
    		[O
     
    6
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    17.8.12Baotite
    Ba
     
    4
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    8
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    28
    		Cl
    17.8.13Shcherbakovite
    Na(K,Ba)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		[O|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
     
    2
    17.8.14Ilímaussite-(Ce)
    (Na,K)
     
    7-8
    		(Ba,K)
     
    10
    		Ce
     
    5
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    6
    		[O
     
    6
    		|Si
     
    9
    		O
     
    18
    		(O,OH)
     
    24
    		|(Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    17.8.15Komarovite
    (Ca,Mn)Nb
     
    2
    		[O
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · 3.5H
     
    2
    		O
    17.8.16Manganbelyankinite
    (Mn,Ca)(Ti,Nb)
     
    5
    		O
     
    12
    		·9H
     
    2
    		O
    17.8.17Niobophyllite
    (K,Na)
     
    3
    		(Fe,Mn)
     
    6
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    31
    17.8.18Caesium-Kupletskite

    Other Names for Murmanite

    Synonyms:
    Mourmanite
    German names:
    MourmanitMurmanit
    Russian names:
    Мурманит
    Spanish names:
    MourmanitaMurmanita

    Other Information

    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Murmanite

    Reference List:American Mineralogist (1963): 48: 1413.

    Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, seriya A: 731-736.

    Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal, Kiev: 11(5): 19-27.

    Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen (1986): 155: 67.

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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  • Murmanite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Murmanite

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    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Brazil
     
    • South Region
      • Santa Catarina
    Canada
     
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
        • Ilimaussaq complex
    		Collection of NHM, Vienna
    B. Otter collection
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		Men'shikov, Y.P., et al (2006), American Mineralogist: 91: 922-928.
    Pekov, I.V. & Podlesnyi, A.S. (2004): Kukisvumchorr Deposit: Mineralogy of Alkaline Pegmatites and Hydrotermalites. Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 7, 140 pages + xxiv photo's pages
    No reference listed
          • Lovozero Massif
            • Alluaiv Mt
              • Umbozero Mine
    [World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
            • Karnasurt Mt
              • Second Eastern Stream
    [World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
            • Tyul'bnyunuai River Valley
    Mineral and/or Locality
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