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Natroalunite

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Big Photo

Sugarloaf Butte, Quartzsite area, La Paz Co., Arizona, USA

Show Natroalunite Photos (8)



Formula:
(Na,K)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
System:TrigonalColour:White, grayish, ...
Hardness:3½ - 4
Member of:Alunite Subgroup
Name:In allusion to the dominance of sodium (NATRium in Latin) in the composition and its relationship to ALUNITE.


Alunite Subgroup.

Classification of Natroalunite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/B.11-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.BC.10

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.6.15

25 : Sulphates
6 : Sulphates of Al and Tl
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Type Occurrence of Natroalunite

Type Locality:Red Mountain District, Ouray Co., Colorado, USA
Year of Discovery:1902

Physical Properties of Natroalunite

Lustre:Vitreous, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Comment:Somewhat pearly on {0001}.
Colour:White, grayish, yellowish, reddish, red-brown; colourless in transmitted light.
Comment:White when pure.
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):3½ - 4
Hardness Data:Measured
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
On {0001}, distinct; on {01_12}, traces.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Splintery, Conchoidal
Density (measured):2.6 - 2.9 g/cm3
Comment:Values measured on massive material.

Crystallography of Natroalunite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal
Space Group:R3m
Cell Parameters:a = 6.97Å, c = 16.74Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 2.402
Unit Cell Volume:V 704.29 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Rarely in small crystals; as druses in massive material or as aggregates. Crystals tabular {0001} or terminated by flat vicinal rhombohedra; rhombohedral and commonly pseudo-cubic {01_12}. Lenticular based on distortion or vicinal development. Massive, granular to dense.

Optical Data of Natroalunite

Type:Uniaxial (+)
RI values: nω = 1.568 nε = 1.590
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.022

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Low

Chemical Properties of Natroalunite

Formula:
(Na,K)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Essential elements:Al, H, Na, O, S
All elements listed in formula:Al, H, K, Na, O, S
Common Impurities:K

Relationship of Natroalunite to other Species

Member of:Alunite Subgroup
Other Members of Group:

- +
Alunite
KAl
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Ammonioalunite
(NH
 
4
)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Beaverite-(Zn)
Pb(Fe
3+
2
Zn)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.BC.05D'Ansite
Na
 
21
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
10
Cl
 
3
7.BC.10Alunite
KAl
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Ammonioalunite
(NH
 
4
)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Ammoniojarosite
(NH
 
4
)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Argentojarosite
AgFe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Beaverite-(Cu)
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Dorallcharite
(Tl,K)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Huangite
Ca
 
0.5
Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Hydroniumjarosite
(H
 
3
O)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Jarosite
KFe
3+
 
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Minamiite
(Na,Ca
 
0.5
,K)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Natrojarosite
NaFe
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Osarizawaite
Pb(Al,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Plumbojarosite
Pb
 
0.5
Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Schlossmacherite
(H
 
3
O,Ca)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
,AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Walthierite
Ba
 
0.5
Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Beaverite-(Zn)
Pb(Fe
3+
2
Zn)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.15Ye'elimite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
6
(SO
 
4
)O
 
12
7.BC.20Atlasovite
K(BiO)Cu
 
6
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
O
 
3
Cl
7.BC.20Nabokoite
KCu
 
7
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
(Te
4+
 
O
 
3
)OCl
7.BC.25Chlorothionite
K
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)Cl
 
2
7.BC.30Euchlorine
KNaCu
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
O
7.BC.30Fedotovite
K
 
2
Cu
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
O
7.BC.35Kamchatkite
KCu
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
OCl
7.BC.40Piypite
K
 
2
Cu
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
7.BC.45Klyuchevskite
K
 
3
Cu
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)(SO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
2
7.BC.45Alumoklyuchevskite
K
 
3
Cu
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)(SO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
2
7.BC.50Caledonite
Pb
 
5
Cu
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
6
7.BC.55Wherryite
Pb
 
7
Cu
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
7.BC.60Mammothite
Pb
 
6
Cu
 
4
AlSb
5+
 
O
 
2
(OH)
 
16
Cl
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
7.BC.65Linarite
PbCu(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
7.BC.65Schmiederite
Pb
 
2
Cu
 
2
(Se
6+
 
O
 
4
)(Se
4+
 
O
 
3
)(OH)
 
4
7.BC.65Munakataite
Pb
 
2
Cu
 
2
(Se
4+
 
O
 
3
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
7.BC.70Chenite
Pb
 
4
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.75Krivovichevite
Pb
 
3
Al(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
7
7.BC.80Anhydrokainite
KMg(SO
 
4
)Cl
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.6.1Rostite
Al(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 5H
 
2
O
25.6.2Jurbanite
Al(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 5H
 
2
O
25.6.3Khademite
Al(SO
 
4
)F · 5H
 
2
O
25.6.4Meta-aluminite
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
25.6.5Aluminite
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
25.6.6Meta-alunogen
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 12H
 
2
O
25.6.7Alunogen
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 17H
 
2
O
25.6.8Felsőbányaite
Al
 
4
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
10
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.6.9Basaluminite
25.6.10Hydrobasaluminite
Al
 
4
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
10
 · 12-36H
 
2
O
25.6.11Zaherite
Al
 
12
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
(OH)
 
26
 · 20H
 
2
O
25.6.12Tamarugite
NaAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
25.6.13Mendozite
NaAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 11H
 
2
O
25.6.14Alum-(Na)
NaAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
25.6.16Kalinite
KAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 11H
 
2
O Not confirmed
25.6.17Alum-(K)
KAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
25.6.18Alunite
KAl
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
25.6.19Minamiite
(Na,Ca
 
0.5
,K)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
25.6.20Tschermigite
(NH
 
4
)Al(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O

Other Names for Natroalunite

Synonyms:
AlmeriiteAlumianAlumianiteSoda-Alunite
Other Languages:
German:Almeriit
Alumianit
Natroalunit
Russian:Натроалунит
Simplified Chinese:钠明矾石
Spanish:Alkanasul
Almeriita
Alumianita
Natroalunita
Varieties:
Strontian Natroalunite

Other Information

Electrical:Strongly pyroelectric.
Other Information:Insoluble in water.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Natroalunite

Reference List:

- +
Hurlbutt (1894) American Journal of Science: 48: 130.

Calderón y Arana, S. (1910) Los minerales de España, 2 volumes, Madrid: 2: 203 (as Almeriite).

Schaller (1911) American Journal of Science: 32: 359.

Doelter, C. (1927) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie (in 4 volumes divided into parts): 4 [2]: 495 (as Natroalunit).

Westman (1931) Bol. Minero soc. nac. Mineria, Santiago de Chile: 43: 433 (as Alkanasul).

Laudermilk (1935) American Mineralogist: 20: 57 (as Soda-Alunite).

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 556-560.

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1982): 534-540.

Sato, E., Nakai, I., Miyawaki, R. & Matsubara, S. (2009): Crystal structures of alunite family minerals: beaverite, corkite, alunite, natroalunite, jarosite, svanbergite, and woodhouseite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen 185, 313-322.

Internet Links for Natroalunite

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    • Localities for Natroalunite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • San Juan
      • Iglesia Department
    		Bengochea, L., Lara, R. y Mas, G., 1996. Kalinita y boyleita. Sulfatos secundarios del Área Valle del Cura; San Juan. 3ra Reunión de Mineralogía y Metalogenia. Instituto de Recursos Minerales, UNLP. Publicación 5: 63-66.
    • Santa Cruz
      • Macizo del Deseado
    		Jovic, S.M., Guido, D.M., Schalamuk, I.B., Ríos, F.J., Tassinari, C.C.G., Recio. C. (2011): Pingüino In-bearing polymetallic vein deposit, Deseado Massif, Patagonia, Argentina: characteristics of mineralization and ore-forming fluids. Mineralium Deposita, 46, 257-271.
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Queenstown district
        • Mount Lyell Mines
    		Bottrill RS & Baker, WE (in prep) Catalogue of Minerals of Tasmania. Mineral Resources Tasmania
    • Western Australia
      • Coolgardie Shire
        • Nepean
    		M. Jacobson, M. Calderwood, B. Grguric; Pegmatites of Western Australia; (Perth 2007)
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559.
      • Leonora Shire
    		Nickel, E.H. (1982) Secondary minerals from the oxidized zone of the Teutonic Bore sulphide deposit. The Australian Mineralogist, No. 40, December 1982, pg. 219-223.
    Bolivia
     
    • Oruro Department
      • Cercado Province
    		[MinRec 32:476]
    [MinRec 32:473]
    • Potosí Department
      • Sud Chichas Province
        • Atocha-Quechisla District
          • Cerro Chorolque
    		Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz)
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Omenica Mining Division
        • Toodoggone River area
    		Duuring, P., Rowins, S.M., McKinley, B.S.M., Dickinson, J.M., Diakow, L.J., Kim, Y.-S., and Creaser, R.A. (2009): Mineralium Deposita 44, 463-496.
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Newfoundland
    		SABINA, A.P. (1976): Rocks & minerals for the collector: The Magdalen Islands, Quebec and the island of Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 75-36, 199p. Reissued in 2003 as Île de la Madeleine, Quebec, the Island of Newfoundland and Labrador. Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 58, 160-161.
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • El Loa Province
        • Calama
    		Sample analysed by Dr. Tony Kampf, Curator of LAC Mineralogical Museum, USA
    R.B. Cook: "Famous mineal locality; Chuquicamata, Chile": Mineralogical Record, sept.-oct. 1973; Samples analysed by Dr. Tony Kampf, Curator of LAC Mineralogical Museum, USA
    Maksaev, V., Townley, B., Palacios, C., and Camus, F. (2007): Metallic ore deposits. In: Moreno, T., and Gibbons, W. (editors): The Geology of Chile. The Geological Society (London), pp. 414.
    • Coquimbo Region
      • Choapa Province
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559.
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Iquique Province
        • Pozo Almonte
    		Bouzari F, Clark AH (2002) Anatomy, evolution, and metallogenetic significance of the supergene orebody of the Cerro Colorado porphyry copper deposit, I Región, northern Chile. Econ. Geol. 97, 1701–1740.
    China
     
    • Xinjiang Autonomous Region
      • Tulufan Prefecture (Turfan Prefecture; Turpan Prefecture)
        • Shanshan Co. (Piqan Co.; Pichan Co.)
          • Kanggur-Xifengshan gold belt
    		Zhaoxin Han, Lijun Luan, and Chaoyou Wang (2004): Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology 24(3), 324-327; Kaiyin Bai and Zhaoxin Han (2007): Northwestern Geology 40(2), 114-117
    Germany
     
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		LAPIS 24 (7/8) 1999; Wendel, W. and Markl, G. (1999) Lavrion: Mineralogische Klassiker und Raritäten für Sammler. LAPIS 24 (7/8):34-52
    No reference listed
    • Thraki (Thrace; Thracia) Department
      • Évros Prefecture
        • Alexandroupoli (Alexandroupolis)
    		Vodouris, P. C. (2011): Conditions of formation of the Mavrokoryfi high-sulfidation epithermal Cu–Ag–Au–Te mineralization (Petrota Graben, NE Greece). Mineralogy and Petrology 101, 97-113.
    Italy
     
    • Sicily
      • Messina Province
        • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
          • Lipari
            • Vulcano Island
    		Campostrini, I., Demartin, F., Gramaccioli, C.M., Russo, M. (2011): Vulcano - Tre secoli di mineralogia. AMI-Associazione Micromineralogica Italiana, Cremona, Italy, 344 pp.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Shizuoka Prefecture
          • Nishiizu
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559; Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
          • Numazu City
    		Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
      • Kanto Region
        • Gunma Prefecture
    		Matsubara et al (1998) Mineralogical Journal, 20, 1-8; Mineralogical Journal Vol. 20 (1998) , No. 1 pp 1-8
      • Kinki Region
        • Kyoto Prefecture
          • Kameoka City
    		Alfredo Petrov specimens
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Osh Oblast
      • Alai Range (Alay Range)
    		[Lapis 1993:11 p11-24]
        • Fergana Valley
    		[Lapis 11:11-24]
    New Zealand
     
    • Kermadec Islands
    		de Ronde, C.E.J.; Hannington, M.D.; Stoffers, P.; Wright, I.C.; Ditchburn, R.G.; Reyes, A.G.; Baker, E.T.; Massoth, G.J.; Lupton, J.E.; Walker, S.L.; Greene, R.R.; Soong, C.W.R.; Ishibashi, J.; Lebon, G.T.; Bray, C.J.; Resing, J.A. 2005 Evolution of a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system : Brothers volcano, southern Kermadec arc, New Zealand. Economic geology, 100(6): 1097-1133
    Muiruru F.G. (1985) Hot spring and rock samples from Curtis Island Volcano, Kermadec Group. Unpub. paper Geothermal Institute, University of Auckland
    • North Island
      • Tongariro
        • Taupo
    		Unpublished drill log report to NZ Dept of Mines by sulphur mining operator
      • Waikato
        • Waihi
    		Simpson, Mauk, & Simmons, 2001, Hydrothermal Alteration and Hydrologic Evolution of the Golden Cross Epithermal Au-Ag Deposit, Economic Geology 96, pp773-796
    Panama
     
    • Los Santos Province
    		I. Corral, E. Cardellach, A. Canals, M. Corbella, T. Martín-Crespo and E. Vindel (2010): Environment of Ore Deposition in the Cerro Quema Gold-Copper Deposit (Azuero Peninsula, Panama). Macla 13, 69-70; Corral, I., Griera, A., Gras, D. M. G., Corbella, M., i Sabaté, À. C., Piineda-Falconett, M., & i López, E. C. (2011). Geology of the Cerro Quema Au-Cu deposit (Azuero Peninsula, Panama). Geologica acta: an international earth science journal, 9(3), 481-498.
    Puerto Rico
     
    • Comerio
    		Raymond L. Parker (1962) Isomorphous substitution in natural and synthetic alunite. American Mineralogist, 47, 127-136.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Žiar nad Hronom Co.
    		Ďuďa R., 1993 : Die mineralien der Gold und Silber - lagersttäte von Kremnitz ( Kremnica) in der Slowakei. Mineralien Welt /Haltern,Nemecko/,5, s. 20 - 32
    • Košice Region
      • Košice Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Prešov Region
      • Prešov Co.
        • Červenica
          • Dubník
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
      • Bushmanland
        • Koenabib farm
    		No reference listed
      • Namaqualand
    		Natural History Museum Vienna collection
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Adra
    		Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1964, LXXXVII, p. 288.
        • Sierra de Gádor
          • Benahadux
    		- Calvo, M (2003) Minerales y minas de España. Tomo I. Introducción y elementos. 219 pp.
    • Aragón
      • Teruel
        • Nogueras
    		Calvo, M. (2008). Minerales de Aragón. Prames, Zaragoza, 463 pags
      • Zaragoza
        • Morés
          • Purroy
    		Calvo, M. and Sevillano, E (1995). La mina "san Pedro", Purroy, Zaragoza. Revista de Minerales, 1995-2, 34-37
    • Catalonia
      • Barcelona
        • Vallès Occidental
          • Montcada i Reixac
    		Rosell, J. & Garrido, J.L. (2006) The minerals of Montcada Hill Quarry. Mineral Up, 2006/2, 16-20.
    Turkey
     
    • Black Sea Region
      • Samsun Province
    		http://www.odysseyresources.com/i/pdf/Curtis-AltintepeReport.pdf
    • Marmara Region
      • Çanakkale Province
        • Lapseki
    		Huseyin Yilmaz, Tolga Oyman, F. Nuran Sonmez, Greg B. Arehart and Zeki Billor (2010): Intermediate sulfidation epithermal gold-base metal deposits in Tertiary subaerial volcanic rocks, Sahinli/Tespih Dere (Lapseki/Western Turkey). Ore Geology Reviews, 37, 236-258.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • La Paz Co.
        • Buckskin Mts
          • Santa Maria District (Planet District; Swansea District; Bill Williams District)
            • Planet
              • Planet Mine group (New Planet Mine group; Great Central Mine)
    		John Sobolewski collection
        • Dome Rock Mts
          • Middle Camp-Oro Fino District
            • Sugarloaf Peak
    		Ref.: Keith, Stanton B. (1978) State of Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology, Geol. Sur. Br. Bull. 192, Index of Mining Properties in Yuma Co., Arizona: 161 (Table 4); Arizona Bureau of Mines file data.
        • Quartzsite area
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 310; Omori, K. & P.F. Kerr (1963), Infrared studies of saline sulfate minerals, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 74: 709-734.
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
        • Death Valley National Park
          • Amargosa Range
    		Wherry, E.T. (1916), Notes on alunite, psilomelanite and titanite: US National Museum Proceedings: 51: 81-88; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559.
        • White Mts
          • Laws
            • White Mountain
    		[var: Strontian Natroalunite] Lemmon, Dwight Moulton (1937), Geology of the andalusite deposits in the northern Inyo Range, California. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University: 42-43; Gross, E.B. and Parwel, A. (1968) Rutile mineralization at the White Mountain andalusite deposit, California. Arkiv för Mineralogie och Geologi 4, No. 29: 493-497; Wise, W. S. (1977): Mineralogy of the Champion mine White Mountains, California. Mineralogical Record 8, 480; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 265.
      • Mono Co.
    		[var: Strontian Natroalunite] Lemmon (1937) American Mineralogist: 22: 939; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559.
      • Shasta Co.
        • Cascade Range
          • Lassen Volcanic National Park
    		Robert G. Lee, John H. Dilles, David A. John, Tanya L. Abela (2005) The mineralogy and origin of hydrothermally altered Quaternary volcanic rocks on the south flank of Lassen volcano, California: Interim report for USGS Mineral Resource External Research Program grant of $42,000 in FY 2005
    • Colorado
      • Conejos Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Custer Co.
        • Rosita District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559; Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
      • Dolores Co.
        • Rico Mts
          • Rico District (Pioneer District)
            • Horse Creek
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559.
      • Lake Co.
        • Leadville District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
      • Ouray Co.
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 344, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
          • Red Mountain
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559; Mineralogical Record (1986) 17: 229-236.
      • Rio Grande Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Hawaii
      • Maui Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 559; American Mineralogist: 20: 57.
    • Nevada
      • Esmeralda Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Sulfur District
    		Econ Geol (1997) 92:578-600
      • Storey Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
        • Bald Mountain District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Eddy Co.
        • Carlsbad
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. Rev. Ed., 1996
    Journ. of Cave & Karst Stud., April 1998
    • Texas
      • Fannin Co.
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
      • Grayson Co.
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
    R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
    R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
    R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
    R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
    • Utah
      • Piute Co.
        • Marysvale District (Marysvale Uranium area)
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Sevier Co.
        • Antelope Range
          • Henry District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Gold Mountain District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
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