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Palenzonaite

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Big Photo

Valgraveglia Mine (Gambatesa Mine), Reppia, Graveglia Valley, Ne, Genova Province, Liguria, Italy
© G. Armellino

Show Palenzonaite Photos (10)



Formula:
(Ca,Na)
 
3
CaMn
2+
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
System:IsometricColour:Dark red
Hardness:5 - 5½
Member of:Garnet Structural Group
Name:
Named in 1987 in honor of Andrea Palenzona (b. 1935), professor of chemistry (and amateur mineralogist) at the University of Genoa, who discovered the mineral.
This page provides mineralogical data about Palenzonaite.

Classification of Palenzonaite

IMA status:Approved 1986
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/A.08-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.AC.25

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 7th edition ID:38.2.1.3
Dana 8th edition ID:38.2.1.3

38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5(XO4)3
Hey's CIM Ref.:21.4.15

21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
4 : Vanadates of U, Mn, Fe or Ni
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Type Occurrence of Palenzonaite

Type Locality:Molinello Mine, Graveglia Valley, Ne, Genova Province, Liguria, Italy
Year of Discovery:1987
Geological Setting of type material:Veinlets in Manganese ore
Associated Minerals at type locality:
GanophylliteCalciteBrauniteAxinite-(Mn)

Physical Properties of Palenzonaite

Lustre:Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Dark red
Hardness (Mohs):5 - 5½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:None Observed
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.63 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.78 g/cm3

Crystallography of Palenzonaite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:Ia3d {I41/a 3 2/d}
Space Group Setting:Ia3d
Cell Parameters:a = 12.534Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,969.11 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:Granular, trapezohedral crystals rare.
Comment:NJMM 136(1987) structure.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
5.12 (10)
3.13 (60)
2.80 (100)
2.67 (20)
2.56 (60)
2.46 (10)
1.738 (20)
1.675 (40)

Optical Data of Palenzonaite

Type:Isotropic
RI values: n = 1.965
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.000 - Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:Very High
Pleochroism:Non-pleochroic

Chemical Properties of Palenzonaite

Formula:
(Ca,Na)
 
3
CaMn
2+
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
Essential elements:Ca, Mn, O, V
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Mn, Na, O, V

Relationship of Palenzonaite to other Species

Member of:Garnet Structural Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Almandine
Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Andradite
Ca
 
3
Fe
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Berzeliite
NaCa
 
2
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
Bitikleite-(SnAl)
Ca
 
3
SbSn(AlO
 
4
)
 
3
Bitikleite-(SnFe)
Ca
 
3
SbSn(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
3
Bitikleite-(ZrFe)
Ca
 
3
SbZr(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
3
Calderite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Goldmanite
Ca
 
3
V
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Grossular
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Henritermierite
Ca
 
3
(Mn
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
Hibschite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3-x
(OH)
 
4x
Irinarassite
Ca
 
3
Sn
 
2
Al
 
2
SiO
 
12
Katoite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3-x
(OH)
 
4x
Kerimasite
Ca
 
3
Zr
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
2
Kimzeyite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)
 
2
((Si,Al,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
Knorringite
Mg
 
3
Cr
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Majorite
Mg
 
3
(Fe
2+
 
,Si,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Momoiite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
V
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Morimotoite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
Pyrope
Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Schäferite
Ca
 
2
NaMg
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
Schorlomite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
Spessartine
Mn
2+
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Titanoan Andradite
Toturite
Ca
 
3
Sn
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
2
Uvarovite
Ca
 
3
Cr
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Yafsoanite
Ca
 
3
Zn
 
3
(TeO
 
6
)
 
2
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.AC.05Howardevansite
NaCuFe
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Alluaudite
(Na,Ca)Mn
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Arseniopleite
NaCaMn
2+
 
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Caryinite
(Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)(Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Mn
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Ferroalluaudite
(Na,Ca)Fe
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Hagendorfite
NaCaMn
2+
 
Fe
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Johillerite
Na(Mg,Zn)
 
3
Cu(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Maghagendorfite
NaMn(Mg,Fe,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Nickenichite
Na
 
0.8
Ca
 
0.4
Cu
 
0.4
(Mg,Fe)
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Varulite
NaCaMn
2+
 
Mn
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Ferrohagendorfite
NaCaFe
2+
 
Fe
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Bradaczekite
NaCu
 
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Yazganite
NaFe
3+
2
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
8.AC.10Groatite
NaCaMn
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(HPO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.15Bobfergusonite
Na
 
2
Mn
 
5
FeAl(PO
 
4
)
 
6
8.AC.15Ferrowyllieite
(Na,Ca,Mn)(Fe,Mn)(Fe,Fe,Mg)Al(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.15Qingheiite
NaMn
3+
 
Mg(Al,Fe
3+
 
)(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.15Rosemaryite
(Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe
2+
 
)(Fe
3+
 
,Mg)Al(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.15Wyllieite
(Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.15Ferrorosemaryite
◻NaFe
2+
 
Fe
3+
 
Al(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.15Qingheiite-(Fe2+)
Na
 
2
Fe
2+
 
MgAl(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.18Manitobaite
Na
 
16
Mn
2+
 
 
25
Al
 
8
(PO
 
4
)
 
30
8.AC.20Marićite
NaFe
2+
 
(PO
 
4
)
8.AC.25Berzeliite
NaCa
 
2
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.25Manganberzeliite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.25Schäferite
Ca
 
2
NaMg
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.30Brianite
Na
 
2
CaMg(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.35Vitusite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
(Ce,La,Nd)(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.40Olgite
(Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)
 
2
Na(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.40Bario-olgite
(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)
 
2
Na(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 ·
8.AC.45Strontiowhitlockite
Sr
 
9
Mg(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(HPO
 
4
)
8.AC.45Whitlockite
Ca
 
9
Mg(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(HPO
 
4
)
8.AC.45Merrillite
Ca
 
9
NaMg(PO
 
4
)
 
7
8.AC.45Tuite
Ca
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.45Ferromerrillite
Ca
 
9
NaFe
2+
 
(PO
 
4
)
 
7
8.AC.45Bobdownsite
Ca
 
9
Mg(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(PO
 
3
F)
8.AC.50Chladniite
{Ca}{Na
 
8
}{Ca
 
4
Na
 
4
}{(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
43
}(PO
 
4
)
 
36
8.AC.50Fillowite
{Mn
2+
 
}{Na
 
8
}{Ca
 
4
Na
 
4
}{(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
43
}(PO
 
4
)
 
36
8.AC.50Johnsomervilleite
{Ca}{Na
 
6
[ ]
 
2
}{Ca
 
6
Na
 
2
}{(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
43
}(PO
 
4
)
 
36
8.AC.50Galileiite
{Fe
2+
 
}{Na
 
8
}{Fe
2+
4
Na
 
4
}{Fe
2+
43
}(PO
 
4
)
 
36
8.AC.50Stornesite-(Y)
{(Y, Ca)}{Na
 
6
◻
 
2
}{(Ca,Na)
 
8
}{(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
43
}(PO
 
4
)
 
36
8.AC.50Xenophyllite
Na
 
4
Fe
2+
7
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
8.AC.55Harrisonite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.60Kosnarite
KZr
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.65Panethite
(Na,Ca)
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.70Stanfieldite
Ca
 
7
Ca
 
2
Mg
 
9
(PO
 
4
)
 
12
8.AC.75Ronneburgite
K
 
2
MnV
 
4
O
 
12
8.AC.80Tillmannsite
(Ag
 
3
Hg)(VO
 
4
,AsO
 
4
)
8.AC.85Filatovite
K(Al,Zn)
 
2
(As,Si)
 
2
O
 
8
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
21.4.1Uvanite
U
6+
2
V
5+
6
O
 
21
 · 15H
 
2
O (?)
21.4.2Vanuranylite
(H
 
3
O)
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
21.4.3Strelkinite
Na
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
21.4.4Carnotite
K
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
21.4.5Margaritasite
(Cs,K,H
 
3
O)
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
21.4.6Sengierite
Cu
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
21.4.7Metatyuyamunite
Ca(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 3-5H
 
2
O
21.4.8Tyuyamunite
Ca(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 5-8H
 
2
O
21.4.9Rauvite
Ca(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(V
 
10
O
 
28
) · 16H
 
2
O
21.4.10Francevillite
(Ba,Pb)(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
21.4.11Metavanuralite
Al(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 8H
 
2
O
21.4.12Vanuralite
Al(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 11H
 
2
O
21.4.13Curienite
Pb(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
21.4.14Fritzscheite
Mn(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
,VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O (?)
21.4.16Santafeite
(Na,Ca,Sr)
 
12
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Al,Mg)
 
8
Mn
4+
8
(VO
 
4
)
 
16
(OH,O)
 
20
 · 8H
 
2
O
21.4.17Pyrobelonite
PbMn
2+
 
(VO
 
4
)(OH)
21.4.18Brackebuschite
Pb
 
2
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)(VO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
21.4.19Čechite
Pb(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(VO
 
4
)(OH)
21.4.20Heyite
Pb
 
5
Fe
2+
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
4
21.4.21Mounanaite
PbFe
3+
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2(OH,F)
21.4.22Schubnelite
Fe
3+
 
VO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
21.4.23Fervanite
Fe
3+
4
V
5+
4
O
 
16
 · 5H
 
2
O
21.4.24Kazakhstanite
Fe
3+
5
V
4+
3
V
5+
12
O
 
39
(OH)
 
9
 · 9H
 
2
O
21.4.25Bokite
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
1.3
(V
5+
 
,V
4+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
8
O
 
20
 · 7.4H
 
2
O
21.4.26Rusakovite
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
5
(VO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
9
 · 3H
 
2
O
21.4.27Kolovratite
Ni
 
x
Zn
 
y
(VO
 
4
)
 
0.67(x+y)
 · nH
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- +
38.2.1.1Berzeliite
NaCa
 
2
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
38.2.1.2Manganberzeliite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
38.2.1.4Schäferite
Ca
 
2
NaMg
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3

Other Names for Palenzonaite

Synonyms:
IMA1986-011
Other Languages:
German:Palenzonait
Russian:Паленцонаит
Spanish:Palenzonaita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Not fluorescent.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Palenzonaite

Reference List:

- +
Palenzona, A. (1986): Palenzonaite, gamagarite ed haradaite - Val Graveglia, Liguria. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1/1986, 13-16.

Basso, R. (1987): The crystal structure of palenzonaite, a new vanadate garnet from Val Graveglia (Northern Apennines, Italy). Neues Jahrbuch fuer Mineralogie Monatshefte, 1987, 136-144.

American Mineralogist (1988): 73: 930.

Internet Links for Palenzonaite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Palenzonaite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Palenzonaite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
    		G. Blass EDX (M.E. Ciriotti, 2007)
    Palenzona A. (1986) - Palenzonaite, Gamagarite ed Haradaite, Val Graveglia, Liguria - Riv Min. It, Milano, n. 1, 1986 pp. 13-16 and [MinRec 32:355]
            • Reppia
    		J. Brugger pers.comm. 2005
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Varaita Valley
          • Bellino
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Japan
     
    • Kyushu Region
      • Nansei Archipelago
        • Kagoshima Prefecture
          • Amami-Oshima Island
    		Masutomi museum specimen (Kyoto)
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Hinterrhein Valley
        • Ferrera Valley
          • Ausserferrera
    		Amer.Min.(1996) 81, 1270-1276
          • Starlera Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 230; Lapis 36 (4) (2011), p. 14 (ad)
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