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Parabutlerite

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Tierra Amarilla, Copiapó Province, Atacama Region, Chile
© Thomas Witzke

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Formula:
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
System:OrthorhombicColour:Pale orange to pale ...
Hardness:2½
Name:Named in 1938 by Mark Chance Bandy for its resemblance to Butlerite.
Dimorph of:Butlerite
This page provides mineralogical data about Parabutlerite.

Classification of Parabutlerite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/D.01-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.DC.10

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:31.9.2.1

31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)(XO4)Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.10.16

25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
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Type Occurrence of Parabutlerite

Co-type Localities:Alcaparrosa Mine, Cerritos Bayos, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile
Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile
Year of Discovery:1938

Physical Properties of Parabutlerite

Lustre:Vitreous
Colour:Pale orange to pale orange-brown; light yellow in transmitted light.
Hardness (Mohs):2½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Poor/Indistinct
On {110}, poor.
Fracture:Conchoidal
Density (measured):2.55 g/cm3

Crystallography of Parabutlerite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 7.38Å, b = 20.13Å, c = 7.22Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.367 : 1 : 0.359
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,072.60 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals prismatic [001]. The prism zone is striated [001].
Twinning:On {142}, rare.

Epitaxial Relationships of Parabutlerite

Epitaxial Minerals:
Butlerite
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
Epitaxi Comments:Intergrowths, with {011} of parabutlerite nearly parallel to {001} and {100} of butlerite.

Optical Data of Parabutlerite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.598 nβ = 1.663 nγ = 1.737
2V:Measured: 87° , Calculated: 90°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.139

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r < v weak
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:Alcaparrosa material:
X = b = Light yellow
Y = c = Greenish yellow
Z = a = Brownish yellow

Argentinian material:
X = b = Colourless
Y = c = Faint yellow
Z = a = Light yellow
Comments:NOTE: 2V value for Argentinian material = 43°30'.

Chemical Properties of Parabutlerite

Formula:
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Fe, H, O, S
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, O, S

Relationship of Parabutlerite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.DC.05Aluminite
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.DC.05Meta-aluminite
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.DC.10Butlerite
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
7.DC.15Fibroferrite
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 5H
 
2
O
7.DC.20Xitieshanite
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)Cl · 6H
 
2
O
7.DC.25Botryogen
MgFe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 7H
 
2
O
7.DC.25Zincobotryogen
(Zn,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 7H
 
2
O
7.DC.30Chaidamuite
ZnFe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 4H
 
2
O
7.DC.30Guildite
CuFe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 4H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.10.1Szomolnokite
FeSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
25.10.2Rozenite
FeSO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.10.3Siderotil
FeSO
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
25.10.4Ferrohexahydrite
FeSO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
25.10.5Melanterite
FeSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
25.10.6Rhomboclase
(H
 
5
O
 
2
)Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
25.10.7Lausenite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·6H
 
2
O
25.10.8Kornelite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 7H
 
2
O
25.10.9Coquimbite
Fe
 
2-x
Al
 
x
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 9H
 
2
O, x ~0.5
25.10.10Paracoquimbite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 9H
 
2
O
25.10.11Quenstedtite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 10H
 
2
O
25.10.12Ferricopiapite
Fe
 
5
(SO
 
4
)
 
6
O(OH) · 20H
 
2
O
25.10.13Metahohmannite
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O · 4H
 
2
O
25.10.14Hohmannite
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O · 8H
 
2
O
25.10.15Butlerite
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
25.10.17Amarantite
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O · 7H
 
2
O
25.10.18Fibroferrite
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 5H
 
2
O
25.10.19Hydroniumjarosite
(H
 
3
O)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
25.10.20Römerite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 14H
 
2
O
25.10.21Bílinite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
25.10.22Copiapite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
6
(OH)
 
2
 · 20H
 
2
O

Other Names for Parabutlerite

Other Languages:
German:Parabutlerit
Russian:Парабутлерит
Spanish:Parabutlerita

Other Information

Other Information:Insoluble in cold or hot water; soluble in dilute acids.

Observed as pseudomorphs after copiapite.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Parabutlerite

Reference List:

- +
Bandy (1938) American Mineralogist: 23: 742-745.

Gordon (1941) Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia, Not. Nat., no. 89.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 610-611.

Bulletin de Mineralogie (1970): 93: 185-189.

Internet Links for Parabutlerite

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    • Localities for Parabutlerite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • San Juan
      • La Alcaparrosa
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 480, 609, 611, 1014.
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • El Loa Province
        • Calama
          • Cerritos Bayos
    		Amer.Min.(1938) 23, 742-745; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 611.; Kampf, A.R.; Mills, S.J.; Housley, R.M.; Williams, P.A.; Dini, M. (2012): Alcaparrosaite, K3Ti4+Fe3+(SO4)4O(H2O)2, a new hydrophobic Ti4+ sulfate from Alcaparrosa, Chile. Mineralogical Magazine 76, 851-861.
          • Chuquicamata District
    		Bandy (1938) American Mineralogist: 23: 742-745; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 611.
            • Toki Cu deposit (Toki Cluster)
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 611.
    • Atacama Region
      • Copiapó Province
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Iquique Province
        • Pampa del Tamarugal
    		Peter G. Seroka collection
    China
     
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Hami (Kumul; Qumul) Prefecture
        • Hami (Kumul; Qumul) Co.
    		Xu Ying-xia, Ding Kui-shou, Qin Ke-zhang, Miao Yu, Fang Tong-hui, Xu Xing-wang, and Sun He (2006): Geology in China 33(3), 605-616.
    Cyprus
     
    • Nicosia District (Lefkoşa District; Lefkosia District)
      • Mitsero
    		rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/parabutlerite.pdf
    Hungary
     
    • Fejér Co.
      • Vértes Mts.
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Bakony Mts.
        • Nyirád
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    Iran
     
    • Yazd Province
      • Saghand (Sagand; Saqand)
    		Bariand, P., Cesbron, F. & Berthelon, J. P. (1977): Iron sulfates of Saghand near Yazd (Iran). Memoire Hors-Série de la Société Géologique de France 8, 77-85.; Bariand, P., Berthelon, J. P., Cesbron, F. & Sadrzadeh, M. (1973): New aluminum sulfate hydrate, khademite of Saghand (Iran). Comptes Rendus des Seances de l'Académie des Sciences, Série C, 277, 1585-1588 (in French).
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Huelva
        • Minas de Riotinto
    		[MinRec 27:284]
    USA
     
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    • New Mexico
      • Santa Fe Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • Utah
      • Emery Co.
        • San Rafael District (San Rafael Swell)
          • Calf Mesa
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    Am.Min.40:469
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