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Paralaurionite

Big Photo

Mammoth-Saint Anthony Mine (Mammoth-St Anthony Mine; Mammoth Mine; St. Anthony Mine), St. Anthony deposit, Tiger, Mammoth District, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA
© 2003 R.O. Meyer

Show Paralaurionite Photos (43)
Formula:
PbClOH
System:MonoclinicColour:Colourless, white, ...
Hardness:3
Name:From the Greek for "near", para-, and laurionite, in allusion to its polymorphic relationship to that species.
Dimorph of:Laurionite


Matlockite Group.

Classification of Paralaurionite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:3/D.0-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:3.DC.05

3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
Dana 8th edition ID:10.2.3.1

10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
2 : A(O,OH)Xq
Hey's CIM Ref.:8.8.8

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
8 : Halides of Pb
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Type Occurrence of Paralaurionite

Type Locality:Lavrion District slag localities, Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District, Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture, Greece
Year of Discovery:1899

Physical Properties of Paralaurionite

Lustre:Sub-Adamantine
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Colourless, white, yellow, violet, green
Hardness (Mohs):3
Cleavage:Perfect
On {001}.
Density (measured):6.15 g/cm3
Density (calculated):6.28 g/cm3

Crystallography of Paralaurionite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/m {P1 1 21/m} {P21/m} {P1 21/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 10.79Å, b = 3.98Å, c = 7.19Å
β = 117.22°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.711 : 1 : 1.807
Unit Cell Volume:V 274.57 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals thin tabular {100} or lath-like by elongation [001]. The terminations of the plates or laths are rectangular or wedge-shaped as a result of development of pyramidal faces at the corners.
Twinning:Twin plane {100}, very common, as symmetrical contact twins with composition face (100), simulating orthorhombic holohedry.
Comment:OD structure.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Paralaurionite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 2.050 nβ = 2.150 nγ = 2.200
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.150

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r < v strong
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:Violet-tinted crystals are pleochroic with absorption Y is greater than X, Z.
Comments:Plates on {100} exhibit abnormal interference figures due to twinning.

Chemical Properties of Paralaurionite

Formula:
PbClOH
Essential elements:Cl, H, O, Pb
All elements listed in formula:Cl, H, O, Pb

Relationship of Paralaurionite to other Species

Member of Group:
Matlockite Group:
MXY
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
3.DC.05Laurionite
PbClOH
3.DC.10Fiedlerite
Pb
 
3
Cl
 
4
F(OH)·H
 
2
O
3.DC.15Penfieldite
Pb
 
2
[OH|Cl
 
3
]
3.DC.20Laurelite
Pb(F,Cl,OH)
 
2
3.DC.25Bismoclite
BiOCl
3.DC.25Daubréeite
BiO(OH,Cl)
3.DC.25Matlockite
PbFCl
3.DC.25Rorisite
CaFCl
3.DC.25Zavaritskite
BiOF
3.DC.25Zhangpeishanite
BaFCl
3.DC.30Nadorite
PbSb[O
 
2
|Cl]
3.DC.30Perite
PbBi[O
 
2
|Cl]
3.DC.35Aravaipaite
Pb
 
3
[F
 
3
|AlF
 
6
] · H
 
2
O
3.DC.37Calcioaravaipaite
PbCa
 
2
[(F,OH)
 
3
|AlF
 
6
] · H
 
2
O
3.DC.40Thorikosite
Pb
 
3
[OH|(SbO
 
3
,AsO
 
3
)|Cl
 
2
]
3.DC.45Mereheadite
Pb
 
47
O
 
24
(OH)
 
13
Cl
 
25
(BO
 
3
)
 
2
(CO3)
3.DC.50Blixite
Pb
 
2
[(O,OH)
 
2
|Cl]
3.DC.55Pinalite
Pb
 
3
WO
 
5
Cl
 
2
3.DC.60Symesite
Pb
 
10
[O
 
7
|SO
 
4
|Cl
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
3.DC.65Ecdemite
Pb
 
6
[As
 
2
O
 
7
|Cl
 
4
]
3.DC.65Heliophyllite
Pb
 
3
AsO
 
4-n
Cl
 
2n+1
3.DC.70Mendipite
Pb
 
3
[O
 
2
|Cl
 
2
]
3.DC.75Damaraite
Pb
 
3
[O
 
2
|OH|Cl]
3.DC.80Onoratoite
Sb
 
8
O
 
11
Cl
 
2
3.DC.85Cotunnite
PbCl
 
2
3.DC.90Pseudocotunnite
K
 
2
PbCl
 
4
3.DC.95Barstowite
Pb
 
4
[Cl
 
6
|CO
 
3
] · H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
8.8.1Abhurite
Sn
 
21
Cl
 
16
(OH)
 
14
O
 
6
8.8.2Matlockite
PbFCl
8.8.3Laurelite
Pb(F,Cl,OH)
 
2
8.8.4Cotunnite
PbCl
 
2
8.8.5Mendipite
Pb
 
3
[O
 
2
|Cl
 
2
]
8.8.6Damaraite
Pb
 
3
[O
 
2
|OH|Cl]
8.8.7Laurionite
PbClOH
8.8.9Penfieldite
Pb
 
2
[OH|Cl
 
3
]
8.8.10Fiedlerite
Pb
 
3
Cl
 
4
F(OH)·H
 
2
O
8.8.11Blixite
Pb
 
2
[(O,OH)
 
2
|Cl]
8.8.12Pseudocotunnite
K
 
2
PbCl
 
4
8.8.13Diaboleite
Pb
 
2
CuCl
 
2
(OH)
 
4
8.8.14Pseudoboleite
Pb
 
31
Cu
 
24
Cl
 
62
(OH)
 
48
8.8.15Chloroxiphite
Pb
 
3
CuO
 
2
Cl
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.8.17Bideauxite
Pb
 
2
Ag[(F,OH)
 
2
|Cl
 
3
]
8.8.18Boleite
KPb
 
26
Ag
 
9
Cu
 
24
(OH)
 
48
Cl
 
62
8.8.19Aravaipaite
Pb
 
3
[F
 
3
|AlF
 
6
] · H
 
2
O
8.8.20Yedlinite
Pb
 
6
(Cl,OH)
 
6
Cr
3+
 
(OH,O)
 
8
8.8.21Kolarite
PbTeCl
 
2
8.8.22Hematophanite
Pb
 
4
Fe
 
3
O
 
8
(OH,Cl)

Other Names for Paralaurionite

Other Languages:
German:Paralaurionit
Rafaëlit (of Arzruni and Thaddéeff)
Russian:Паралаурионит
Spanish:Paralaurionita

Other Information

Other Information:Soluble in nitric acid.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Paralaurionite

Reference List:Arzruni and Thaddéeff (1899) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 31: 229 (as Rafaëlit).

Smith (1899) Mineralogical Magazine: 12: 102, 183.

Ktenas (1910) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 33: 173.

Russell (1927) Mineralogical Magazine: 21: 221.

Palache, C. (1934) Mineralogical Magazine: 23: 578.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 64-66.

Mineralogical Magazine: 29: 341.

Merlino S., Pasero M., Perchiazzi N.(1993): Crystal structure of paralaurionite and its OD relationships with laurionite. Mineralogical Magazine: 57: 323-328.

Internet Links for Paralaurionite

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    Localities for Paralaurionite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Western Australia
      • Pilbara Region
        • Ashburton Shire
          • Ashburton Downs
    		Min. Record 24,203-218(1993)
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
          • Waitschach
    		U. Kolitsch and H. Pristacz (2009): An orthorhombic dimorph of barstowite, Pb4Cl6(CO3)•H2O, from slags at Maria Waitschach, Austria, and Lavrion, Greece. Poster, Joint MinPet 2009 and 4th MSCC, Budapest, Hungary, September 7-11; abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 155, 83.
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • Antofagasta Province
    		Econ Geol (1991) 86:1222-1237
      • Tocopilla Province
        • Sierra Gorda District
          • Caracoles
    M. Dini specimens
    Arzruni and Thaddéeff (1899) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 31: 229; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 65, 317.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Příbram
    		[Der Aufschluss 1996:6 p.267-287]
    France
     
    • Brittany
      • Côtes-d'Armor
        • Callac
          • Carnoët
            • Menez-Plom
    		P. Le Roch collection
      • Finistère
        • Poullaouen
    		Germain C., Leydet J-C., Saget Ph. (1990), Les minéraux de néoformation de Huelgoat (Finistère), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, 3-16
    Germany
     
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		No reference listed
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
    Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet and Rewitzer, Christian, Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags. Mineralogical Magazine (1899): 12: 108; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 65.
          • Agios Nikolaos [St Nicholas] area
    		No reference listed
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
    		No reference listed
          • Oxygon area
    		No reference listed
          • Panormos area
    		No reference listed
          • Passa Limani area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals of the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
          • Sounion area
    		Collection of Elmar Lackner
    Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet and Rewitzer, Christian, (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
          • Thorikos area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
          • Tourkolimanon area
    		No reference listed
          • Vrissaki area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Varenna Valley
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2 (Avril/Juin), 175-188.
    • Piedmont
      • Vercelli Province
        • Sesia Valley
    		Luigi Chiappino data
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
    		http://www.comune.pisa.it/apsn/Articoli/Scorie/Capattoli.htm
        • Piombino
    		Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.
    Luigi Chiappino data
    Morocco
     
    • Meknès-Tafilalet Region
      • Khénifra Province
        • Midelt
          • Upper Moulouya lead district
    		Jébrak, M., Marcoux, E., Masloubi, M., and Zaharaoui, M. (1998): Mineralium Deposita 33, 406-415.
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Mount's Bay District
          • Porthleven
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 65.
        • Wadebridge District
          • Area West of Wadebridge
            • Padstow
    		No reference listed
      • Somerset
        • Cranmore
    		Turner, R.W., (2006) A Mechanism for the formation of the Mineralised Mn Deposits at Merehead Quarry, Cranmore, Somerset, England. Min. Mag. vol. 70, no. 6, pp 629 - 653
        • Holwell
    		BMS Database
        • Westbury on Trym
    		BMS Database
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Dumfries-shire)
        • Wanlockhead
    		BMS Database
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Pinal Co.
        • Mammoth District
          • Tiger
            • St. Anthony deposit
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 141; Fahey, J.J., et al (1950), Wherryite, a new mineral from the Mammoth mine, AZ, Am.Min.: 35: 93-98; Bideaux, R.A. (1980), Tiger, AZ, Min.Rec.: 11: 155-181; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 320; Bideaux, R.A. (1980), Tiger, Arizona, Min.Rec.: 11: 155-181; Palache, C. (1950), Paralaurionite, Min.Mag.: 29: 341-345; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 44.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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