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Parisite-(Ce)

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Boyacá Department, Colombia
© Daniel S. Yunis

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Formula:
Ca(Ce,La)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:Brown, brownish-yellow, ...
Lustre:Vitreous, Resinous, PearlyHardness:4½
Name:After J.J. Paris, former Manager of the Muzo emerald mine, Muzo, Columbia.


Crystals pseudohexagonal, oscillatory and sceptered due to intergrowths parallel to the pseudo-{0001) with Bastnäsite-(Ce), Synchysite-(Ce), Röntgenite-(Ce) and Cordylite.

The Ce-analogue of Parisite-(Nd) and Unnamed (La-analogue of Parisite-(Ce)).

Very rare; can be distinguished from Synchysite-(Ce) only by analytical methods.


Classification of Parisite-(Ce)

IMA status:Approved 1987
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/C.07-70
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:5.BD.20b

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
Dana 8th edition ID:16a.1.5.1

16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:12.1.11

12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
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Type Occurrence of Parisite-(Ce)

Co-type Localities:Mun. de Muzo, Vasquez-Yacopí Mining District, Boyacá Department, Colombia
Muzo Mine, Mun. de Muzo, Vasquez-Yacopí Mining District, Boyacá Department, Colombia
Geological Setting of type material:Intensely folder, carbonaceous shale beds.
Associated Minerals at type locality:
QuartzPyriteMarcasiteMarcasiteGypsum
EmeraldCalciteAlbite

Physical Properties of Parisite-(Ce)

Lustre:Vitreous, Resinous, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Comment:Lustre pearly on the {0001} parting.
Colour:Brown, brownish-yellow, waxy yellow, gray-yellow; colourless to yellow in transmitted light.
Hardness (Mohs):4½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
On {0001} (or parting) present at times apparently due to alteration.
Fracture:Splintery, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):4.33 - 4.39 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.38 g/cm3

Crystallography of Parisite-(Ce)

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):m - Domatic
Cell Parameters:a = 12.305Å, b = 7.1056Å, c = 28.2478Å
β = 98.246°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.732 : 1 : 3.975
Unit Cell Volume:V 2,444.30 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals commonly acute double hexagonal pyramids; prismatic in appearance at times due to oscillatory combination of steep pyramids. True prism faces are either lacking or are very small. Also trigonal (or possibly rhombohedral in development). Elongated crystals have locally enlarged portions at times, or have sceptre-like terminations. Lateral faces are striated or deeply grooved. {0001} very commonly present as small faces, large at times.
Comment:Spage group Cc
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
14.03 (40)
3.565 (100)
2.838 (100)
2.060 (80)
1.938 (60)
1.882 (50)
1.658 (50)

Optical Data of Parisite-(Ce)

Type:Uniaxial (+)
RI values: nω = 1.676 nε = 1.757
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.081

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:O = Light yellow
E = Golden yellow

Absorption E > O.

Chemical Properties of Parisite-(Ce)

Formula:
Ca(Ce,La)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
 
2
Essential elements:C, Ca, Ce, F, O
All elements listed in formula:C, Ca, Ce, F, La, O

Relationship of Parisite-(Ce) to other Species

Common Associates:
ZirconRiebeckiteFluoriteCalcite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
5.BD.05Cordylite-(Ce)
NaBaCe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
5.BD.05Lukechangite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
Ce
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
5.BD.10Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
5.BD.10Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
5.BD.10Kukharenkoite-(La)
Ba
 
2
(La,Ce,Th)(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
5.BD.15Cebaite-(Ce)
Ba
 
3
Ce
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
F
 
2
5.BD.15Cebaite-(Nd)
Ba
 
3
(Nd,Ce)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
F
 
2
5.BD.18Arisite-(Ce)
NaCe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3-x
F
 
2x+1
5.BD.18Arisite-(La)
NaLa
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3-x
F
 
2x+1
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)F
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(La)
(La,Ce)(CO
 
3
)F
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(Y)
(Y,Ce)(CO
 
3
)F
5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)(OH,F)
5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)(OH,F)
5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
(La,Nd,Ce)(CO
 
3
)(OH,F)
5.BD.20bParisite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Ce,La)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
 
2
5.BD.20dRöntgenite-(Ce)
Ca
 
2
(Ce,La)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
F
 
3
5.BD.20cSynchysite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
5.BD.20cSynchysite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Y,Gd)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
5.BD.20cSynchysite-(Y)
Ca(Y,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
5.BD.20aThorbastnäsite
Th(Ca,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(Nd)
Nd(CO
 
3
)F
5.BD.25Horváthite-(Y)
NaY(CO
 
3
)F
 
2
5.BD.25Qaqarssukite-(Ce)
Ba(Ce,REE)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
5.BD.35Huanghoite-(Ce)
BaCe(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
12.1.1Northupite
Na
 
3
Mg(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Cl
12.1.2Barentsite
Na
 
7
Al(HCO
 
3
)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
 
4
12.1.3Rouvilleite
Na
 
3
(Ca,Mn,Fe)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
12.1.4Chlormagaluminite
Mg
 
4
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
12
Cl
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
12.1.5Defernite
Ca
 
6
(CO
 
3
)
 
2-x
(SiO
 
4
)
 
x
(OH)
 
7
(Cl,OH)
 
1-2x
 (x=0.5)
12.1.6Brenkite
Ca
 
2
(CO
 
3
)F
 
2
12.1.7Stenonite
(Sr,Ba,Na)
 
2
Al(CO
 
3
)F
 
5
12.1.8Bastnäsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)F
12.1.9Bastnäsite-(La)
(La,Ce)(CO
 
3
)F
12.1.10Bastnäsite-(Y)
(Y,Ce)(CO
 
3
)F
12.1.12Parisite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Ce,La)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
 
2
12.1.13Synchysite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
12.1.14Synchysite-(Y)
Ca(Y,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
12.1.15Synchysite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Y,Gd)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
12.1.16Röntgenite-(Ce)
Ca
 
2
(Ce,La)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
F
 
3
12.1.17Cordylite-(Ce)
NaBaCe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
12.1.19Huanghoite-(Ce)
BaCe(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
12.1.20Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
12.1.21Cebaite-(Ce)
Ba
 
3
Ce
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
F
 
2
12.1.22Thorbastnäsite
Th(Ca,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
12.1.23Phosgenite
Pb
 
2
CO
 
3
Cl
 
2
12.1.24Barstowite
Pb
 
4
Cl
 
6
(CO
 
3
) · H
 
2
O
12.1.25Albrechtschraufite
Ca
 
4
Mg(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
6
F
 
2
 · 17H
 
2
O
12.1.26Kettnerite
CaBiCO
 
3
OF

Other Names for Parisite-(Ce)

Other Languages:
German:Parisit-(Ce)
Russian:Паризит-(Ce)
Simplified Chinese:氟菱钙铈矿

Other Information

Other Information:Soluble in hot strong acids.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Parisite-(Ce)

Reference List:

- +
Medici-Spada (1835) (as Musite).

Medici-Spada in Bunsen (1845) Annalen der Chemie, Leipzig (Justus Liebig’s): 53: 147 (as Parisite).

Penfield and Warren (1899) American Journal of Science: 8: 21.

Tschernik (1906) Verh. Russ. Min. Ges.: 44: 507.

Tschernik (1909) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: II: 336.

Palache, C. and Warren (1911) American Journal of Science: 31: 533 (as Parisite).

Palache, C. and Warren (1911) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 49: 332.

Quercigh (1912) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Rend.: 21: 581.

Aminoff (1920) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 42: 291.

Goldschmidt, V. (1920) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 6: 120.

Cesàro (1924) Soc. roy. Sci. Liége, Mém.: 12, no. 1.

Hintze, Carl (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3A]: 3440 (analyses).

Oftedal (1931) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 79: 437.

Ungemach (1935) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 91: 1.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 282-285.

Cheang, K. (1977) Structure and Polytypism in Synchesite and Parisite from Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec. M.S. thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.

Yunxiang, Ni, John M. Hughes, and Anthony N. Mariano (1993) The atomic arrangement of bastnäsite-(Ce), Ce(CO3)F, and structural elements of synchysite-(Ce), röntgenite-(Ce), and parisite-(Ce). American Mineralogist: 78: 415-418.

American Mineralogist (1996): 81: 253-254.

Ni, Y., J.E. Post, and J.M. Hughes (2000) The Crystal Structure of Parisite-(Ce), Ce2CaF2(CO3)3. American Mineralogist: 85: 251-258.

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    • Localities for Parisite-(Ce)

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Andorra
     
    • Pas de la Casa
    		in Collection Joachim Esche
    Canada
     
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
        • Blachford Lake alkaline complex
    		SHEARD, E.R., WILLIAMS-JONES, A.E., HEILIGMANN, M., PEDERSON, C. AND TRUEMAN, D.L. (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 107(1), 81-104.
    Sheard, E.R. (2010); Emma R. Sheard, Anthony E. Williams-Jones, Martin Heiligmann, Chris Pederson and David L. Trueman (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists(January 2012), 107(1):81-104; SHEARD, E.R., WILLIAMS-JONES, A.E., HEILIGMANN, M., PEDERSON, C. AND TRUEMAN, D.L. (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 107(1), 81-104.
    • Ontario
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		Platt & Wooley (1990)
    McLaughlin (1990)
    • Québec
      • Laurentides
        • Deux-Montagnes RCM
          • Oka
    		Gold (1969); Gaston Pouliot (1970) Study of carbonatitic calcites from Oka, Quebec. Can Mineral 10:511-540
      • Montérégie
        • Lajemmerais RCM
          • Varennes & St-Amable
            • Saint-Amable sill
    		HORVÁTH, L. (2010) The minerals of the Saint-Amable sill: an update. MICRONEWS 44(4), 23-28.
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Cheang, K.K. (1977), Structure and polytypism of synchisite and parisite from Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec. M. Sc. Thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
      • Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean
        • Le Fjord-du-Saguenay RCM
          • Saint-Honoré
    		Fournier, A. (1993)
    FOURNIER, A. (1993) Magmat!c and hydrothermal controls of LREE mineralization of the St.-Honoré carbonatite, Québec. M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. 95p.
    China
     
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Baise Prefecture
        • Jingxi Co.
    		Wang, Q.F., Deng, J., Liu, X.F., Zhang, Q.Z., Sun, S.L., Jiang, C.Z., Zhou, F. (2010): Discovery of the REE minerals and its geological significance in the Quyang bauxite deposit, West Guangxi, China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 39, 701–712.
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture)
        • Bayan Obo Mining District
          • Bayan Obo
            • Bayan Obo deposit (Bayun-Obo deposit; Baiyunebo deposit)
    		Smith, M.P., Henderson, P., and Campbell, L.S. (2000): Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64(18), 3141-1360.
    Smith, M.P., Henderson, P., and Campbell, L.S. (2000): Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64(18), 3141-1360.
            • Dulahala
    		Yang, X.M., Yang, X.Y., Zheng, Y.F., and Le Bas, M.J. (2003): Mineralogy and Petrology 78, 93-110.
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Dayu Co.
    		Guoneng Chen and Grapes, R. (2007): Granite Genesis: In-Situ Melting and Crustal Evolution. Springer Verlag, 278 pp.
    • Sichuan Province
      • Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Mianning Co.
    		Dawei Meng, Xiuling Wu, Tao Mu, and Douxing Li (2001): Canadian Mineralogist 39, 1713-1724.
    Colombia
     
    • Boyacá Department
      • Vasquez-Yacopí Mining District
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 284; NJMM (1992), 258; Lapis 12 (1994), 8
    Am Min 85:251-258
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • South Moravia Region
        • Moravský Krumlov
    		Filip, J., Houzar, S., Sulovský, P.: Allanit a produkty jeho přeměny z pegmatitu a ze skarnu u Rešic, západní Morava. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2002, roč. 87, s. 87 - 101.
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Kivu
    		Nasraoui, M., Toulkeridis, T., Clauer, N., & Bilal, E. (2000). Differentiated hydrothermal and meteoric alterations of the Lueshe carbonatite complex (Democratic Republic of Congo) identified by a REE study combined with a sequential acid-leaching experiment. Chemical Geology, 165(1), 109-132.
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
    		Patrice Queneau Collection
        • Luzenac
    		[Le Cahier des Micromonteurs 1990, 4, p.3,8-12]
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Fichtelgebirge
          • Weißenstadt
            • Großer Waldstein
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Waldkirchen
            • Röhrnbach
    		Habel, M. (2011): Neufunde aus dem östlichen Bayerischen Wald (VIII). Mineralien Welt. 22 (1),80-87
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz
        • Wernigerode
          • Hasserode
    		Haack, U., Schnorrer-Koehler, G. & Lueders, V. (1987): Seltenerd-Minerale aus hydrothermalen Gängen des Harzes. Chemie der Erde 47, 41-45 (in German).
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Sámos Prefecture
        • Sámos Island
    		Theye, T.; Hatert, F.; Ockenga, E.; Bertoldi, C.; Lathe, C. (2010): Gramaccioliite-(Y): paragenesis chemistry, and structure in a new occurrence, Samos Island, Greece. European Journal of Mineralogy, 22, 443-452.
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa Province (West Greenland)
      • Narsaq
        • Igaliku (Igaliko)
          • Narssârssuk (Narsarsuk)
    		Lapis 19(12), 9 (1994)
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Formazza Valley
          • Formazza
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Mergozzo
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 284.
        • Ossola Valley
          • Crevoladossola
    		Lapis, 20 (10), 15-23+86.
    Madagascar
     
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Amoron'i Mania Region
        • Ambatofinandrahana District
          • Imorona valley
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 284.
    Malawi
     
    • Zomba District
    		Cairncross, B., Messner, K & Farquharson, E. (1999): Die Pegmatite des Mount Malosa bei Zomba, Malawi. LAPIS 24 (4), 22-32; American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1216–1222, 2009; Guastoni, A., Kondo, D. & Nestola, F. (2010): Bastnäsite-(Ce) and Parisite-(Ce) from Mt. Malosa, Malawi. Gems & Gemology 46, 42-46.
    Mongolia
     
    • Dornogovi Aimag
      • Hövsgöl
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Namibia
     
    • Khomas Region
      • Windhoek District
        • Aris
    		Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012), Germano Fretti specimen
    Norway
     
    • Akershus
      • Nittedal
    		Berg, H. J.(1994): Bjønndalen Bruk. STEIN 21 (3), 205-216
    • Buskerud
      • Kongsberg
    		Bancroft, P., Nordrum, F.S. & Lyckberg, P.(2001): Kongsberg revisited. Mineralogical Record 32: 181-205
    • Nordland
      • Tysfjord
    		Vogt, Th. (1922): Über Thalenit von Hundholmen im nördlichen Norwegen. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 19-47 + plates VII-IX.; Husdal, T. (2011): Tysfjordgranittens pegmatitter. Stein. 38 (4): 4-35
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
        • Øståsen
          • Surka
    		L. O. Kvamsdal (1998): Mineralene fra Nordmarkitt og Grefsensyenitt i Oslofeltet. AS Merkur-Trykk, Oslo(in Norwegian).
    • Sogn og Fjordane
      • Luster
        • Berdalen
          • Hurrungane
    		Selbekk, R.S., Spurgin, S. and Lundmark, M. (2006): Beryll-allanitt-(Ce) pegmatittene i Berdalen, Hurrungane. Stein, 33 (1): 28-31
    • Svalbard
      • Spitsbergen
        • Hornsund fjord
    		 Pršek, J., Majka, J., Uher, P. & Chudík, P. (2010): Niobium-tantalum minerals in the Skoddefjellet NYF granitic pegmatite, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway: Primary versus secondary assemblage. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 187, 235-248
    • Telemark
      • Kragerø
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 100.
      • Nome
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 100.
      • Porsgrunn
        • Langangen
          • Rønningen (Skredderrønningen)
    		Burvald, Ingulv (1993): To forekomster av nefelin-syenitt-pegmatitt i Telemark. STEIN 20 (3), 176-179; Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
        • Langesundsfjorden
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen
    		Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Larsen, A.O., Åsheim, A. and Gault, R. A. (2005): Minerals of the eudialyte group from the Sagåsen larvikite quarry, Porsgrunn, Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter 30: 58-62
    • Vestfold
      • Holmestrand
    		Raade (1969b, p. 237); Larsen, A. O. (1994): Drusemineraler fra Solumsåsen pukkverk, Holmestrand. STEIN 21 (2), 136-141
      • Horten
        • Skoppum
    		P. Andresen, collected August 2004.
      • Larvik
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Lille Arøya (Midtre Arøy; Øvre Arøy; Övre-Arö)
    		Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16, pp. 650-654; Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p (p.185)
          • Vesle Arøya
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
        • Tvedalen
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
    Kamphaug, E. (1987): Wikmanitt (sic!) fra Vevja-bruddet i Tvedalen. NAGS-nytt 14 (4),27. ; Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
      • Sande
    		Hermann Fylling
      • Sandefjord
        • Råstad
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
        • Vesterøya
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71;Berge, S.A., Larsen, K.E. & Andersen, F. (2011): Buer, Vesterøya, Sandefjord- en typelokalitet for et nytt mineral. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 46: 49-56
    Svein A. Berge collection
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
      • Tjøme
        • Færder
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
        • Hvasser
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
    Pakistan
     
    • Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)
      • Khyber Agency
    		Reiner Mielke
      • Mohmand Agency
    		Herb Obodda
    • Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (North-West Frontier Province)
      • Peshawar
        • Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri
    		The Mineralogical Record, Volume 35 Number 3, p. 212
    Romania
     
    • Harghita Co.
      • Ditrău (Ditró)
    		Szakáll, S. & Kristály, F., Eds. (2010): Mineralogy of Székelyland, Eastern Transylvania, Romania. Csík County Nature and Conservation Society, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania, 321 pp.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic
          • Ulan-Ude
    		Bulnaev, K.B., and Karmanov, N.S. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 614-618.
      • Tuva Republic
        • Sayan Mts
          • Eastern Sayan
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Prepolar Ural
        • Tyumenskaya Oblast'
          • Khanty-Mansi (Khanty Mansiysk) Okrug
            • Saranpaul
    		[Lapis 1995:3 p13-35]
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
    		Ďuďa R.,Kotuľak P., Káňa R., 1993: Bergbau und Mineralien von Banská Štiavnica (Schemnitz), Slowakei. Emser Hefte, 14, 3, 1-70, Haltern
      • Rimavská Sobota Co.
        • Tisovec
    		Ondrejka M., Uher P., Pršek J., Ozdín D., Putiš M., 2005: Arsenian monazite-Ce and REE arsenates and carbonates: Composition and substitution in the REEPO4 – REEAsO4 system. Example from Tisovec – Rejkovo thyolite (Western Carpathians, Slovakia). Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol.7, 04857.
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Mokopane District (Potgietersrus)
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • North West Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Rustenburg District
    		VERWOERD, W.J. (1986) Mineral deposits associated with carbonatites and alkaline rocks. In: Mineral deposits of Southern Africa. Vol. II. 2173-2191. Edited by: Annhaeusser and Maske. Geological Society of South Africa.
    South Korea
     
    • Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto)
      • Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)
        • Joongwon-gun
          • Mt. Eorae
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Spain
     
    • Galicia
      • Pontevedra
        • Porriño
    		Calvo, M. (2012): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. V, Carbonatos y Nitratos. Boratos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 711 pp
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Binn Valley
        • Albrunhorn - Turbhorn area
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 298.
        • Kriegalp Valley (Chriegalp Valley)
    		van der Burgt, A. & Cuchet, S. (2005): Neu: Gadolinit, Aeschynit und Synchisit vom Fleschsee, Binntal (Schweiz). Lapis 30 (4), 19-27, 50. (in German)
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 298.
    Ukraine
     
    • Dnipropetrovs'k Oblast' (Dnepropetrovsk Oblast')
      • Ukrainian Shield
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    L. N. Kogarko, V. A. Konova, M. P. Orlova, A. R. Woolley (1995) Ukraine in Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World pp 49-58
    • Zhytomyr Oblast' (Zhitomir Oblast')
    		Lyckberg, P., Chornousenko, V. & Wilson, W. E. (2009): Volodarsk-Volynski, Zhitomir Oblast, Ukraine. Mineralogical Record, 40, 473-506.
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Pulaski Co.
        • Little Rock
          • Granite Mountain area
    		Rocks and Minerals, (2000) 75:250-252
    Rocks and Minerals, (2000) 75:250-252
    Rocks and Minerals, (2000) 75:250-252
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Ivanpah District (Copper World District)
          • Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range)
            • Clark Mountain Sub-District
              • Mountain Pass
    		Olson, Jerry Chipman, Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., Sharpe, W.N., and Hewlett, D.F. (1954), Geology of the rare-earth deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County California, USGS 261 pp.: ; Wright, L.A., et al (1953), Mines and mineral resources of San Bernardino County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology, California Division of Mines (Report 49): 49(1-2): 125; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 183, 212, 221, 222; Haxel, G. (2005) Ultrapotassic rocks, carbonatite and rare earth element deposit, Mountain Pass, southern California. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Mojava National Preserve, southern California. USGS Bulletin 2160.
    • Colorado
      • Gunnison Co.
        • White Earth District (Powderhorn District)
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 17, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
    • Idaho
      • Elmore Co.
    		Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
    • Massachusetts
      • Norfolk Co.
    		Palache, C. and Warren, C. H. (1911): The Chemical Composition and Crystallization of Parisite and a New Occurrence of It in the Granite-Pegmatites at Quincy, Mass., U. S. A.; with Notes on Microcline, Riebeckite, Aegirite, Ilmenite, Octahedrite, Fluorite, and Wulfenite from the Same Locality. (Amer. Jour. Sci. 4th Series, 31:533-557)
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 284.
    • Montana
      • Mineral Co.
        • Alberton
          • Fish Creek
    		Econ Geol (2004) 99:1727-1744; Econ Geol (1985) 80:394-409; Lasmanis, R. (1977): The Snowbird mine, Montana's Parisite locality. Mineralogical Record, 8 (2) :83-86.
      • Ravalli Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 284.
    • Rhode Island
      • Providence Co.
        • Cumberland
    		Bjareby, Gunnar (1964): Letter quoted in Yedlin, Neal: The Micromounter (Rocks and Minerals 40:266-267, April 1965); Miller, C. E. (1971) Rhode Island Minerals and their Localities, O. D. Hermes, Ed., University of Rhode Island, Kingston; Rocks & Minerals (1986) 61:264-275
    • Virginia
      • Augusta Co.
    		http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/baedke/dept/abs2002.pdf.
    • Washington
      • Okanogan Co.
        • Golden Horn Batholith
    		Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8
    Vietnam
     
    • Lai Chau Province
      • Phong Tho District
        • Mt Fansipan
    		Feldman l.G., Sarkisyan S.Sh., Boriskin V.P., Purusova S.P., Nguen Van Hoai, Chin Suan Ben (1987) Crystalline beckelite from Nam Se deposit (Northern Vietnam), - Mineralogicheskiy Zhurnal, v.9, N1, pp. 78-86 (in Rus.)
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