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Parnauite

Big Photo

Clara Mine, Rankach valley, Oberwolfach, Wolfach, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Parnauite Photos (37)
Formula:
Cu
 
9
[(OH)
 
10
|SO
 
4
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 7H
 
2
O
System:OrthorhombicColour:Pale blue, green, dark ...
Name:After John L. Parnau (1906-1990), American mineral collector, of Campbell, California, USA, who made contributions to knowledge of the type locality.


An uncommon secondary Cu-sulphate-arsenate. Fibrous varities and crusts may be confused with strashimirite.

Parnauite, which has a still unknown crystal structure, may in fact contain some carbonate (U. Kolitsch, comment 2/08):
1) The original description states "The mineral dissolves readily in dil. HCl with the evolution of CO2 bubbles."
2) Lai et al. (1997) suggest an ideal chemical formula of "Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(CO3)(OH)8.6H2O."
3) See 'Debaoite'.

Classification of Parnauite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/D.20-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.DF.35

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
F : With only medium-sized cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 > 3:1
Dana 8th edition ID:43.5.13.1

43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
5 : Hydrated Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
Hey's CIM Ref.:22.3.1

22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
3 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with sulphates
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Type Occurrence of Parnauite

Type Locality:Majuba Hill Mine (Mylar Mine), Antelope District, Pershing Co., Nevada, USA
Year of Discovery:1978

Physical Properties of Parnauite

Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Pale blue, green, dark green, blue-green, yellow-green
Density (measured):3.09(4) g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.09 g/cm3

Crystallography of Parnauite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 14.98Å, b = 14.22Å, c = 6.01Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.053 : 1 : 0.423
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,280.22 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Lathlike, bowties, rosettes, scales, compact crusts.

Optical Data of Parnauite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.680 nβ = 1.704 nγ = 1.712
2V:Measured: 60° (5), Calculated: 58°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.032

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v strong
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:X= pale green
Y= yelow-green
Z= blue-green

Chemical Properties of Parnauite

Formula:
Cu
 
9
[(OH)
 
10
|SO
 
4
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 7H
 
2
O
Essential elements:As, Cu, H, O, S
All elements listed in formula:As, Cu, H, O, S

Relationship of Parnauite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.DF.05Hotsonite
Al
 
11
[(OH)
 
21
|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 16H
 
2
O
8.DF.10Bolivarite
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
3
|PO
 
4
] · 4-5H
 
2
O
8.DF.10Evansite
Al
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|PO
 
4
] · 6H
 
2
O
8.DF.10Liskeardite
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|AsO
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
8.DF.10Rosièresite
(Pb, Cu, Al, P, O, H)
8.DF.15Rusakovite
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
5
[(OH)
 
9
|(VO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 3H
 
2
O
8.DF.20Liroconite
Cu
 
2
Al[(OH)
 
4
|AsO
 
4
] · 4H
 
2
O
8.DF.25Sieleckiite
Cu
 
3
Al
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
8.DF.30Chalcophyllite
Cu
 
18
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
9
|SO
 
4
|AsO
 
4
]
 
3
 · 33H
 
2
O
8.DF.40Gladiusite
Fe
 
2
(Fe,Mg)
 
4
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
11
(H
 
2
O)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
22.3.2Ardealite
Ca
 
2
[HPO
 
4
|SO
 
4
] · 4H
 
2
O
22.3.3Machatschkiite
(Ca,Na)
 
6
AsO
 
4
(AsO
 
3
OH)
 
3
(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)·15H
 
2
O
22.3.4Clinotyrolite
Ca
 
2
Cu
 
9
[(OH,O)
 
10
|(AsO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
4
] · 10H
 
2
O
22.3.5Peisleyite
Na
 
3
Al
 
16
[SO
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
5
]
 
2
 · 20H
 
2
O
22.3.6Chalcophyllite
Cu
 
18
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
9
|SO
 
4
|AsO
 
4
]
 
3
 · 33H
 
2
O
22.3.7Woodhouseite
CaAl
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
|PO
 
4
]
22.3.8Schlossmacherite
(H
 
3
O,Ca)Al
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
,AsO
 
4
)
 
2
]
22.3.9Svanbergite
SrAl
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
|PO
 
4
]
22.3.10Kemmlitzite
(Sr,Ce)Al
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
|AsO
 
4
]
22.3.11Sanjuanite
Al
 
2
[OH|SO
 
4
|PO
 
4
] · 9H
 
2
O
22.3.12Kribergite
Al
 
5
[(OH)
 
4
|SO
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
22.3.13Hotsonite
Al
 
11
[(OH)
 
21
|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 16H
 
2
O
22.3.14Weilerite
22.3.15Tsumebite
Pb
 
2
Cu[OH|SO
 
4
|PO
 
4
]
22.3.16Arsentsumebite
Pb
 
2
Cu[OH|SO
 
4
|AsO
 
4
]
22.3.17Hinsdalite
PbAl
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
|PO
 
4
]
22.3.18Hidalgoite
PbAl
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
|AsO
 
4
]
22.3.19Orpheite
PbAl
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
] (?)
22.3.20Coconinoite
Fe
3+
2
Al
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|SO
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
4
] · 20H
 
2
O
22.3.21Sasaite
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
14
[(OH)
 
7
|SO
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
11
] · 83H
 
2
O
22.3.22Tristramite
(Ca,U,Fe)(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)·2H
 
2
O
22.3.23Corkite
PbFe
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
|PO
 
4
]
22.3.24Beudantite
PbFe
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
|AsO
 
4
]
22.3.25Diadochite
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 5H
 
2
O
22.3.26Sarmientite
Fe
3+
2
[OH|SO
 
4
|AsO
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
22.3.27Bukovskýite
Fe
3+
2
[OH|SO
 
4
|AsO
 
4
] · 7H
 
2
O
22.3.28Zýkaite
Fe
3+
4
[OH|SO
 
4
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 15H
 
2
O
22.3.29Tooeleite
Fe
3+
6
(AsO
 
3
)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
· 4H
 
2
O
22.3.30Pitticite
[Fe, SO
 
4
, AsO
 
4
, H
 
2
O] ?
22.3.31Xiangjiangite
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)(UO
 
2
)
 
4
[OH|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 22H
 
2
O

Other Names for Parnauite

Synonyms:
IMA1978-014
Other Languages:
German:Parnauit
Spanish:Parnauita
Varieties:
Debaoite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Parnauite

Reference List:Wise, W. S. (1978): Parnauite and goudeyite, two new copper arsenate minerals from the Majuba Hill Mine, Pershing County, Nevada. American Mineralogist: 63: 704-708.

Walenta, K. (1981): Parnauit von Fundorten im Schwarzwald. Aufschluss 32, 135-140. (in German).

Lairen Lai, Yi Li, and Nicheng Shi (1997): Discovery and Study of Parnauite. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 16(1), 50-55 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Riviéra Scientifique (1997): 3-58.

Articles/Blogs about Parnauite

Internet Links for Parnauite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Parnauite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Parnauite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Parnauite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Catamarca
      • Andalgalá
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Karawanken Mts
        • Bad Eisenkappel (Bad Eisenkappl)
          • Ebriach
    		G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001)
          • Rijavitzagraben (Jeravitzagraben; Remscheniggraben)
    		G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001)
        • Finkenstein
          • Mallestiger Mittagskogel Mt.
    		[Der Aufschluss 1996,4 p.186-192]
    • Salzburg
      • Saalfelden
        • Leogang
          • Hütten
            • Schwarzleograben
              • Inschlag Alp
    		C.L. Lengauer, G. Giester, E. Kirchner: Mineralogy and Petrology 81:187-201 (2004)
              • Schwarzleo District
    		C.L. Lengauer, G. Giester, E. Kirchner: Mineralogy and Petrology 81:187-201 (2004)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Poeverlein, R. (2008): Euchroit und seine Begleiter vom prähistorischen Bergbau, Leogang, Österreich. Lapis, 33 (5), 13-22.
    • Styria
      • Bruck an der Mur
        • Laming valley
    		Postl, W. (1990); Exel, R. (1993)
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Brixlegg - Schwaz area
            • Brixlegg - Rattenberg
    		Lapis 29(9):9-11 (2004)
              • Geyer - Silberberg District
                • Silberberg Mt.
    		Schnorrer, G. and Poeverlein, R. (2002) Schwaz-Brixlegg-Fundstellen: 2. Die Minerale des Stockerstollens bei Brixlegg in Tirol. Aufschluss, 53, 209-228.
    R. Poeverlein and J. Gröbner (2007): "Der Bergbau Geyer bei Rattenberg in Tirol und seine Mineralien", Lapis 32(2), 34-38.
    Schnorrer, G. & Poeverlein, R. (2008): Schwaz-Brixlegger Fundstellen. 6. Die Minerale des Gratlspitz bei Brixlegg in Tirol. Aufschluss 59, 7-28.
    Schnorrer, G. & Poeverlein, R. (2005): Schwaz-Brixlegger-Fundstellen: 3. Die Minerale vom Bergbau Maukenötz bei Brixlegg, Tirol. Der Aufschluss, 56, 223-234.
            • Schwaz
              • Ringenwechsel District
                • Weißer Schrofen
    		Schnorrer, G., Poeverlein, R. (2007): Die Minerale des Martinstollens am Weißen Schrofen, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 58, 27-40
    Brazil
     
    • Northeast Region
      • Bahia
        • Piatã
          • Inúbia
    		Lapis 32 (12) 44
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Copiapó Province
        • Tierra Amarilla
          • Pampa Larga district
    		maurizio dini collection - quantitative analysis
    China
     
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Baise Prefecture
        • Debao Co.
    		Lairen Lai, Yi Li, and Nicheng Shi (1997): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 16(1), 50-55.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Ostrov
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Aude
        • Carcassonne
          • Mas-Cabardès
            • Salsigne
    		 Le Règne Minéral, Hors série (3), 36-54
        • Narbonne
          • Tuchan
            • Padern
    		http://www.zampano.com/minmax/fundort.php3?lang=US&fp=1975&foid=1549]
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Nantiat
          • Vaulry
    		Queneau Patrice collection
    • Lorraine
      • Vosges
        • Val-d'Ajol
    		Lheur C., Moreau F. (1994), Les minéralisations du filon du Bas Hérival près du Val d'Ajol (Vosges), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°2, pp: 3-14
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
        • Guillaumes
          • Daluis
    		Mari G., Sarp H., Dalia A. (1997), Le gîte cuprifère de l'Hubac de Jourdan (Daluis et la Croix-sur-Roudoule, Alpes-Maritimes, France), Le Règne Minéral, n° 13, pp: 30-37
      • Var
        • Pradet
    		1) Sarp, H., Deferne, J. and Liebich, B. W. (1978): Presence of parnauite, a new copper sulfoarsenate, in the Garonne mine (Var, France). Arch. Sci. Genève 31, 213-217. (in French) 2) [UKJMM 2:11-15 "Cap Gronne Secondary Copper and Lead - W.R. van den Berg"]
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Rhône
        • Monsols
    		Favreau G., Legris J-R., Dardillac M. (1996), La Verrière (Rhône): Histoire et Minéralogie, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp:3-28
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Calw
        • Freudenstadt
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
        • Gengenbach
          • Haigerach valley
    		Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald
        • Schapbach
          • Tiefenbach valley
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Burgfelsen
    		No reference listed
            • Heubach Valley
    		No reference listed
    K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German)
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Gosenbach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Oberwiesenthal
          • Niederschlag
    		Lapis, 19 (4), 13-22+50.
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Langenberg
            • Graul
    		http://www.dergraul.de
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamareza; Kamariza)
            • Kamareza Mines
    		J. Gröbner und U. Kolitsch (2002): Neufunde von Laurion aus den Jahren 2001 und 2002. Aufschluss 53 (5-6), 363-371.
    Lapis, 28/5 (May 2003)
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Galway
      • Killimor
    		de Haller, series of article in Bull. Soc. Genevoise de Minéralogie in the 1980s.
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
    		[MinRec 32:360]
      • La Spezia Province
        • Rocchetta Vara
    		Palenzona et al., 2002. La geigerite della miniera di Monte Nero (Rocchetta Vara, La Spezia). Riv. Miner. Ital., 2: 75-76.
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Muravera
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi G., (1993): Sarrabus Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", 208 pp.
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza Province
        • Torrebelvicino
          • Mercanti Valley
            • Zuccanti Valley
    		Saccardo D., Benincasa E., Malferrari D., Medici L., 2002. I minerali di Monte Cengio (Torrebelvicino, Vicenza). Riv. Miner. Ital., 1: 42-47.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Shizuoka Prefecture
          • Shimoda City
            • Rendaiji
    		Matsubara, S. (2002) The Mineral Species of Japan, 5th edition (Kobutsu Joho)
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
          • Bou Azzer District
            • Khder
    		Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		No reference listed
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Ľubietová (Libetbánya; Libethen) ore belt
    		Koděra, M., a kol.: Topografická mineralogie Slovenska. Sv. 2 Ko-Seč, Bratislava, Veda 1990, s. 731 – 738.
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Huercal-Overa
    		VINALS J., CALVO, M., MARTÍ, J. (2004): Parnauita, Paratacamita y otros Minerales Secundarios de Cerro Minado Akmeria. Revista de Minerales, 2, Nr. 5, 47-49.
        • Níjar
          • Rodalquilar mining District
    		S.Rust collection
    Switzerland
     
    • Glarus
      • Murg Valley
    		No reference listed
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Sion (Sitten)
        • Granges
    		Le Règne Minéral, 44, p15-21
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Camborne - Redruth - St Day District
          • Camborne
            • Troon
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
          • Gwennap - St Day Area
            • Carharrack
    		[Ian Bruce collected material, XRD confirmed Manchester Museum]
            • St Day
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
    [Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
        • Liskeard District
          • Caradon & Phoenix Area (South-Eastern Bodmin Moor)
            • Linkinhorne
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
        • Mount's Bay District
          • St Hilary
    		No reference listed
    [Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
        • St Austell District
          • Lanivet Area
            • Lanivet
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
      • Leicestershire
        • Stanton under Bardon
    		UKJMM 26:31-42
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Trefeirig
          • Goginan
    		Rust S.A. & Mason, J.S.(1994): An unusual occurrence of arsenate minerals at Gwaith-yr-Afon mine, Dyfed, Walws. J.of the Russell Society, 5(2),109-113.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Coconino Co.
        • Grandview District
          • Grand Canyon National Park
            • Horseshoe Mesa
              • Cape Royal
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 322.
    • Colorado
      • Hinsdale Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997)
    • Nevada
      • Esmeralda Co.
        • Weepah District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Antelope District
    		No reference listed
      • Washoe Co.
        • Pyramid District
    		Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999
    • Utah
      • Juab Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • Tintic District
    		Collected by Brent Thorne
    Self collected by Brent Thorne
      • Tooele Co.
        • Deep Creek Mts
          • Gold Hill District (Clifton District)
            • Gold Hill
              • Gold Hill Mine (Western Utah Mine)
    		Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22
    Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22
    • Washington
      • Snohomish Co.
        • Monte Cristo District
          • Monte Cristo
    		www.cannonmicroprobe.com/Mineral_Specimens.htm
    Mineral and/or Locality
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