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Parnauite

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Big Photo

Clara Mine, Rankach valley, Oberwolfach, Wolfach, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Parnauite Photos (103)



Formula:
Cu
 
9
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
10
 · 7H
 
2
O
System:OrthorhombicColour:Pale blue, green, dark ...
Name:
After John L. Parnau (1906-1990), American mineral collector, of Campbell, California, USA, who made contributions to knowledge of the type locality.


An uncommon secondary Cu-sulphate-arsenate. Fibrous varieties and crusts may be confused with strashimirite.

Parnauite, which has a still unknown crystal structure, may in fact contain some carbonate (U. Kolitsch, comment 2/08):
1) The original description states "The mineral dissolves readily in dilute HCl with the evolution of CO2 bubbles."
2) Lai et al. (1997) suggest an ideal chemical formula of "Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(CO3)(OH)8.6H2O."
3) See 'Debaoite'.

A recent SXRD data collection suggests an OD crystal structure (Kolitsch, unpubl. results).

Classification of Parnauite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/D.20-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.DF.35

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
F : With only medium-sized cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 > 3:1
Dana 8th edition ID:43.5.13.1

43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
5 : Hydrated Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
Hey's CIM Ref.:22.3.1

22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
3 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with sulphates
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Type Occurrence of Parnauite

Type Locality:Majuba Hill Mine (Mylar Mine), Antelope District, Pershing Co., Nevada, USA
Year of Discovery:1978

Physical Properties of Parnauite

Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Pale blue, green, dark green, blue-green, yellow-green
Density (measured):3.09(4) g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.09 g/cm3

Crystallography of Parnauite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 14.98Å, b = 14.22Å, c = 6.01Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.053 : 1 : 0.423
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,280.22 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Lath-like crystals (subparallel), bowties, rosettes, scales, compact crusts.

Optical Data of Parnauite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.680 nβ = 1.704 nγ = 1.712
2V:Measured: 60° (5), Calculated: 58°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.032

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v strong
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:X= pale green
Y= yelow-green
Z= blue-green

Chemical Properties of Parnauite

Formula:
Cu
 
9
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
10
 · 7H
 
2
O
Essential elements:As, Cu, H, O, S
All elements listed in formula:As, Cu, H, O, S

Relationship of Parnauite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.DF.05Hotsonite
Al
 
11
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
21
 · 16H
 
2
O
8.DF.10Bolivarite
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
3
 · 4-5H
 
2
O
8.DF.10Evansite
Al
 
3
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
 · 6H
 
2
O
8.DF.10Liskeardite
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
 · 5H
 
2
O
8.DF.10Rosièresite
(Pb, Cu, Al, P, O, H)
8.DF.15Rusakovite
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
5
(VO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
9
 · 3H
 
2
O
8.DF.20Liroconite
Cu
 
2
Al(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DF.25Sieleckiite
Cu
 
3
Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
12
 · 2H
 
2
O
8.DF.30Chalcophyllite
Cu
 
18
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
27
 · 33H
 
2
O
8.DF.40Gladiusite
Fe
 
2
(Fe,Mg)
 
4
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
11
(H
 
2
O)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
22.3.2Ardealite
Ca
 
2
(HPO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
) · 4H
 
2
O
22.3.3Machatschkiite
(Ca,Na)
 
6
(AsO
 
4
)(HAsO
 
4
)
 
3
(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
) · 15H
 
2
O
22.3.4Clinotyrolite
Ca
 
2
Cu
 
9
(AsO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,O)
 
10
 · 10H
 
2
O
22.3.5Peisleyite
Na
 
2
Al
 
9
[(P,S)O
 
4
]
 
8
(OH)
 
6
•28H
 
2
O
22.3.6Chalcophyllite
Cu
 
18
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
27
 · 33H
 
2
O
22.3.7Woodhouseite
CaAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
22.3.8Schlossmacherite
(H
 
3
O,Ca)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
,AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
22.3.9Svanbergite
SrAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
22.3.10Kemmlitzite
(Sr,Ce)Al
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
22.3.11Sanjuanite
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 9H
 
2
O
22.3.12Kribergite
Al
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
22.3.13Hotsonite
Al
 
11
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
21
 · 16H
 
2
O
22.3.14Weilerite
22.3.15Tsumebite
Pb
 
2
Cu(PO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
22.3.16Arsentsumebite
Pb
 
2
Cu(AsO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
22.3.17Hinsdalite
PbAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
22.3.18Hidalgoite
PbAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
22.3.19Orpheite
22.3.20Coconinoite
Fe
3+
2
Al
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
 · 20H
 
2
O
22.3.21Sasaite
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
14
(PO
 
4
)
 
11
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
7
 · 83H
 
2
O
22.3.22Tristramite
(Ca,U,Fe)(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
) · 2H
 
2
O
22.3.23Corkite
PbFe
 
3
(PO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
22.3.24Beudantite
PbFe
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
22.3.25Diadochite
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 5H
 
2
O
22.3.26Sarmientite
Fe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 5H
 
2
O
22.3.27Bukovskýite
Fe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 9H
 
2
O
22.3.28Zýkaite
Fe
3+
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 15H
 
2
O
22.3.29Tooeleite
Fe
3+
6
(As
3+
 
O
 
3
)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
22.3.30Pitticite
(Fe, SO
 
4
, AsO
 
4
, H
 
2
O) ?
22.3.31Xiangjiangite
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)(UO
 
2
)
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 22H
 
2
O

Other Names for Parnauite

Synonyms:
IMA1978-014
Other Languages:
German:Parnauit
Simplified Chinese:砷铜矾
Spanish:Parnauita
Varieties:
Debaoite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Parnauite

Reference List:

- +
Wise, W. S. (1978) Parnauite and goudeyite, two new copper arsenate minerals from the Majuba Hill Mine, Pershing County, Nevada. American Mineralogist 63, 704-708.

Walenta, K. (1981) Parnauit von Fundorten im Schwarzwald. Aufschluss 32, 135-140. (in German).

Lairen Lai, Yi Li, and Nicheng Shi (1997) Discovery and Study of Parnauite. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 16(1), 50-55 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Riviéra Scientifique (1997) 3-58.

Internet Links for Parnauite

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    • Localities for Parnauite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Catamarca
      • Andalgalá Department
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Karawanken
        • Bad Eisenkappel (Bad Eisenkappl)
          • Ebriach
    		G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001)
          • Rijavitzagraben (Jeravitzagraben; Remscheniggraben)
    		G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001)
        • Finkenstein
          • Mallestiger Mittagskogel
    		[Der Aufschluss 1996,4 p.186-192]
    • Salzburg
      • Saalfelden
        • Leogang
          • Hütten
            • Schwarzleograben
              • Inschlag Alp
    		C.L. Lengauer, G. Giester, E. Kirchner: Mineralogy and Petrology 81:187-201 (2004)
              • Schwarzleo District
    		C.L. Lengauer, G. Giester, E. Kirchner: Mineralogy and Petrology 81:187-201 (2004)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Poeverlein, R. (2008): Euchroit und seine Begleiter vom prähistorischen Bergbau, Leogang, Österreich. Lapis, 33 (5), 13-22.
    • Styria
      • Bruck an der Mur
        • Laming valley
          • Oberort-Tragöß
    		Postl, W. (1990); Exel, R. (1993)
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Brixlegg - Schwaz area
            • Brixlegg - Rattenberg
    		Lapis 29(9):9-11 (2004)
              • Geyer - Silberberg District
                • Silberberg
    		Schnorrer, G. and Poeverlein, R. (2002) Schwaz-Brixlegg-Fundstellen: 2. Die Minerale des Stockerstollens bei Brixlegg in Tirol. Aufschluss, 53, 209-228.
    R. Poeverlein and J. Gröbner (2007): "Der Bergbau Geyer bei Rattenberg in Tirol und seine Mineralien", Lapis 32(2), 34-38.
    Schnorrer, G. & Poeverlein, R. (2008): Schwaz-Brixlegger Fundstellen. 6. Die Minerale des Gratlspitz bei Brixlegg in Tirol. Aufschluss 59, 7-28.
              • Hof
    		Schnorrer, G. & Poeverlein, R. (2010): Schwaz-Brixlegger Fundstellen: 7. Die Minerale des Bergbaus Hofer Tratte bei Brixlegg in Tirol. Aufschluss 61, 147-156.
    Schnorrer, G. & Poeverlein, R. (2005): Schwaz-Brixlegger-Fundstellen: 3. Die Minerale vom Bergbau Maukenötz bei Brixlegg, Tirol. Der Aufschluss, 56, 223-234.
            • Schwaz
              • Ringenwechsel District
                • Weißer Schrofen
    		Schnorrer, G., Poeverlein, R. (2007): Die Minerale des Martinstollens am Weißen Schrofen, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 58, 27-40
        • Stanz valley
          • Flirsch
    		J. Gröbner, U. Kolitsch, R. Poeverlein & M. Strasser (2009): Ein ungewöhnliches Fahlerzvorkommen bei der Flirscher Schihütte im Stanzer Tal, Tirol. Lapis 34, 13-19; 58.
    Brazil
     
    • Bahia
      • Piatã
        • Inúbia
    		Lapis 32 (12) 44
    Bulgaria
     
    • Sofiya Oblast (Sofia Oblast)
      • Svoge Obshtina
        • Bov
    		Minceva-Stefanova, J. (2001): Arsenate minerals diversity in oxidation zones of the polymetallic stratabound deposits in Western Balkan Mountain. - Compt. rend. Acad. bulg. Sci., 54, 6, 39-42.
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Copiapó Province
        • Tierra Amarilla
          • Pampa Larga district
    		maurizio dini collection - quantitative analysis
    • Coquimbo Region
      • Choapa Province
        • Combarbalá
          • Cogotí
    		Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter, Curator of Hamburg Mineralogical Museum, Germany, and Dr. Hubert Putz (Salzburg Department of Mineralogy)
    China
     
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Baise Prefecture
        • Debao Co.
    		Lairen Lai, Yi Li, and Nicheng Shi (1997): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 16(1), 50-55.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Aude
        • Carcassonne
          • Mas-Cabardès
            • Salsigne
    		 Le Règne Minéral, Hors série (3), 36-54
        • Tuchan
          • Padern
    		http://www.zampano.com/minmax/fundort.php3?lang=US&fp=1975&foid=1549]
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Nantiat
          • Vaulry
    		Queneau Patrice collection
    • Lorraine
      • Vosges
        • Val-d'Ajol
    		Lheur C., Moreau F. (1994), Les minéralisations du filon du Bas Hérival près du Val d'Ajol (Vosges), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°2, pp: 3-14
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Aveyron
        • Saint-Rome-de-Tarn
    		Patrice Queneau Collection
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
        • Guillaumes
          • Daluis
    		Mari G., Sarp H., Dalia A. (1997), Le gîte cuprifère de l'Hubac de Jourdan (Daluis et la Croix-sur-Roudoule, Alpes-Maritimes, France), Le Règne Minéral, n° 13, pp: 30-37
      • Var
        • Le Pradet
    		1) Sarp, H., Deferne, J. and Liebich, B. W. (1978): Presence of parnauite, a new copper sulfoarsenate, in the Garonne mine (Var, France). Arch. Sci. Genève 31, 213-217. (in French) 2) [UKJMM 2:11-15 "Cap Gronne Secondary Copper and Lead - W.R. van den Berg"]
    trouvaille 1980 _ collection personnelle
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Rhône
        • Beaujeu
          • Les Ardillats
    		Favreau G., Legris J-R., Dardillac M. (1996), La Verrière (Rhône): Histoire et Minéralogie, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp:3-28
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Calw
    		Walenta, K. (1992): "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich).; American Mineralogist: 67: 854.
        • Freudenstadt
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
        • Gengenbach
          • Haigerach valley
    		Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald
        • Schapbach
          • Tiefenbach valley
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Burgfelsen
    		No reference listed
            • Heubach Valley
    		No reference listed
    K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German)
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001; Henrich, M. (2008): Neues von der Grube Eisenzecher Zug. Mineralien-Welt 19 (5), 16-25.
        • Gosenbach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Müsen
    		Schnorrer, G. (2004): Mineralogische Notizen VIII. Der Aufschluss, 55 (6), 381-384.; Reinhardt, M. (2010): Die Mineralien der Grube Wildermann bei Müsen im Siegerland. Lapis 35 (11), 13-28; 54
        • Niederschelden
    		Heinrich, M. & Reinhardt, M. (2011): Die Mineralien der Kobaltgrube "Alte Buntekuh" bei Niederschelden im Siegerland. Mineralien Welt. 22 (3): 14-27
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Lahn valley
        • Bad Ems District
          • Frücht
    		Möhn, G., Frohwein, J. & Blaß, G. (2009): Neue Mineralfunde von der Grube Friedrichssegen bei Bad Ems. Lapis 34 (5), 35-40; 58.
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Niederschlag-Bärenstein District
          • Bärenstein
            • Niederschlag
    		Lapis, 19 (4), 13-22+50.
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Langenberg
            • Graul
    		http://www.dergraul.de
    Greece
     
    • Attikí Prefecture (Attica; Attika)
      • Lavrion District (Laurion; Laurium)
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		LAPIS 24 (7/8) 1999; Wendel, W. and Markl, G. (1999) Lavrion: Mineralogische Klassiker und Raritäten für Sammler. LAPIS 24 (7/8):34-52
            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
    		Wendel, W. & Markl, G. (1996): Eine Antimonit-Paragenese und weitere Neufunde aus Lavrion. Lapis, 21 (11), 40-42; 62; J. Gröbner und U. Kolitsch (2002): Neufunde von Laurion aus den Jahren 2001 und 2002. Aufschluss 53 (5-6), 363-371.
              • Hilarion area
    		Lapis, 28/5 (May 2003)
    Hungary
     
    • Fejér Co.
      • Velencei Mts.
        • Lovasberény
          • Meleg Hill
    		HOM Collection-Szakáll S. 2010
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Galway
      • Killimor
    		de Haller, series of article in Bull. Soc. Genevoise de Minéralogie in the 1980s.
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
    		[MinRec 32:360]
      • La Spezia Province
        • Rocchetta Vara
    		Palenzona, A., Balestra, C., Marchesini, M. (2002): La geigerite della miniera di Monte Nero (Rocchetta Vara, La Spezia). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2/2002, 75-76.
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Muravera
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi G., (1993): Sarrabus Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", 208 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Massa-Carrara Province
        • Apuan Alps
    		Orlandi, P. & Criscuolo, A. (2009). Minerali del marmo delle Alpi Apuane. Pacini editore, Pisa, 180 pp.
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza Province
        • Torrebelvicino
          • Mercanti Valley
            • Zuccanti Valley
    		Saccardo D., Benincasa E., Malferrari D., Medici L., 2002. I minerali di Monte Cengio (Torrebelvicino, Vicenza). Riv. Miner. Ital., 1: 42-47.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Shizuoka Prefecture
          • Shimoda City
            • Rendaiji
    		Matsubara, S. (2002) The Mineral Species of Japan, 5th edition (Kobutsu Joho)
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
          • Bou Azer District (Bou Azzer District)
            • Khder
    		Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto Region (Oshikoto)
      • Tsumeb
    		Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Banská Bystrica Co.
        • Ľubietová
    		Sejkora, J. (1993): Zajímavé nálezy nerostu v České republice a na Slovesnku. Bull. mineral.-petrolog. Odd. Nár. Muz., 1, 108-113.
        • Poniky
    		Števko M., Sejkora J., Bačík P., 2011: Mineralogy and origin of supergene mineralization at the Farbište ore occurrence near Poniky, central Slovakia. Journal of Geosciences, 57, 3, 273-298.
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Huércal-Overa
          • Cuesta Alta
            • Cerro Minado Mines
    		VIÑALS, J., CALVO, M., and MARTÍ, J. (2004): Parnauita, paratacamita y otros minerales secundarios de Cerro Minado, Almería. Revista de Minerales, 2, 5, 47-49.(in Spanish). Versions simultaneously published in Catalan (Mineralogistes de Catalunya) and in English version (Mineral Up); VIÑALS, J., CALVO, M., and MARTÍ, J. (2004): Parnauita, paratacamita y otros minerales secundarios de Cerro Minado, Almería. Revista de Minerales, 2, 5, 47-49.(in Spanish). Versions simultaneously published in Catalan (Mineralogistes de Catalunya) and in English version (Mineral Up)
        • Níjar
          • Rodalquilar
    		S.Rust collection
    • Valencian Community
      • Castellón
    		Mineralogía de la concesión San Rafael, Villahermosa del Río, Castellón, España
          • San Rafael claim
    		- Cócera, H., Menor-Salván, C. and Muñoz-Alvarado, R. (2010): Mineralogía de la concesión San Rafael, Villahermosa del Río, Castellón, España. Acopios, 1, 1-51. [http://mti-acopios.blogspot.com/ ; http://issuu.com/malacate/docs/acopios-1-1?mode=a_p]
    Switzerland
     
    • Glarus
      • Murg Valley
    		No reference listed
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Grimentz
    		Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer)
      • Sion (Sitten)
        • Granges
    		Le Règne Minéral, 44, p15-21
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Camborne - Redruth - St Day District
          • Camborne
            • Pendarves United Mines
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
          • Carharrack
            • West Clifford United Mines
    		[Ian Bruce collected material, XRD confirmed Manchester Museum]; Bruce, I, & D. Aubrey-Jones (1998) UKJMM 19:18-23
          • Gwennap
            • St Day United Mines (Poldice Mines)
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
    [Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
        • Liskeard District
          • Linkinhorne
            • Upton Cross
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
        • Mount's Bay District
          • St Hilary
    		No reference listed
    [Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
        • St Austell District
          • Lanivet
            • Mulberry Downs
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
    		Journal of The Russell Society, Volume 9, 2006
      • Leicestershire
        • Stanton under Bardon
    		UKJMM 26:31-42
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Trefeirig
          • Goginan
    		Rust S.A. & Mason, J.S.(1994): An unusual occurrence of arsenate minerals at Gwaith-yr-Afon mine, Dyfed, Walws. J.of the Russell Society, 5(2),109-113.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Coconino Co.
        • Grandview District
          • Grand Canyon National Park
            • Horseshoe Mesa
              • Cape Royal
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 322.
    • Colorado
      • Hinsdale Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997)
    • Nevada
      • Esmeralda Co.
        • Weepah District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Antelope District
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 63, pages 704-708, 1978
    Jensen, M. (1993): Update on the mineralogy of the Majuba Hill mine, Pershing County. Mineralogical Record. 24, 171-180.
      • Washoe Co.
        • Pyramid District
    		Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999
    • Utah
      • Juab Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • Tintic District
    		Collected by Brent Thorne
    collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne.
      • Tooele Co.
        • Deep Creek Mts
          • Gold Hill District (Clifton District)
            • Gold Hill
              • Gold Hill Mine (Western Utah Mine)
    		Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22
    Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22
    • Washington
      • Snohomish Co.
        • Monte Cristo District
          • Monte Cristo
    		www.cannonmicroprobe.com/Mineral_Specimens.htm
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