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Parwelite

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Big Photo

Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
© Knut Eldjarn




Formula:
Mn
 
10
Sb
 
2
As
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
24
System:MonoclinicColour:Yellow-brown
Hardness:5½
Name:In honour of Dr. Alexander Parwel, Swedish chemist, Swedish National History Museum, Stockholm, Sweden, who has performed many analyses of Långban minerals, including this one.
This page provides mineralogical data about Parwelite.

Classification of Parwelite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/B.05-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.BD.15

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4= 2:1
Dana 8th edition ID:44.3.3.1

44 : ANTIMONATES
3 : Miscellaneous
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.7.18

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
7 : Silicates with vanadate, arsenate or antimonate
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Type Occurrence of Parwelite

Type Locality:Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
Year of Discovery:1967

Physical Properties of Parwelite

Lustre:Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Yellow-brown
Hardness (Mohs):5½

Crystallography of Parwelite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 10.04Å, b = 19.41Å, c = 9.73Å
β = 95.83°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.517 : 1 : 0.501
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,886.34 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Optical Data of Parwelite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.850 nβ = 1.850 nγ = 1.880
2V:Measured: 27°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.030

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v strong

Chemical Properties of Parwelite

Formula:
Mn
 
10
Sb
 
2
As
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
24
Essential elements:As, Mn, O, Sb, Si
All elements listed in formula:As, Mn, O, Sb, Si
Common Impurities:Fe,Pb,Ca

Relationship of Parwelite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.BD.05Cornwallite
Cu
 
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
8.BD.05Pseudomalachite
Cu
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
8.BD.05Reichenbachite
Cu
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
8.BD.10Arsenoclasite
Mn
2+
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
8.BD.10Gatehouseite
Mn
2+
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
8.BD.20Reppiaite
Mn
2+
5
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
8.BD.25Ludjibaite
Cu
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
8.BD.30Cornubite
Cu
 
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
17.7.1Suzukiite
BaVSi
 
2
O
 
7
17.7.2Franciscanite
Mn
2+
6
(V
5+
 
,☐)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
17.7.3Kurumsakite
(Zn,Ni,Cu)
 
8
Al
 
8
V
5+
2
Si
 
5
O
 
35
 · 27H
 
2
O (?)
17.7.4Ardennite-(As)
Mn
2+
4
(Al,Mg)
 
6
(Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
,VO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
17.7.5Medaite
(Mn,Ca)
 
6
(V,As)Si
 
5
O
 
18
OH
17.7.6Johninnesite
Na
 
2
Mn
2+
9
Mg
 
7
(OH)
 
8
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
[Si
 
6
O
 
17
]
 
2
17.7.7Tiragalloite
Mn
2+
4
(HAsSi
 
3
O
 
13
)
17.7.8Dixenite
CuMn
2+
14
Fe
2+
 
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(As
5+
 
O
 
4
)(As
3+
 
O
 
3
)
 
5
(OH)
 
6
17.7.9Asbecasite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Sn
4+
 
)Be
 
2
(AsO
 
3
)
 
6
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
17.7.10Mcgovernite
Mn
 
19
Zn
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
(AsO
 
3
)(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
21
17.7.11Kraisslite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
24
Zn
 
4
(SiO
 
4
)
 
8
(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
12
17.7.12Schallerite
(Mn,Fe)
 
16
Si
 
12
As
 
3
O
 
36
(OH)
 
17
17.7.13Nelenite
(Mn,Fe)
 
16
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
)(OH)
 
14
[As
3+
3
O
 
6
(OH)
 
3
]
17.7.14Kolicite
Mn
2+
7
Zn
 
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
8
17.7.15Yeatmanite
Zn
 
6
Mn
2+
9
Sb
5+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
12
17.7.16Welshite
Ca
 
4
Mg
 
9
Sb
 
3
O
 
4
[Si
 
6
Be
 
3
AlFe
 
2
O
 
36
]
17.7.17Katoptrite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
13
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Sb
5+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
20
17.7.19Långbanite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
4
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
9
Sb
5+
 
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
16
17.7.20Chapmanite
Fe
3+
2
Sb
3+
 
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
17.7.21Cervandonite-(Ce)
(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ti,Al)
 
3
O
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(As
3+
 
O
 
3
)(OH)

Other Names for Parwelite

Synonyms:
IMA1966-023
Other Languages:
German:Parwelit
Russian:Парвелит
Spanish:Parwelita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Parwelite

Reference List:

- +
American Mineralogist (1970): 55: 323.

Inorganic Chemistry: 16: 1839-1847.

Bevan, D.J.M. & R.L.Martin, The role of the coordination defect: A new structural description of four fluorite-related sesquioxide minerals, bixbyite, braunite, braunite II, parwelite, and their structural relationships. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 181,2250-2259(2008)

Internet Links for Parwelite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Parwelite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Parwelite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Sweden
     
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Arkiv Min.Geol.(1969) 4, 467-472; Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
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