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Pavonite

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Big Photo

Clara Mine, Rankach valley, Oberwolfach, Wolfach, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Pavonite Photos (4)



Formula:
(Ag,Cu)(Bi,Pb)
 
3
S
 
5
System:MonoclinicColour:Steel-gray to tin white
Hardness:2
Name:The name honours the memory of Martin Alfred Peacock (1898-1950), Canadian mineralogist and crystallographer, Professor of Mineralogy (1937-1950), University of Toronto, for his many contributions to the study of mineral sulfosalts, culminating in the posthumously published Atlas of X-Ray data for the ore minerals. Peacock was an eminent morphological crystallographer and a pioneer in X-ray mineralogy in Canada. The name is for Latin pavo (= peacock).


Pavonite Series.

Classification of Pavonite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/E.09-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.JA.05a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
A : Galena derivatives with little or no Pb
Dana 8th edition ID:3.8.10.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
8 : 1 < ø < 2
Hey's CIM Ref.:5.2.19

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
2 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Ag
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Type Occurrence of Pavonite

Type Locality:Bolivar Mine, Cerro Bonete, Sud Lípez Province, Potosí Department, Bolivia
Year of Discovery:1953

Occurrences of Pavonite

Geological Setting:Hydrothermal veins

Physical Properties of Pavonite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Steel-gray to tin white
Hardness (Mohs):2
Hardness (Vickers):VHN50=188 kg/mm2
Cleavage:Poor/Indistinct
Density (measured):6.8 g/cm3
Density (calculated):6.80 g/cm3
Comment:Synthetic

Crystallography of Pavonite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/m {B1 1 2/m} {C2/m} {C1 2/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 13.35Å, b = 4.03Å, c = 16.34Å
β = 94.5°
Ratio:a:b:c = 3.313 : 1 : 4.055
Unit Cell Volume:V 876.39 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Tiny bladed crystals, massive.

Optical Data of Pavonite

Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:Strong, in pale to intense blue and light tan to brown
Colour in reflected light:White
Pleochroism:Strong
Comments:Gray-pink-white and blue-gray-white in oil

Chemical Properties of Pavonite

Formula:
(Ag,Cu)(Bi,Pb)
 
3
S
 
5
Essential elements:Ag, Bi, S
All elements listed in formula:Ag, Bi, Cu, Pb, S

Relationship of Pavonite to other Species

Structurally related to group(s):
Pavonite Series
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
2.JA.05eBenjaminite
(Ag,Cu)
 
3
(Bi,Pb)
 
7
S
 
12
2.JA.05gBorodaevite
Ag
 
5
(Bi,Pb,Fe)
 
8
(Sb,Bi)
 
2
S
 
17
2.JA.05aCupropavonite
AgCu
 
2
PbBi
 
5
S
 
10
2.JA.05aKitaibelite
Ag
 
10
PbBi
 
30
S
 
51
2.JA.05iLivingstonite
HgSb
 
4
S
 
8
2.JA.05dMakovickyite
Ag
 
1.5
Bi
 
5.5
S
 
9
2.JA.05fMummeite
(Cu,Ag)
 
3-4
(Bi,Pb)
 
7-8
S
 
13
2.JA.05bGrumiplucite
HgBi
 
2
S
 
4
2.JA.05hMozgovaite
PbBi
 
4
(S,Se)
 
7
2.JA.05dCupromakovickyite
Cu
 
8
Pb
 
4
Ag
 
2
Bi
 
18
S
 
36
2.JA.05cKudriavite
(Cd,Pb)Bi
 
2
S
 
4
2.JA.05aCupromakopavonite
Ag
 
3
Cu
 
8
Pb
 
4
Bi
 
19
S
 
38
2.JA.05Dantopaite
Cu
 
1.06
Ag
 
4.24
Pb
 
0.9
Bi
 
12.23
S
 
21.89
Te
 
0.11
2.JA.10aCuprobismutite
Cu
 
8
AgBi
 
12
S
 
24
2.JA.10cHodrušite
Cu
 
8
Bi
 
12
S
 
22
2.JA.10ePadĕraite
Cu
 
5.9
Ag
 
1.3
Pb
 
1.6
Bi
 
11.2
S
 
22
2.JA.10dPizgrischite
Cu
 
17
Bi
 
17
S
 
35
2.JA.10bKupčíkite
(Cu,Fe)
 
4
Bi
 
5
S
 
10
2.JA.15Schapbachite
AgBiS
 
2
2.JA.15Cuboargyrite
AgSbS
 
2
2.JA.20Bohdanowiczite
AgBiSe
 
2
2.JA.20Matildite
AgBiS
 
2
2.JA.20Volynskite
AgBiTe
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
5.2.1Smithite
AgAsS
 
2
5.2.2Trechmannite
AgAsS
 
2
5.2.3Proustite
Ag
 
3
AsS
 
3
5.2.4Xanthoconite
Ag
 
3
AsS
 
3
5.2.5Pearceite
[(Ag,Cu)
 
6
(As,Sb)
 
2
S
 
7
][Ag
 
9
CuS
 
4
]
5.2.6Pearceite-T2ac
5.2.7Argentotennantite
(Ag,Cu)
 
10
(Zn,Fe)
 
2
(As,Sb)
 
4
S
 
13
5.2.8Miargyrite
AgSbS
 
2
5.2.9Pyrargyrite
Ag
 
3
SbS
 
3
5.2.10Pyrostilpnite
Ag
 
3
SbS
 
3
5.2.11Stephanite
Ag
 
5
SbS
 
4
5.2.12Polybasite
[(Ag,Cu)
 
6
(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
7
][Ag
 
9
CuS
 
4
]
5.2.13Billingsleyite
Ag
 
7
AsS
 
6
5.2.14Polybasite-Tac
5.2.15Freibergite
(Ag
 
4+2x
Cu
 
2-2x
)[(Cu, Ag)
 
4
(Fe, Zn)
 
2
]Sb
 
4
S
 
12
S
 
1-x
 (0 < x < 1)
5.2.16Aramayoite
Ag(Sb,Bi)S
 
2
5.2.17Matildite
AgBiS
 
2
5.2.18Schapbachite
AgBiS
 
2
5.2.20Arcubisite
Ag
 
6
CuBiS
 
4
5.2.21Bohdanowiczite
AgBiSe
 
2
5.2.22Selenostephanite
Ag
 
5
Sb(Se,S)
 
4
5.2.23Benleonardite
Ag
 
8
(Sb,As)Te
 
2
S
 
3
5.2.24Volynskite
AgBiTe
 
2

Other Names for Pavonite

Other Languages:
German:Pavonit
Russian:Павонит
Simplified Chinese:块硫铋银矿
Spanish:Pavonita
Varieties:
Kitaibelite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Pavonite

Reference List:

- +
NUFFIELD, E.W. (1954): Studies of the mineral sulpho-salts: XVIII - Pavonite, a new mineral. American Mineralogist 39, 409-415.

HARRIS, D.C. & CHEN, T.T. (1975) Studies of type pavonite material. Canadian Mineralogist 13, 408-410.

Canadian Mineralogist (1977): 15: 339-348.

Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie (1979): 102: 351-367.

Chang, L. L. Y.; Wu, D.; Knowles, C. R. (1988): Phase relations in the system Ag2S-Cu2S-PbS-Bi2S3. Economic Geology 83, 405-418.

Internet Links for Pavonite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Pavonite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Pavonite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Jujuy
      • Rinconada Department
    		DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372.
    Amer.Min.(2000) 85, 1066-1075
    • Tierra del Fuego
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Goldberg group
          • Zirknitz
            • Kleine Zirknitz valley
              • Kluidscharte
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Gastein valley
    		Makovicky, E., Paar, W.H., Putz, H., Zagler, G. (2010): Dantopaite, Ag5Bi13S22, the 6P natural member of the pavonite homologous series, from Erzwies, Austria. Canadian Mineralogist, 48, 467-481.
      • Lungau
        • Murwinkel
          • Rotgülden
            • Lower Rotgülden lake
    		[Lapis 1993:5 p.13-28]
    Chris Auer collection (analysed by Hubert Putz)
    Bolivia
     
    • Oruro Department
      • Cercado Province
        • Oruro City
    		Keutsch, F. & Brodtkorb, M. (2007) Metalliferous parageneses of the San Jose mine. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 26, 485-491.
      • Poopó Province
        • Pazña
          • Monserrat-Antequera district
    		[MinRec 32:461]
    • Potosí Department
      • Sud Lípez Province
        • Cerro Bonete
    		NUFFIELD, E.W. (1954): Studies of the mineral sulpho-salts: XVIII - Pavonite, a new mineral. American Mineralogist 39, 409-415. HARRIS, D.C. & CHEN, T.T. (1975) Studies of type pavonite material. Canadian Mineralogist 13, 408-410.
    USGS Bulletin # 1975, p. 252.
        • Cerro Morokho (Cerro Moruco)
    		USGS Bulletin # 1975, p. 251.
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Doce valley
    		MinRec 33:352
    Canada
     
    • Northwest Territories
      • Camsell River area
    		D. C. Harris (1973) Mineralogical Investigation of a copper-silver-bismuth ore from Terra Mining and Exploration Limited, Camsell River Area. Mines Branch Investigations Report IR73-27
    • Ontario
      • Timiskaming District
        • Cobalt-Gowganda region
          • Cobalt area
            • Coleman Township
    		the Canadian Mineralogist V 11 Part 1 1971
          • South Lorrain Township
    		Handbook of Mineralogy; Petruk (1971): The Silver-Arsenide Deposits of the Cobalt-Gowganda Region, Ontario. Can. Mineral. 11, 196-231
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Tongling Prefecture
        • Shizishan ore field
    		Huan Hu, Rucheng Wang, Jianjun Lu, and Guanghua Liu (2001): Mineral Deposits 20(1), 86-98; Yunsheng Ren, Liandeng Liu, Jiwu Zhang, and Guohua Chen (2005): Gold 26(5), 9-12
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Hechi Prefecture
        • Nandan Co.
          • Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore field
    		Xilin Li (1990): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 9(4), 378-384; Weining Zhou (1994): Mineral Resources and Geology 8(4), 233-244; Yingchen Ren (1999): Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research 14(1), 1-12, 38
      • Hezhou Prefecture
        • Zhongshan Co.
          • Shanhu W-Sn ore field (Shanhu Mine)
    		Anthony, J.W. et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy; Yunying Shu and Peiling Zhou (1990): Journal of Guilin University of Technology 10(2)
    • Hunan Province
      • Chenzhou Prefecture
        • Guiyang Co.
    		Weining Zhou (1994): Mineral Resources and Geology 8(4), 233-244
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Ulanhad League (Chifeng Prefecture)
        • Hexigten Banner (Keshiketeng Co.)
          • Muxiga
    		Danyang Liu (1991): North China Nonferrous Metals Geology 1991(2), 17-22
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Fuzhou Prefecture
        • Dongxiang Co.
    		Xia Ai and Zengyi Chen (1993): Geology and Prospecting 29(4), 25-29
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Yudu Co.
    		Weining Zhou (1994): Mineral Resources and Geology 8(4), 233-244
    • Sichuan Province
      • Garzê (Ganzi) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Baiyu Co.
    		Xiaoming Qu, Zengqian Hou, and Shugui Zhou (2001): Acta Geoscientia Sinica 23(1), 29-34
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch)
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    Georgia
     
    • Kvemo Kartli Region
      • Bolnisi District
    		 Ramaz Migineishvili (2005) Hybrid nature of the Madneuli Cu-Au deposit, Georgia. IGCP Project 486, 2005 Field Workshop, Kiten, Bulgaria, 14-19 September 2005
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German); Gröbner, J., Kolitsch, U. und Bayerl, R. (2005): Interessante Uranmineralien im Stinkspat der Grube Clara. Lapis 30 (10), 34-39; 90; Gröbner, J., Bayerl, R. und Kolitsch, U. (2006): Weitere Beobachtungen zu den Uran- und Vanadium-Paragenesen der Grube Clara aus den Jahren 2002, 2004 und 2005. Erzgräber 20, 1-10
    • Bavaria
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    Hungary
     
    • Pest Co.
      • Börzsöny Mts.
    		[var: Kitaibelite] No reference listed
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido
      • Shiribeshi Province
    		Shuji Ono, et al. (2004) Resource Geology, 54, 4, 453-464.
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Takahashi City
    		Matsueda, H. (1981) Journal of the Mining College, Akita University, Ser. A, Mining Geology, 6, #1, 1-43.
      • Kinki Region
        • Hyogo Prefecture
          • Asago City
            • Ikuno-cho-ono
    		No reference listed
    Peru
     
    • Huancavelica Department
      • Angaraes Province
    		Min.Rec. 28, no.4 (1997)
    B. Duval, Y. Moëlo and P. Picot, Bull. Minéral. , 1986, 109, pp. 649-655.
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Rudawy Janowickie Mts
        • Czarnów
          • Rędziny
    		Gołębiowska B., Pieczka A., Parafiniuk J. 2006: Cu(Ag)-Pb-Bi(Sb) sulphosalts from Rędziny (Western Sudetes, Poland). Mineralogia Polonica - Special Papers, vol. 28, 78-80
    Portugal
     
    • Castelo Branco District
      • Covilhã
        • Panasqueira
          • Couto Mineiro da Panasqueira
    		D. Wimmers (1985) Silver Minerals of Panasqueira, Portugal: A New Occurrence of Te-Bearing Canfieldite. Mineralogical Magazine 49:745-748.
        • São Francisco de Assis
    • Vila Real District
      • Sabrosa
        • S. Lourenço de Riba Pinhão and Souto Maior
    		Gaspar, O., Bowles, F.W., 1985; Mineralizações e Recuros em W/Sn...
    Romania
     
    • Maramureș Co.
      • Băiuț
    		Mitt. .Österr. Miner. Ges. 143 (1998)
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Indigirka River Basin
          • Ust'-Nera
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 79, pages 763-767, 1994
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Altai Republic (Gorno-Altayskaya Autonomous Oblast')
    		Potseluev, A.A., Babkin, D.I., and Kotegov, V.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 384-401.
    Slovakia
     
    • Žilina Region
      • Liptovský Mikuláš Co.
    		Ozdín D., Pršek J., Chovan M., 2004: Sulfosoli na kremenných žilách s Fe-karbonátmi z Nízkych Tatier. Natura Carpatica, XLV, 235 - 236
    Sweden
     
    • Södermanland
      • Nyköping
    		MinMag (1992) 56, 113-115; NJMAh (1994) 166 (3), 261-294
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Southeast Fairbanks Borough
        • Fortymile District
    		USGS PP 1760A
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
        • Darwin District
          • Darwin
    		Mineral News: 16 (9): 1; Gail E. Dunning, Yves MoÎlo, and Joseph F. Cooper, Jr. (2000) Ag-Cu-Pb-Bi Sulfosalts New to Darwin, Inyo County, California; Cooper; Fen and Dunning, Gail (2003) : Occasional Publication of the Bay Area Mineralogists, February, 2003.
    Dunning, G.E., Moelo, Yves, Roberts, A.c., & Cooper, J. F (2000)., Ag-Cu-Pb-Bi Sulfosalts New To Darwin, Inyo County, California. Occasional Web Publication of the Bay Area Mineralogists, 2000
    • Colorado
      • Clear Creek Co.
        • Alice District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Ouray Co.
        • Ouray District (Uncompahgre District)
          • Ouray
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
      • Park Co.
        • Montezuma District
          • Hall Valley
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • San Juan Co.
        • Poughkeepsie Gulch
          • Alaska Basin
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
        • Red Mountain District
          • Poughkeepsie Gulch
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    Dana 7:I:393.
      • San Miguel Co.
        • Ophir District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Summit Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
        • Montezuma District (Snake River District)
          • Warden Gulch
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • Nevada
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Bristol and Jackrabbit Districts
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Round Mountain District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Uzbekistan
     
    • Kyzylkum Desert
      • Central Kyzylkum Region
        • Zarafshan
          • Muruntau ore field
    		Koneev, R.I., Turesebekov, A.H., Ignatikov, E.N., Vasilevsky, B.B., and Rakhimov, R.R. (2005), In: Jingwen Mao and Bierlein, F.P. (Eds.): Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, Vol. 1, 1403-1406
    Mineral and/or Locality
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