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Arcanite

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Northern Breakthrough (North Breach), Great Fissure (Main Fracture) eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
© Sergey Vasiliev

Show Arcanite Photos (6)



Formula:
K
 
2
SO
 
4
System:OrthorhombicColour:Colourless, white
Hardness:2
Name:From the Latin "arcanum duplicatum," for double secret, a medieval alchemical name.


Arcanite-Mascagnite Series

This species was described and named based on artificial material and the type occurrence, which is anthropogenic (pine rail tie in a mine). It has since been identified in nature.

Classification of Arcanite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/A.07-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.AD.05

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
A : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
Dana 8th edition ID:28.2.1.2

28 : ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
2 : A2XO4
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.1.4

25 : Sulphates
1 : Sulphates of the alkali metals and ammonium
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Type Occurrence of Arcanite

Type Locality:Santa Ana Mine, Trabuco Canyon, Trabuco Canyon [town], Santa Ana Mts, Orange Co., California, USA
General Appearance of Type Material:Thin tablets in wood.
Year of Discovery:1845
Geological Setting of type material:Not applicable.

Physical Properties of Arcanite

Colour:Colourless, white
Hardness (Mohs):2
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
On {010} and {001}.
Density (measured):2.663 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.7 g/cm3

Crystallography of Arcanite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 5.77Å, b = 10.07Å, c = 7.48Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.573 : 1 : 0.743
Unit Cell Volume:V 434.62 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Thin tablets comprised of sixling cyclic twins bounded by {001}, {011}, and {112} (Santa Ana Mine). Artificial crystals frequently twinned.
Twinning:On {110}, cyclic at times; pseudo-hexagonal groupings.

Optical Data of Arcanite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.494 nβ = 1.495 nγ = 1.497
2V:Measured: 67° , Calculated: 70°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.004

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r > v strong

Chemical Properties of Arcanite

Formula:
K
 
2
SO
 
4
Essential elements:K, O, S
All elements listed in formula:K, O, S

Relationship of Arcanite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Mascagnite (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.AD.05Mascagnite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
SO
 
4
7.AD.10Mercallite
KHSO
 
4
7.AD.15Misenite
K
 
8
H
 
6
(SO
 
4
)
 
7
7.AD.20Letovicite
(NH
 
4
)
 
3
H(SO
 
4
)
 
2
7.AD.25Glauberite
Na
 
2
Ca(SO
 
4
)
 
2
7.AD.30Anhydrite
CaSO
 
4
7.AD.35Anglesite
PbSO
 
4
7.AD.35Baryte
BaSO
 
4
7.AD.35Celestine
SrSO
 
4
7.AD.35Olsacherite
Pb
 
2
(SeO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)
7.AD.40Kalistrontite
K
 
2
Sr(SO
 
4
)
 
2
7.AD.40Palmierite
(K,Na)
 
2
Pb(SO
 
4
)
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.1.1Thenardite
Na
 
2
SO
 
4
25.1.2Matteuccite
NaHSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
25.1.3Mirabilite
Na
 
2
SO
 
4
 · 10H
 
2
O
25.1.5Mercallite
KHSO
 
4
25.1.6Misenite
K
 
8
H
 
6
(SO
 
4
)
 
7
25.1.7Aphthitalite
(K,Na)
 
3
Na(SO
 
4
)
 
2
25.1.8Mascagnite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
SO
 
4
25.1.9Letovicite
(NH
 
4
)
 
3
H(SO
 
4
)
 
2
25.1.10Ammonioalunite
(NH
 
4
)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6

Other Names for Arcanite

Synonyms:
ArkaniteSulfate of Potash
Other Languages:
French:Potasse sulfatée
German:Arcanit
Arkanit
Kalisulphat
Schwefelsaures Kali
Russian:Арканит
Spanish:Arcanita
Arkanita
Varieties:
Taylorite (of Dana)

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Arcanite

Reference List:

- +
Haidinger, Wm. (1845) Handbuch der bestimmenden Mineralogie. Vienna: 492.

Tutton (1895) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 24: 5.

Eakle (1908) Bulletin of the Department of Geology, University of California: 5: 232.

Ogg (1928) Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 5: 354.

Frondel, C. (1950) American Mineralogist: 35: 596.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 399-400.

Acta Crystallographica: B28: 2845-2852.

Canadian Mineralogist (1985): 23: 259.

Internet Links for Arcanite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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  • Arcanite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Arcanite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Chile
     
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Iquique Province
        • Iquique
          • Puerta Patillos
    		http://forum.amiminerals.org/viewtopic.php?t=3756&highlight=patache
    France
     
    • Nord-Pas-de-Calais
      • Pas-de-Calais
    		Naze-Nancy Masalehdani, M., Mees, F., Dubois, M., Coquinot, Y., Potdevin, J.-L., Fialin, M. & Blanc-Valleron, M.-M. (2009): Condensate minerals from a burning coal-waste heap in Avion, Northern France. Can. Mineral. 47, 573-591.
    Iran
     
    • Hormozgan Province
    		Talbot, C., Farhadi, R., and Aftabi, P. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 352-366.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido
      • Iburi Province
    The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
    Mexico
     
    • Jalisco
      • Colima volcanic complex
    		Ostrooumov, M., Arellano-Jimenez, M., Ponce, A., Taran, Y., Reyes-Gasga, J. (2008): La colimaíta, K3VS4, un nuevo mineral del volcán Colima (México). Boletín de Mineralogía, 18(1), 7-8
    Namibia
     
    • Khomas Region
      • Windhoek District
    		Martini, J.E.J. (1992) Swaknoite [Ca(NH4)2·(HPO4)2·H2O, orthorhombic]: A new mineral from Arnhem cave, Namibia. Bulletin of the South African Speleological Association: 32: 72-74.
    Peru
     
    [var: Taylorite (of Dana)] Taylor (1859) Proceedings of the Academy of Science, Philadelphia: 309 (as Glascerite); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 400.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Aldan Shield
          • Aldan
            • Inagli Massif
    		Naumov, VB and Kamenetsky, VS and Thomas, R and Kononkova, NN and Ryzhenko, BN (2008): Inclusions of silicate and sulfate melts in chrome diopside from the Inagli deposit, Yakutia, Russia. Geochemistry International, 46, 554-564. [http://eprints.utas.edu.au/7673/1/GeochemInt2008-Inagli.pdf]
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Kamchatka Oblast'
    		Diederik Visser List #39, July 2006
          • Great Fissure (Main Fracture) eruption
            • Northern Breakthrough (North Breach)
    		Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, Elena Yu. Bykova material
    Saudi Arabia
     
    • Mintaqah Makkah
    		Saudi Geological Survey Open-File Report SGS-OF-2004-12, 68 p.
    USA
     
    • California
      • Orange Co.
        • Santa Ana Mts
          • Trabuco Canyon [town]
            • Trabuco Canyon
    		Eakle (1908) Bull. Dept. of Geology, Univ. of California: 5: 232. Frondel, C. (1950) Amer. Min.: 35: 596. Palache et al (1951) Dana's Sys. Min., 7th. ed.: 400.
      • Riverside Co.
        • Vivet Eye
    		Ingalls, Walter Renton, ed. (1908) The Mineral Industry, Its Statistics, Technology and Trade during 1907, Vol. XVI, Hill Publishing Co., New York & London: 833.
    • New Mexico
      • Eddy and Lea Counties
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
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