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Pharmacolite

Big Photo

Gabe Gottes Mine (incl. Giftgrube), Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch), Haut-Rhin, Alsace, France
© Peter Haas

Show Pharmacolite Photos (9)
Formula:
CaHAsO
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:White or colourless, ...
Lustre:Vitreous, PearlyHardness:2 - 2½
Name:From the Greek φάρμăκου for "poison" in allusion to its composition, containing arsenic.
This page provides mineralogical data about Pharmacolite.

Classification of Pharmacolite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/C.25-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.CJ.50

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
J : With only large cations
Dana 8th edition ID:39.1.1.2

39 : HYDRATED ACID PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
1 : A[HXO4]·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:20.2.8

20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
2 : Arsenates of Be, Mg, Ca or Ba
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Type Occurrence of Pharmacolite

Type Locality:Sophia Mine, Böckelsbach valley, Wittichen, Schenkenzell, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Year of Discovery:1800
Associated Minerals at type locality:
WappleriteHaidingerite

Occurrences of Pharmacolite

Geological Setting:Oxidized zones of arsenical ore deposits.

Physical Properties of Pharmacolite

Lustre:Vitreous, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Comment:Lustre pearly on cleavage.
Colour:White or colourless, grayish; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):2 - 2½
Cleavage:Perfect
On {010}, perfect.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):2.53 - 2.73 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.703 g/cm3
Comment:2.710 ± 0.010 (artificial material)

Crystallography of Pharmacolite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 5.95Å, b = 15.31Å, c = 6.35Å
β = 114.67°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.389 : 1 : 0.415
Unit Cell Volume:V 525.65 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals tiny, rare, flattened on {010} or needle-like [001]. Silky fibrous; acicular clusters; botryoidal and stalactitic.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Pharmacolite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.583 nβ = 1.589 nγ = 1.594
2V:Measured: 77° , Calculated: 84°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.011

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:none

Chemical Properties of Pharmacolite

Formula:
CaHAsO
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
Essential elements:As, Ca, H, O
All elements listed in formula:As, Ca, H, O

Relationship of Pharmacolite to other Species

Common Associates:
Haidingerite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.CJ.05Stercorite
NaNH
 
4
HPO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
8.CJ.10Mundrabillaite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Ca(HPO
 
4
)
 
2
·H
 
2
O
8.CJ.10Swaknoite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Ca[HPO
 
4
]
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
8.CJ.15Nabaphite
NaBaPO
 
4
·9H
 
2
O
8.CJ.15Nastrophite
Na(Sr,Ba)PO
 
4
·9H
 
2
O
8.CJ.20Haidingerite
Ca[HAsO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
8.CJ.25Vladimirite
Ca
 
5
[(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 5H
 
2
O
8.CJ.30Ferrarisite
Ca
 
5
[(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 9H
 
2
O
8.CJ.35Machatschkiite
(Ca,Na)
 
6
AsO
 
4
(AsO
 
3
OH)
 
3
(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)·15H
 
2
O
8.CJ.40Phaunouxite
Ca
 
3
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 11H
 
2
O
8.CJ.40Rauenthalite
Ca
 
3
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O
8.CJ.45Brockite
(Ca,Th,Ce)(PO
 
4
)·H
 
2
O
8.CJ.45Grayite
(Th,Pb,Ca)PO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
8.CJ.45Rhabdophane-(Ce)
(Ce,La)PO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
8.CJ.45Rhabdophane-(La)
(La,Ce)PO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
8.CJ.45Rhabdophane-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce,La)PO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
8.CJ.45Tristramite
(Ca,U,Fe)(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)·2H
 
2
O
8.CJ.45UM1997-20-AsO:HU
U
4+
 
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
8.CJ.45Smirnovskite
ThCa[PO
 
4
]
 
2
 ·nH
 
2
O
8.CJ.50Ardealite
Ca
 
2
[HPO
 
4
|SO
 
4
] · 4H
 
2
O
8.CJ.50Brushite
CaHPO
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
8.CJ.50Churchite-(Y)
YPO
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
8.CJ.50Churchite-(Nd)
NdPO
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
8.CJ.55Mcnearite
NaCa
 
5
[(HAsO
 
4
)
 
4
|AsO
 
4
] · 4H
 
2
O
8.CJ.60Dorfmanite
Na
 
2
(PO
 
3
OH)·2H
 
2
O
8.CJ.65Sincosite
CaV
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
·5H
 
2
O
8.CJ.65Bariosincosite
Ba(V
4+
 
O)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
8.CJ.70Catalanoite
Na
 
2
[HPO
 
4
] · 8H
 
2
O
8.CJ.75Guérinite
Ca
 
5
[(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 9H
 
2
O
8.CJ.85Ningyoite
CaU(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·1-2H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
20.2.1Bearsite
Be
 
2
[OH|AsO
 
4
] · 4H
 
2
O
20.2.2Brassite
MgHAsO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
20.2.3Rösslerite
MgHAsO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
20.2.4Hörnesite
Mg
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
·8H
 
2
O
20.2.5Weilite
CaHAsO
 
4
20.2.6Johnbaumite
Ca
 
5
[OH|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
]
20.2.7Haidingerite
Ca[HAsO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
20.2.9Sainfeldite
Ca
 
5
(AsO
 
3
OH)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
20.2.10Vladimirite
Ca
 
5
[(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 5H
 
2
O
20.2.11Guérinite
Ca
 
5
[(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 9H
 
2
O
20.2.12Ferrarisite
Ca
 
5
[(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 9H
 
2
O
20.2.13Rauenthalite
Ca
 
3
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O
20.2.14Phaunouxite
Ca
 
3
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 11H
 
2
O
20.2.15Mcnearite
NaCa
 
5
[(HAsO
 
4
)
 
4
|AsO
 
4
] · 4H
 
2
O
20.2.16Bergslagite
CaBe[OH|AsO
 
4
]
20.2.17Adelite
CaMg[AsO
 
4
](OH)
20.2.18Talmessite
Ca
 
2
Mg[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
20.2.19Irhtemite
Ca
 
4
Mg[(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
20.2.20Camgasite
CaMg[OH|AsO
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
20.2.21Picropharmacolite
Ca
 
4
Mg[(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 11H
 
2
O
20.2.22Bariopharmacosiderite
BaFe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
5
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 5H
 
2
O

Other Names for Pharmacolite

Other Languages:
German:Pharmakolith
Arsenicit
Arsenikbluethe
Arsenikblüte
Arseniksaurer Kalk
Parmakit
Pharmacolit
Italian:Farmacolite
Russian:Фармаколит
Spanish:Arsenicita

Other Information

Other Information:Flexible in thin lamellae. Readily soluble in acids; insoluble in water. Dehydrates rapidly at 60°.
Health Warning:This is a dangerous mineral whose name itself means poison. Contains arsenic. Handle minimally and carefully. Do not lick or taste, do not breathe dust, wash hands thoroughly after handling.

References for Pharmacolite

Reference List:Selb (1800) Allgemeines Journal der Chemie, Berlin 1798-1803 (Scherer’s Journal): 4: 537 (as Arseniksaurer Kalk).

Karsten, D.L.G. (1800) Mineralogische Tabellen, Berlin. First edition: 75 (as Pharmacolith).

Klaproth, M.H. (1802): Untersuchung des Pharmakoliths, Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, Dritter Band, Rottmann Berlin, 277-281

Beudant, F.S. (1832), Trailé élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 593 (as Arsenicite).

Des Cloizeaux (1888) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 11: 192.

Dufet (1888) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 11: 192.

Jannettaz (1888) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 11: 212.

Lacroix, A. (1910) Minéralogie de la France et des ses colonies, Paris. 5 volumes: vol. 4: 498.

Goldschmidt, V. (1920) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 6: 136.

Hintze, Carl (1931) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4]: 784.

Gossner (1937) Forschritte der Mineralogie, Kristallographie und Petrographie, Jena: 21: 34.

Guerin (1941) Annales de chimie, Paris: 16: 101.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 706-708.

Abbona F., Ferraris G. (1970) - Contributo alla conoscenza di minerali arsenicali; nota II: ricerche sulla disidratazione della weilite, della haidingerite e della pharmacolite. Periodico di mineralogia – Roma, pp. 183-204.

Acta Crystallographica: B29: 90-96.

Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie (1984): 87: 169.

Internet Links for Pharmacolite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Pharmacolite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Pharmacolite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Pharmacolite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Clive Co.
        • Clive
    		Ashley, P.M. & Lottermoser, B. G. (1999): Arsenic contamination at the Mole River mine, northern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 46, 861-874.
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Gastein valley
          • Siglitz - Bockhart area
            • Siglitz - Bockhart gold mining District
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
            • Alteck Mt. - Hoher Sonnblick Mt. area
              • Kolm-Saigurn
    		A. Strasser: Die MInerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Saalfelden
        • Leogang
          • Hütten
            • Schwarzleograben
    		E. Fugger: "Die Mineralien des Herzogthumes Salzburg", 11. Jahresber. d. k. k. Ober-Realschule in Salzburg (1878)
    • Styria
      • Schladming
        • Schladminger Tauern Mts
          • Obertalbach valley
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Belgium
     
    • Luxembourg Province
      • Stavelot Massif
        • Vielsalm
          • Grand Halleux
    		http://users.skynet.be/jose.dehove/photos/Hourt.htm
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Slocan Mining Division
        • Sandon
    		[MinRec 1996]
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
        • Great Bear Lake
    		[MinRec 1989]
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Kraslice (Graslitz)
    		Beran, P.: Mineralogie ložiska Cu (Ag, Au, Co) rud Tisová u Kraslic. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 65-77.
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Ostrov
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 707.
        • Mariánské Lázně (Marienbad)
    		http://www.mineralos.cz/lokality/plana/plana.htm
      • Ústí Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Klášterec nad Ohří
    		No reference listed
        • Teplice (Teplitz)
    		Řídkošil, T., Slavíček, P.: Mineralizace Rennerovy štoly nedaleko Mikulova v Krušných horách. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1985, roč. 30, č. 4, s. 433.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Javorník
    		Novák, F., Pauliš, P., Hykš, J., Bureš, B., Adam, M.: Guerinit a farmakolit z uranového ložiska Zálesí u Javorníka ve Slezsku. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2004, roč. 12, s. 140-142.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch)
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", 1997
        • Thur valley (Thann valley)
          • Kruth
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997; U. Kolitsch (1997): Neufunde von Mineralien aus einigen Vorkommen der Vogesen, Frankreich: Giromagny, Auxelles-Haut und Kruth 1. Aufschluss 48 (4), 243-256.
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Aude
        • Carcassonne
          • Mas-Cabardès
            • Salsigne
    		Pelison P., Descouens D. (1987), Présence de minéraux de néoformation dans les scories de l'ancienne usine de Villagnère (Aude), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°2, pp: 6-10
      • Hérault
        • Lodève
    		[Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 1998, 2, p.13-26]
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
    		Cuchet S. (2000), Mystérieuse irhtémite à Lucéram, Alpes-Maritimes, Le Règne Minéral, n°36, pp: 38-42
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Alpirsbach
    		No reference listed
    Erzgräber 1987(2), 54
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Böckelsbach valley
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 707; Bull. Min. (1964): 87: 169; American Mineralogist (1979): 64: 1248; Walenta (1992) "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich).
            • Burgfelsen
    		No reference listed
            • Heubach Valley
    		No reference listed
            • Zundelgraben
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Schiltach
          • Stammelbach valley
    		[Lapis 1992, 11, p.13-20]
        • Wieden
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Spessart Mts
          • Hösbach
            • Sailauf
              • Hartkoppe Mt.
    		see locality page
    • Hesse
      • North Hesse
        • Richelsdorf District
          • Süss
            • Richelsdorf Smelter
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1992
      • Odenwald
        • Bensheim
          • Roßbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Nieder-Ramstadt
          • Nieder-Beerbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Wald-Michelbach
          • Mackenheim
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Spessart Mts
        • Gelnhausen
          • Bieber
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 712.
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Goslar
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
        • St Andreasberg District
          • St Andreasberg
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 707.
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Siegerland
        • Betzdorf
          • Schutzbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Niederfischbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Saarland
      • Saarlouis
        • Düppenweiler
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
    		Lapis, 17 (12), 24-33.
        • Ehrenfriedersdorf
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Johanngeorgenstadt District
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Schneeberg District
    		Lapis 30(7/8):41-70 (2005)
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Langenberg
            • Graul
    		http://www.dergraul.de
          • Pöhla
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
      • Saalfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Thuringian Forest
        • Bad Salzungen
          • Schweina
    		No reference listed
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
    		No reference listed
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Malenco Valley
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Canavese District
          • Léssolo
            • Cálea
    		"Le miniere di Brosso" I.Campostrini 2001 - ed. Museo Regionale Torino
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Qostaney Oblysy (Kostanai [Kustany] Oblast')
    		[World of Stones 12:13]
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Mexico
     
    • Zacatecas
      • Mun. de Mazapil
        • Mazapil
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 954; Panczner (1987): 98-295.
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
          • Bou Azzer District
            • Aghbar
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. IV
            • Bou Azzer
    		Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
    Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
    Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
            • Ightem
    		Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
            • Méchoui
    		Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Wałbrzych District
    		Rob Lavinsky specimen
    Republic of Macedonia
     
    • Roszdan
    		[Rieck, B. (1993) - Famous mineral localities: Allchar, Macedonia, Mineralogical Record, 24 (6), 437-449]
    Romania
     
    • Maramures Co.
      • Baia Mare (Nagybánya)
    		U. Kolitsch (PXRD + EDS)
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Dobšiná (Dobschau) Mining District
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Spain
     
    • Asturias
      • Ortigueiro
    		Julio Alberto Cendon Martinez
    • Castile and Leon
      • León
        • Cármenes
    		José Rafael González López collection
    • Catalonia
      • Barcelona
        • Vallès Occidental
          • Sant Cugat del Vallès-El Papiol
    		Mineralogistes de Catalunya, 1994. VI(2/3): 34-77
      • Lleida (Lérida)
        • Pallars Sobirà
          • Baix Pallars
            • Peramea
      • Tarragona
        • Conca de Barberà
          • Vimbodí
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Ayer
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 205.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Threlkeld District
            • St John's in the Vale
    		BMS Database
    USA
     
    • California
      • Los Angeles Co.
        • San Gabriel Mts
          • Azuza
            • Morris Reservoir area
              • San Gabriel Canyon
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 707; Irelan, William, Jr. (1890a), Ninth annual report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 9, 352 pp.: 47; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 287.
    • Michigan
      • Keweenaw Co.
        • Mohawk
    		[Mineralogical Record - Vol 23 No. 2]
    • Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Antelope District
          • Gold Bar mine
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Potosi District
          • Adam Peak
            • Getchell Mine
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Manhattan District
          • Manhattan
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 707; Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication 31, Minerals of Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Antelope District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Dunn(1995):Pt5:676.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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