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Phosgenite

Big Photo

Menez-Plom (slag locality), Carnoët, Callac, Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany, France
© P L e Roc\'h

Show Phosgenite Photos (81)
Formula:
Pb
 
2
[Cl
 
2
|CO
 
3
]
System:TetragonalColour:Colourless, white, ...
Lustre:AdamantineHardness:2 - 3
Name:From phosgen, a name for carbonyl dichloride, COCl2, because the mineral contains carbon, oxygen, and chlorine.


Phosgenite is formed in the oxidation zone of lead ore deposits, especially where sea water is present.

Classification of Phosgenite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/C.09-10
Strunz 9th edition ID:5.BE.
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:5.BE.20

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
E : With Pb, Bi
Dana 8th edition ID:16a.3.4.1

16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)2(XO3)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:12.1.23

12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
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Occurrences of Phosgenite

Geological Setting:Surface conditions in lead-bearing ore bodies.

Physical Properties of Phosgenite

Lustre:Adamantine
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Colourless, white, yellow, brown, greenish or pink; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):2 - 3
Hardness Data:Measured
Comment:The hardness on {110} is less parallel to [001] than perpendicular to it.
Tenacity:Sectile
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Distincton {001} and {110}; less distinct on {010}
Fracture:Conchoidal
Translation gliding:Translation gliding with T{110}, t[001].
Comment:The crystals can easily be flexed about directions perpendicular to [001].
Density (measured):6.12 - 6.15 g/cm3
Density (calculated):6.124 g/cm3

Crystallography of Phosgenite

Crystal System:Tetragonal
Class (H-M):4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:P4/mbm (P4/m 21/b 2/m)
Cell Parameters:a = 8.16Å, c = 8.883(6) Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 1.089
Unit Cell Volume:V 591.48 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals short prismatic to prismatic [001]; thick tabular rare {001}. Normally terminated by large {001}, with {111} dominant at times. Massive, granular.
Crystal Atlas:
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Phosgenite no.7 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Phosgenite no.8 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Phosgenite no.12 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Phosgenite - {110}, {001}, modified

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Epitaxial Relationships of Phosgenite

Epitaxial Minerals:
Cerussite
Epitaxi Comments:Cerussite on phosgenite, with cerussite {100} [010] parallel to phosgenite {001}[120].
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Phosgenite

Type:Uniaxial (+)
RI values: nω = 2.118 nε = 2.145
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.027

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:Very weakly pleochroic with O - reddish and E - greenish in thick sections.
Comments:Weakly biaxial at times, noticeable after mechanical deformation.

Chemical Properties of Phosgenite

Formula:
Pb
 
2
[Cl
 
2
|CO
 
3
]
Essential elements:C, Cl, O, Pb
All elements listed in formula:C, Cl, O, Pb

Relationship of Phosgenite to other Species

Common Associates:
CerussiteAnglesite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
5.BE.05Shannonite
Pb
 
2
[O|CO
 
3
]
5.BE.10Hydrocerussite
Pb
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
5.BE.15Plumbonacrite
Pb
 
5
O(OH)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
5.BE.25Bismutite
(BiO)
 
2
CO
 
3
5.BE.30Kettnerite
(BiO)Ca[F|CO
 
3
]
5.BE.35Beyerite
(Ca,Pb)(BiO)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
12.1.1Northupite
Na
 
3
Mg(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Cl
12.1.2Barentsite
Na
 
7
AlH
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
 
4
12.1.3Rouvilleite
Na
 
3
(Ca,Mn,Fe)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
12.1.4Chlormagaluminite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|(Cl
 
2
,CO
 
3
)] · 2H
 
2
O
12.1.5Defernite
Ca
 
6
(CO
 
3
)
 
2-x
(SiO
 
4
)
 
x
(OH)
 
7
(Cl,OH)
 
1-2x
 (x=0.5)
12.1.6Brenkite
Ca
 
2
[F
 
2
|CO
 
3
]
12.1.7Stenonite
(Sr,Ba,Na)
 
2
AlCO
 
3
F
 
5
12.1.8Bastnäsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)[F|CO
 
3
]
12.1.9Bastnäsite-(La)
(La,Ce)[F|CO
 
3
]
12.1.10Bastnäsite-(Y)
(Y,Ce)[F|CO
 
3
]
12.1.11Parisite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
12.1.12Parisite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Ce,La)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
12.1.13Synchysite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
12.1.14Synchysite-(Y)
Ca(Y,Ce)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
12.1.15Synchysite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Y,Gd)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
12.1.16Röntgenite-(Ce)
Ca
 
2
(Ce,La)
 
3
[F
 
3
|(CO
 
3
)
 
5
]
12.1.17Cordylite-(Ce)
(Na,Ca)BaCe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
12.1.19Huanghoite-(Ce)
BaCe[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
12.1.20Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
12.1.21Cebaite-(Ce)
Ba
 
3
Ce
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
5
]
12.1.22Thorbastnäsite
Th(Ca,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
12.1.24Barstowite
Pb
 
4
[Cl
 
6
|CO
 
3
] · H
 
2
O
12.1.25Albrechtschraufite
Ca
 
4
Mg(UO
 
2
)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
6
] · 17 H
 
2
O
12.1.26Kettnerite
(BiO)Ca[F|CO
 
3
]

Other Names for Phosgenite

Synonyms:
Corneous LeadCorneous Lead OreCromforditeGalenoceratiteLead Chlorocarbonate
Lead murio-carbonateMatlockite (of Chapman)
French names:
Plomb carbonaté muriatifèrePlomb chloro-carbonatéPlomb corné
German names:
BleihornerzBleikeratChlorbleispathChromforditCromfordit
GalenoceratitHornbleiPhosgenitPhosgen-spath
Italian names:
Fosgenite
Russian names:
Фосгенит
Spanish names:
CromforditaGalenoceratita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Fluoresces yellow (LW & SW UV), X-rays and cathode rays.
Other Information:Soluble in dilute HNO3 with effervescence. Decomposed slowly in cold water, which extracts lead chloride.

Readily alters to, and is replaced by, Cerussite.
Health Warning:Contains lead. Wash hands after handling. Do not lick or ingest; do not inhale dust when breaking. Do not grind dry.

References for Phosgenite

Reference List:Karsten, D.L.G. (1800) Mineralogische Tabellen, Berlin. First edition: 78 (as "Hornblei").

Klaproth, M.H. (1802) Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, vol. 3: 141 (as "Salzsaures Bleierz").

Jameson, R. (1804) A System of Mineralogy. First edition, 2 volumes, Edinburgh (as Corneous Lead).

Beudant, F.S. (1832), Trailé élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 502 (as Kerasine).

Breithaupt, A. (1832) Vollständige Characteristik etc., 2nd. Ed.: 61 ( as Phosgen-spath).

Breithaupt, A. (1841) Vollständige Handbuch der Mineralogie, Vol. 2: 183.

Glocker, E.F. (1847) Generum et specierum mineralien secundum ordines naturals digestorum synopsis. Halle: 248 (as Galenoceratite, Bleikerat).

Greg, R.P. and Lettsom, W.G. (1858) Manual of the Mineralogy of Great Britain and Ireland. 483pp., London: 421 (as Cromfordite).

Dana, J.D. (1868) System of Mineralogy, 5th. Edition, New York: 703.

Goldschmidt, V. (1893) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 21: 321.

Sohncke (1896) Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich: 26: 97.

de Schulten (1897) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 20: 191.

Pilipenko (1906) Nachr. Tomsk. Univ.: 14.

Lacroix (1909): 3: 779.

Pilipenko (1909) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: II: 368.

Smith (1909) Mineralogical Magazine: 12: 107.

Lacroix (1910) Comptes rendu de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 151: 276.

Tarrico (1910) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Att.: 19: 278.

Tacconi (1911) 1st. Lombardo, Rend.: 44: 991.

Mügge (1914) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 43.

Goldschmidt, V. (1920) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text, vol. 6: 150.

Anders (1921) Akademie der Wissenschaften, Leipzig: 73: 117.

Mélon analysis in: Buttgenbach (1925) Livre jubil., Soc. géol. Belgique.

Rodolico (1928) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Att.: 8: 171.

Koch (1929) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Beil.-Bd., Stuttgart: 59: 97.

Onorato E. – (1934) La struttura della fosgenite. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma pp. 37-61.

Oftedal (1945) Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Oslo: 24: 79.

Sillén and Petersson (1945) Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Oslo: 24: 79.

Sillén and Petersson (1945) Arkiv för Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi, Stockholm: 21: 1.

Angelelli and Valvano (1946) Rev. soc. geol. Argentina: 1: 257.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 256-259.

Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen (1974): 21: 101-109.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 813pp.: 543.

Internet Links for Phosgenite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Phosgenite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Phosgenite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Phosgenite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Apollyon Valley
    		Mines of the Broken Hill District
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258; Mineralogical Record: 7: 30.
    • Queensland
      • Mt Isa - Cloncurry area
    		[MinRec 19:482]
    • South Australia
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Beltana
    		No reference listed
          • Lyndhurst
    		No reference listed
          • Mount Fitton homestead
    		No reference listed
          • Wooltana homestead area
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Clarendon
    		Kolitsch, U. and Elliott, P. (1999): Mineralogy of the Mount Malvern Mine near Clarendon, South Australia. Australian J. Mineral. 5, 3-17.
          • Glen Osmond
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    • Tasmania
      • Waratah district
        • Magnet
    		[MinRec 19:383]
      • Zeehan District
        • Dundas mineral field
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    Bottrill, R.S., Williams, P., Dohnt, S., Sorrell, S. and Kemp, N.R. (submitted). Crocoite and associated minerals from Dundas and other locations in Tasmania. Australian Journal of Mineralogy.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258.
        • North Dundas
    		[MinRec 8:25]. Bottrill RS & Baker, WE (in prep) Catalogue of Minerals of Tasmania. Mineral Resources Tasmania
    • Western Australia
    		Am Min 72:1251-1256
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
            • Alteck Mt. - Hoher Sonnblick Mt. area
              • Kolm-Saigurn
    		A. Strasser: Die MInerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Brazil
     
    • North Region
      • Pará
        • São Félix do Xingu
    		[MinRec 6:285]
    • Southeast Region
      • São Paulo
        • Iporanga
    		[MinRec 6:285]
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • Tocopilla Province
        • Oficina Maria Elena
    		maurizio dini collection - analysed material
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Příbram
    		[Der Aufschluss 1996:6 p.267-287]
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Bas-Rhin
        • Villé Valley
          • Urbeis
    		Aufschluss 1/85
    • Brittany
      • Finistère
        • Poullaouen
    		Germain C., Leydet J-C., Saget Ph. (1990), Les minéraux de néoformation de Huelgoat (Finistère), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, 3-16
    • Champagne-Ardenne
      • Haute-Marne
        • Langres
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258.
    • Limousin
      • Corrèze
        • Ussel
    		[MinRec 13:267]
    Germany
     
    • Hesse
      • North Hesse
        • Richelsdorf District
          • Süss
            • Richelsdorf Smelter
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Düsseldorf
        • Ratingen
          • Selbeck
    		Lapis 1988(1), 18-20
      • Niederberg area
        • Velbert
    		Lapis 1988(1), 13-35
      • Ruhr Coal Mining area
        • Essen
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
        • Recklinghausen
          • Marl-Hüls
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Westerwald
        • Wied Iron Spar District
          • Neuwied
            • Puderbach
    		Lapis, 9 (9), 31-38.
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamareza; Kamariza)
    		[MinRec 7:124]
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
    		No reference listed
        • Lavrion District slag localities
          • Agios Nikolaos [St Nicholas] area
    		No reference listed
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
    		No reference listed
          • Oxygon area
    		No reference listed
          • Panormos area
    		No reference listed
          • Passa Limani area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals of the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
          • Sounion area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet and Rewitzer, Christian, (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
          • Thorikos area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
          • Tourkolimanon area
    		No reference listed
          • Vrissaki area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Dublin
    		[UKJMM 19:12]
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Varenna Valley
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2 (Avril/Juin), 175-188.
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Villaputzu
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258.
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Fluminimaggiore
          • Oridda Valley
    		No reference listed
    Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G. A. (1996): Iglesiente – Arburese, Miniere e Minerali. Associazioni e Gruppi Mineralogici Italiani Ed., 238 pp.
        • Gonnesa
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente - Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Volume 1 & 2. Nine Italian Mineralogical Groups/Associations, 192 + 239 pp.
        • Iglesias
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258; De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
          • Punta della Torre
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol
    Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 1, 238 pp.
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Arbus
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258; Lapis, 13(12), 16-19.
      • Sassari Province
        • Porto Torres
    		Orlandi, P., & Gelosa, M. (2007). Argentiera della Nurra. I minerali di alterazione della miniera di sfalerite e galena argentifera. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 31 (1), 22-31.
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
        • Giglio Island
    		Marinai, Nannoni, 1994. I minerali dell'Isola del Giglio. Circolo Culturale Gigliese.
      • Livorno Province
        • Piombino
    		Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.
    Mexico
     
    • Baja California Sur
      • Mun. de Mulegé
        • Boleó District
    		Mineralogical Record: 29: 43.
    Panczner(1987):92-350.
    • San Luis Potosí
      • Mun. de Guadalcázar
        • Guadalcázar
    		Panczner (1987): 275, 318.
    Morocco
     
    • Oriental Region
      • Oujda-Angad Province
        • Touissit District
    		[MinRec 18:430, 20:69; 20(5): 396.]
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258; Mineralogical Record: 8: 29, 85; Mineralogical Record: 24: 235.
    Norway
     
    • Akershus
      • Rælingen
    		Kamphaug,E.(1986):"Geologien i området Blystadlia-Rælingen". NAGS-nytt 13(3), 4-13. (in norwegian)
    • Nordland
      • Sørfold
    		Ellingsen et al. 2000. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift nr. 17
    Poland
     
    • Upper Silesia (Śląskie)
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Altayskiy Kray
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 252, 258.
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Tunisia
     
    • Le Kef Governorate
      • Al Kåf (El Kef; Le Kef)
        • Sidi Amor ben Salem
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Mount's Bay District
          • Porthleven
    		No reference listed
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 65; Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual".
          • St Hilary
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
        • St Agnes District
          • Newquay - Perranporth Area
            • Cubert
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
            • Newquay
    		No reference listed
    [Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
    [Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
          • Perranzabuloe
        • Wadebridge District
          • Area East of Wadebridge
            • St Endellion
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
            • Trebarwith
    		No reference listed
          • Area West of Wadebridge
            • Padstow
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
    No reference listed
    [Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
            • Trevong
    		BMS Database
        • Wendron & Falmouth District
          • Helford - Falmouth Area
            • Falmouth
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 47 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
    		No reference listed
      • Derbyshire
        • Bolehill
    		MinRec 14:18-19, 4:79-80; Rocks & Min.: 16:131.
        • Matlock
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 60, 258; Mineralogical Record: 23: 377-385; Mineralogical Record: 24: 245-256, 401; Mineralogical Record: 25: 39-41.
      • Somerset
        • Clevedon
    		BMS Database
        • Westbury on Trym
    		BMS Database
      • Staffordshire
        • Ecton
          • Back of Ecton
    		S Rust collection
    • Scotland
      • Buchan Grampian (Moray)
    		F. Rutley: "Elements of Mineralogy", 12th Ed. (1900)
        • Lossiemouth
    		No reference listed
    BMS Database
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Ceulanymaesmawr
          • Talybont
            • Nant-y-Moch Reservoir area
    		S Rust Collection
      • Gwynedd (Caernarvonshire)
        • Lleyn Peninsula
          • Llanengan
            • Abersoch
    		BMS Database
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Pinal Co.
        • Mammoth District
          • Tiger
            • St. Anthony deposit
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 141, 287; Peacor, D., et al (1985), Mammothite, a new mineral from Tiger, AZ, and Laurium, Greece, Min.Rec.: 15: 117-120; Fahey, J.J., et al (1950), Wherryite, a new mineral from the Mammoth mine, AZ, Am.Min.: 35: 93-98; Bideaux, R.A. (1980), Tiger, AZ, Min.Rec.: 11: 155-181; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 54.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 202, 327; Bideaux, R.A. (1980), Tiger, Arizona, Min.Rec.: 11: 155-181; Palache, C. (1941b), Diaboleite from Mammoth mine, Tiger, AZ, Am.Min.: 26: 605-612; Fahey, J.J., et al (1950), Wherryite, a new mineral from the Mammoth mine, AZ, Am.Min.: 35: 93-98; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 54.
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258.
    • Colorado
      • Custer Co.
        • Oak Creek District (Ilse District)
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258; Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    • Massachusetts
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Easthampton
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258; Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
    • Nevada
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Pioche District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Lodi District
          • Marble camp
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Doña Ana Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258; Northrop (1996) Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed.
    Mineralogical Record: 4: 33; Mineralogical Record: 20: 30.
      • Socorro Co.
        • Hansonburg District
          • Bingham
            • Mex-Tex Mine
    		Mineralogical Record: 26(5): 483.
        • Lemitar Mountain District
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
    • Pennsylvania
      • Northampton Co.
        • Easton
    		Lapham & Geyer, 1965. Mineral Collecting in Pennsylvania
    • Rhode Island
      • Providence Co.
        • Cranston
    		Miller, C. E. (1971) Rhode Island Minerals and Their Locations, O. D. Hermes, Ed., University of Rhode Island, Kingston
    • Utah
      • Juab Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • Tintic District
    		Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 1092; Dana 6, App. 3 (1915) by W.E. Ford: 45; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 567; Encyclopedia of Minerals, 2nd Ed: 671.
    • Virginia
      • Wythe Co.
        • Austinville-Ivanhoe Lead-Zinc District
          • Austinville
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich.
    • Washington
      • Pierce Co.
        • Tacoma
          • Ruston
    		Washington Geology, vol.25, no. 3, September 1997.
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
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