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Aegirine-augite

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Big Photo

Mount Shadwell, Mortlake, Moyne Shire, Victoria, Australia
© Judy Rowe

Show Aegirine-augite Photos (16)



Formula:
(Na,Ca)(Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
6
System:MonoclinicHardness:6
Name:Name applied to a member of the Aegirine-Augite series with a chemical composition intermediate between the two species.




Pyroxene Group.

Classification of Aegirine-augite

IMA status:Redefined Approved 1988
Strunz 9th edition ID:9.DA.20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DA.20

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
Dana 8th edition ID:65.1.3b.2

65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.24.1

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
24 : Aluminosilicates of Fe, Mg, Ca and alkalis
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Physical Properties of Aegirine-augite

Hardness (Mohs):6

Crystallography of Aegirine-augite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/b {B1 1 2/b} {C2/c} {C1 2/c 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 9.663(3) Å, b = 8.813(3) Å, c = 5.2184(16) Å
β = 106.40(2)°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.096 : 1 : 0.592
Unit Cell Volume:V 426.32 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Comment:Cell data from Mills & Groat (2008).

Optical Data of Aegirine-augite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.700 - 1.760 nβ = 1.710 - 1.800 nγ = 1.730 - 1.813
2V:Measured: 70° to 110°, Calculated: 58° to 72°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.030 - 0.053

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v moderate

Chemical Properties of Aegirine-augite

Formula:
(Na,Ca)(Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
6
Essential elements:Fe, Na, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, O, Si

Relationship of Aegirine-augite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DA.05Donpeacorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Mg[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
9.DA.05Enstatite
MgSiO
 
3
9.DA.05Ferrosilite
FeSiO
 
3
9.DA.10Clinoenstatite
MgSiO
 
3
9.DA.10Clinoferrosilite
Fe
2+
 
SiO
 
3
9.DA.10Kanoite
Mn
2+
 
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.10Pigeonite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Ca)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Augite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Al,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)[(Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.15Diopside
CaMgSi
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Esseneite
CaFe
3+
 
[AlSiO
 
6
]
9.DA.15Hedenbergite
CaFe
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Johannsenite
CaMn
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Petedunnite
Ca(Zn,Mn
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Davisite
CaScAlSiO
 
6
9.DA.15Kushiroite
CaAl[AlSiO
 
6
]
9.DA.15Grossmanite
CaTi
3+
 
 AlSiO
 
6
9.DA.20Omphacite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Aegirine
NaFe
3+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Jadeite
Na(Al,Fe
3+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Jervisite
(Na,Ca,Fe
2+
 
)(Sc,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Kosmochlor
NaCrSi
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Namansilite
NaMn
3+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Natalyite
Na(V
3+
 
,Cr)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.30Spodumene
LiAlSi
 
2
O
 
6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
16.24.2Omphacite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
6
16.24.4Magnesioferrikatophorite
[Na][CaNa][Mg
 
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
16.24.5Ferrikatophorite
NaCaNaFe
2+
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
16.24.6Barroisite
☐{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
16.24.7Ferribarroisite
☐[CaNa][Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
16.24.8Alumino-ferrobarroisite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
16.24.9Ferrobarroisite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
16.24.10Ferri-ferrobarroisite
☐[CaNa][Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
16.24.11Hastingsite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
16.24.12Magnesiohastingsite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
16.24.13Taramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
16.24.14Ferri-magnesiotaramite
Na[CaNa][Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
16.24.15Magnesiotaramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
16.24.16Osumilite-(Mg)
(K,Na)(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Al,Fe)
 
3
(Si,Al)
 
12
O
 
30
 · H
 
2
O
16.24.16Osumilite
(K,Na)(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
(Si,Al)
 
12
O
 
30

Other Names for Aegirine-augite

Synonyms:
Acmite-AugiteAegirine-DiopsideAegirine-HedenbergiteAegirite-augiteAegirite-diopside
Aegirite-hedenbergiteAegyrinaugiteAlkali-AugiteEgyrinaugite
Other Languages:
German:Aegirin-Augit
Aegyrinaugit
Ägirinaugit
Akmitaugit
Egyrinaugit
Simplified Chinese:霓辉石
Spanish:Aegirine-augita
Aegyrinaugita
Egyrinaugita
Varieties:
BlanforditeGrünblendePorricin

Other Information

Health Warning:Rosenbusch, H. (1892): Mikroskopische Physiographie der petrographisch wichtigen Mineralien, Vol. 1, Schweitzerbart Stuttgart, 3. Auflage

Tröger, W.E: (1969): Optische Bestimmung der gesteinsbildenden Minerale, Vol. 2, Schweitzerbart Stuttgart, 2. Auflage

Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., Zussman, J. (1972): Rock-forming minerals, Vol. 2 Chain Silicates, Longman London, 6.th impression

Morimoto, N. (1988): Nomenclature of Pyroxenes. Am. Mineral. 73, 1123-1133.

Birch, W. D., Wood, A., White, A. J. R., Mills, S. J. & Freeman, R. (2008) Aegirine–augite crystals in scoria from Mount Shadwell and Mount Anakie, Victoria, Australia, Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 14(1), 37–42.

Mills, S. J. & Groat, L. A. (2008) The crystal structure of yellow aegirine–augite from Mount Anakie, Victoria, Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 14(1), 43–45.

Internet Links for Aegirine-augite

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    • Localities for Aegirine-augite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    • Tamanghasset Province
      • Ahaggar Mts (Hoggar Mts)
        • Atakor volcanic massif
    		M. Girod, Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéral. Crist. , 1963, LXXXVI, pp. 121-125.
    M. Girod, Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéral. Crist. , 1963, LXXXVI, pp. 121-125.
    Angola
     
    • Cuanza Sul Province (Kwanza Sul Province)
      • Sumbe City Council
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPI-07 Alkaline and carbonatite magmatism and related ore deposits: Extrusive calcite carbonatite from Catanda, Angola: Magmatic and hydrothermal history from studies of pyrochlore
    Antarctica
    AmMin 36:361-367
    Australia
     
    • Queensland
      • Somerset Region
    		Carr, Phillips & Williams - Min.Mag. 1976 40,853-6
    • Victoria
      • City of Greater Geelong
        • Anakie
    		Birch, W. D., Wood, A., White, A. J. R., Mills, S. J. and Freeman, R. (2008): Aegirine-augite crystals in scoria from Mt Shadwell and Mt Anakie, Victoria, Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 14, 37-45.
      • Moyne Shire
        • Mortlake
    		Birch, W. D., Wood, A., White, A. J. R., Mills, S. J. and Freeman, R. (2008): Aegirine-augite crystals in scoria from Mt Shadwell and Mt Anakie, Victoria, Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 14, 37-45.
    Austria
     
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Azerbaijan
     
    Bolivia
     
    • Cochabamba Department
      • Capinota Province
    Brazil
     
    • Ceará
    		www.agp.org.br/acervo/geociencias/Guimaraes-Ignez2.htm.
    • Minas Gerais
      • Araxá
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
      • Poços de Caldas plateau
    		Revista Brasileira de Geociências 23(4):388-399
      • Serra do Salitre
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
      • Ubá
    • São Paulo
    		http://www.igc.usp.br/geologiausp/iga/art.php?artigo=7
    Bulgaria
     
    www.bgd.bg/summanual_2003_2.htm.
    Cameroon
     
    • North Region
    		Ngounouno, I., Moreau, Ch., Deruelle, B., Demaiffe, D., Montigny, R. (2001): Petrologie du complexe alcalin sous-sature de Kokoumi (Cameroun), Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France; November 2001; vol. 172; no. 6; p. 675-686
    • South-West Region
      • Buea
        • Cameroon Mt.
    		Fitton, G.J., Hughes D.J. (1981): Strontian melilite in a nephelinite lava from Etinde, Cameroon, Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 44, pp. 261-264
    • South Region
      • Kribi
    		Cesbron et al. (1988)
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Kamloops Mining Division
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139
    • Manitoba
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/can.htm.
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Labrador
    		E. H. Nickel and E. Mark (1965): Arfvedsonite and aegirine-augite from Seal Lake, Labrador. Can Mineral 8, 185-197.
    • Northwest Territories
      • Great Slave Lake
    		Badham, J. P. N. and Muda, M. M. Z, 1980, Mineralogy and Paragenesis of Hydrothermal Mineralizations in the East Arm of Great Slave Lake, Economic Geology, 75:1220-1238.
    • Ontario
      • Sudbury District
        • Lackner Township
          • Nemegos
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139
    • Yukon Territory
    Chile
     
    • Magallanes y Antártica Chilena Region
      • Magallanes Province
    		Alan R. Woolley: Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, part 1, 200 (BMNH, London, 1987)
    Alan R. Woolley (1987) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, part 1, 200 (BMNH, London)
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Anqing Prefecture
        • Qianshan Co.
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1995, 7, pp. 119-138.
    • Fujian Province
      • Sanming Prefecture
        • Mingxi Co.
    		Qiang Wang, Zhenhua Zhao, Ping Jian, Zhiwei Bao, Xiaolin Xiong and Jinlong Ma (2003): Chinese Science Bulletin 48(20), 2241-2247
    • Guangdong Province
      • Guangzhou Prefecture
        • Conghua Co.
    		Changshi Liu, Xiaoming Chen, Rucheng Wang, Huan Hu, Wenlan Zhang, and Mingyuan Lai (2002): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 22(3), 261-269
    • Hebei Province
      • Qinhuangdao Prefecture
        • Funing Co.
    		Jinhui Yang, Fuyuan Wu, Wilde, S.A., Fukun Chen, Xiaoming Liu, and Liewen Xie (2008): Journal of Petrology 49(2), 315-351
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture)
        • Bayan Obo Mining District
          • Bayan Obo
    • Jiangsu Province
      • Lianyungang Prefecture
        • Donghai Co.
    		Hirajima, T., Zhang, R., Li, J., and Cong, B. (1992): Mineralogical Magazine 56(1), 37-46.
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Dandong Prefecture
        • Fengcheng Co.
          • Saima complex
    		Saima Deposit Research Group, Beijing Institute of Uranium Geology (1978): Scientia Sinica 11(3), 365-389
    • Shandong Province
      • Jining Prefecture
        • Weishan Co.
    		Wu, C., Yuan, Z., and Bai, G. (1996): Rare earth deposits in China. In: Jones, A.P., Wall, F., and Williams, C.T. (Eds.): Rare Earth Minerals: Chemistry, origin and ore deposits. The Mineralogical Society Series, Vol. 7. Chapman & Hall (London).
    • Shanxi Province
      • Lüliang Prefecture
        • Lin Co.
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189, 174 pp.
    • Sichuan Province
      • Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Dechang Co.
    		Xiaoyu Li (2005): Mineral Deposits [Kuangchuang Dizhi] 24(2), 151-160.; Zengqian Hou, Shihong Tian, Yuling Xie, Zhusen Yang, Zhongxin Yuan, Shuping Yin, Longsheng Yi, Hongcai Fei, Tianren Zou, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2009): Ore Geology Reviews (in press)
        • Mianning Co.
    		Zengqian Hou, Shihong Tian, Yuling Xie, Zhusen Yang, Zhongxin Yuan, Shuping Yin, Longsheng Yi, Hongcai Fei, Tianren Zou, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2009): Ore Geology Reviews (in press)
    Zengqian Hou, Shihong Tian, Yuling Xie, Zhusen Yang, Zhongxin Yuan, Shuping Yin, Longsheng Yi, Hongcai Fei, Tianren Zou, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2009): Ore Geology Reviews (in press)
    Shihong Tian, Zengqian Hou, Tiping Ding, Yuling Xie, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Tianren Zou (2005), In: Jingwen Mao, and Bierlein, F.P. (eds.): "Mineral Deposit Research", Vol. 1, Birkhäuser, pp. 845-852.; Zengqian Hou, Shihong Tian, Yuling Xie, Zhusen Yang, Zhongxin Yuan, Shuping Yin, Longsheng Yi, Hongcai Fei, Tianren Zou, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2009): Ore Geology Reviews (in press)
        • Xichang Co.
          • Taihe intrusion
    		Rubo Zhang, Chongliang Du, and Zaoyun Long (2003): Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 24(3), 5-8
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Akesu (Aksu; Aqsu) Prefecture
        • Baicheng (Bay) Co.
    		Yanling Tang (2005): Non-metallic deposits of Xinjiang, China [Zhongguo Xinjiang Fei Jinshu Kuangchuang]. Geological Publishing House (Beijing), 289 pp.
      • Kashi (Kashgar; Qeshqer) Prefecture
        • Bachu (Maralbexi; Maralbeshi) Co.
          • Wajiertage
    		Yanling Tang (2005): Non-metallic deposits of Xinjiang, China [Zhongguo Xinjiang Fei Jinshu Kuangchuang]. Geological Publishing House (Beijing), 289 pp.
    • Yunnan Province
      • Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture
        • Wuding Co.
    		Yongbei Zhang, Shihua Sun, Chengyan Xu, Hao Wang, Chongsun Zhao, and Zhihua Zhu (2003): Resource Geology 53(4), 261-272.
      • Dali Autonomous Prefecture
        • Heqing Co.
    		Xianfan Liu, Xiangfeng Song, Qiuxia Lu, Zhuan Tao, Xunrong Long, and Fufeng Zhao (2009): Acta Geologica Sinica, English Edition 83(2), 258–265
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Mariánské Lázně (Marienbad)
    		Ulrych, J., Pivec, E., Bouše, P.: Minerální parageneze ijolitových vyloučenin v olivinickém nefelinitu Podhorního vrchu u Mariánských Lázní. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 51-56.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Havlíčkův Brod
    Ecuador
     
    • Napo Province
    		Earth Planet Sci Let 205:123-138.
    Finland
     
    • Oulun (Oulu) Lääni
      • Kuusamo
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Cantal
        • Riom-ès-Montagnes
          • Menet
    		J. Aubouin, R. Brousse, J.P. Lehman : "Précis de Géologie", Dunod, 1967
      • Haute-Loire
        • Le Puy-en-Velay
          • Espaly-Saint-Marcel
    		R. DE ASCENCAO GUEDES, E. MEDARD, J. MERGOIL, 2005, Minéralogie des volcans du Mont Denise (Haute-Loire), Le Règne Minéral, 62, pp 9-22
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Kaiserstuhl
        • Bötzingen
    		Fricke, G., (1988): Der Kaiserstuhl und seine Minerale, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 39(2), 74-76
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Daun
          • Üdersdorf
    		Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
        • Gerolstein
          • Rockeskyll
            • Rockeskyll volcanic complex
    		El-Kaluoby, B., Mineralbestand und Gefüge vulkanischer Glimmerschiefer-Auswürflinge des Kyller Kopfes, Westeifel, Diss., Rhein. Fried.-Wilh.-Universität, Bonn, 1981
        • Hillesheim
    		Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Brauns, R. , Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922
    Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922
              • Wingertsberg Mt.
    		Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922
          • Niederzissen
            • Glees
    		Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
    		[var: Porricin] Jasmund, K., and Hentschel, G. (1964): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 10, 296-314.
    Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
    [var: Porricin] Wolf, Th. (1868): Die Auswürflinge des Laacher-Sees, Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, Vol. XX, pp 1-78
          • Hochsimmer volcano
    		Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0,CD, published by authors
        • Niederzissen
          • Brenk
    		Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922
        • Rieden volcano
          • Mayen
            • Ettringen
    		Viereck, L., Geologische und petrologische Entwicklung des pleistozänen Vulkankomplexes Rieden, Ost-Eifel, Bochumer geol. Geotechn. Arbeiten 17, 1984
          • Niederzissen
            • Wehr
    		Hopmann, M., Einige Bemerkungen über die Einschlüsse im Leucit-Tuff der Kappiger Lay, Mitteilungen aus dem Mineralogischen Institut der Universität Bonn, 9/1913
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Kykládes Prefecture
        • Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon)
          • Sifnos Island
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 619-634.
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Arsuk
        • Arsuk Firth
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
          • Ivittuut (Ivigtut)
            • Ikka Firth (Ika fjord)
    		No reference listed
      • Narsaq
        • Nunarssuit Island
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/uni/emi/ag-markl/pages/marks/pages/abstracts/EUG2001.html
        • Quagdlimiut
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    • Tunu (East Greenland) Province
      • Blosseville Coast
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
      • Kangerlussuaq Firth
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
      • Kialineq Bay
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    Guyana
     
    • Barima-Waini Region
    		Alan R. Woolley (1987) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. (British Museum, Natural History)
    Honduras
     
    • Santa Bárbara Department
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/latam.htm
    Hungary
     
    • Baranya Co.
      • Mecsek Mts.
        • Szászvár
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    India
     
    • Madhya Pradesh
      • Jabalpur Division
        • Chhindwara District (Chindawara District; Chindwara District)
    		Roy, S., and Purkait, P.K. (1968): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 20, 86-114.
      • Jhabua District
    		[var: Blanfordite] Nayak, V. K. (1966): Mineralogy and genesis of the manganese ores of Kajlidongri mine, district Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh, India. Economic Geology 61, 1280-1282.
      • Tirodi
    		[var: Blanfordite]
    • Maharashtra
      • Mumbai District (Bombay District)
        • Murud-Janjira
    		A.G. Dessai et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1990, 2, pp. 667-685.
    A.G. Dessai et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1990, 2, pp. 667-685.
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Louth
      • Carlingford
    		Nockolds, S. R. (1950): The occurrence of neptunite and eudialyte in quartz-bearing syenites from Barnavave, Carlingford, Ireland. Mineralogical Magazine 29, 27-33.
    Israel
     
    • Negev
    		Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Valtournanche Valley
        • Valtournanche
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Latium
      • Rome Province
        • Sacrofano Caldera
          • Campagnano di Roma
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 53-58.
      • Viterbo Province
        • Vico Lake
    		No reference listed
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Voltri
            • Vara Valley
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Dora Maira Massif
          • Varaita Valley
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 943-955.
      • Torino Province
        • Brosso
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Sicily
      • Catania Province
        • Etna Volcanic Complex
          • Biancavilla
    		Sicurella, G., Ciriotti, M.E., Gianfagna, A., Mazziotti-Tagliani, S., Blass, G. (2010): Minerali di Monte Calvario, Biancavilla (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 329-368.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Gifu Prefecture
          • Hida City
    		Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Noda
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Shimohei-gun
            • Iwaizumi
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Shikoku Island
      • Ehime Prefecture
        • Niihama
    		Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970)
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Northern Kazakhstan Province (Soltüstik Qazaqstan Oblysy; Severo-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast')
    Kenya
     
    • Nyanza Province
      • Ruri complex
    		Sutherland, D.S. (1969): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 24, 114-135.
    Malawi
     
    • Kasungu District
      • North Nyasa Alkaline Province
    Mali
     
    • Kidal Region
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Brandberg District
        • Brandberg area
          • Goboboseb Mountains
            • Messum igneous complex
    		Wooley (2001)
    • Karas Region
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Otjiwarongo District
    		Journal of Microtextural Mineralogy, 52 (4), 2000, pp. 17-20.
    Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern, 368 pp. (in English)
    North Korea
     
    Norway
     
    • Jan Mayen Island
    		www.albany.edu/geosciences/cwhitems.html.
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
        • Øståsen - Hadeland
    		Werner, R. (1993): Om synchysitt i Norge. STEIN 20 (4),221-226, (p. 225)
    • Telemark
      • Kragerø
    		Green, J.C.(1956):"Geology of the Storkollen-Blankenberg area, Kragerø, Norway". Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 36, 89-140
      • Porsgrunn
        • Bjørkedalen
    		Larsen, A. O & Raade, G.(1997): Pyroksener fra Oslofeltets syenittpegmatitter. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 12,16-17
    • Troms
      • Ringvassøy
    		Bøe, P. (2000): En gang av alkaline bergarter i Mikkelvik, Ringvassøy i Troms. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 17, 71-79
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Farris
    		Larsen, A. O & Raade, G.(1997): Pyroksener fra Oslofeltets syenittpegmatitter. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 12,16-17
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Barkevik area
    		Larsen, A. O & Raade, G.(1997): Pyroksener fra Oslofeltets syenittpegmatitter. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 12,16-17
    Raade, G. (1996): Minerals originally described from Norway. Bergverksmuseet Skrift 11, p.18 ; Larsen, A. O & Raade, G.(1997): Pyroksener fra Oslofeltets syenittpegmatitter. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 12, 16-17
        • Tvedalen
    		Larsen, A. O & Raade, G.(1997): Pyroksener fra Oslofeltets syenittpegmatitter. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 12,16-17
    Paraguay
     
    • Concepción Department
    • Guairá Department
    		Geological Survey Professional Paper 327 (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1959)
    • Paraguarí Department
    		Alan R. Woolley: Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, part 1, 207-208 (BMNH, London, 1987)
    Peru
     
    • Puno Department
      • Carabaya Province
    		Laubacher, G. (1978) estudio geologico de la region norte del Lago Titicaca. Boletin Instituto de Geologia y Mineria, 5, series D, 1-122
    • Ucayali Department
      • Coronel Portillo Province
    		Stewart, J.W. (1971) Neogene peralkaline igneous activity in eastern Peru. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 82, 2307-2312.
    Poland
     
    • Małopolskie
      • Myślenice District
    		Pelczar A. 1973: Minetta i wogezyt w otworze Borzęta IG 1. [Streszcz. ref.]. Kwart. Geol. T. 17, nr 4
    Portugal
     
    • Azores District
      • San Miguel Island
    		Ridolfi, F., Renzulli, A., Santi, P., Upton, B.G.J., Evolutionary stages of crystallisation of weakly peralkine syenites: evidence from ejecta in the plinian deposits of Agua de Pau volcano (Sao Miguel, Azores Islands), Mineralogical Magazine, 67(4), 749-767, 2003
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Daldyn-Alakit kimberlite field
          • Daldyn
    		http://web.utk.edu/~lataylor/pub-list/FLA_0084.pdf , M. Anand et al. , 8th International Kimberlite Conference Long Abstract
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		[World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
          • Khibiny Massif
    		Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Men’shikov, Y.P., Konopleva, N.G., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 732-745.
    Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Men’shikov, Y.P., Konopleva, N.G., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 732-745.
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
            • Kukisvumchorr Mt
    		Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Men’shikov, Y.P., Konopleva, N.G., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 732-745.
    Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Men’shikov, Y.P., Konopleva, N.G., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 732-745.
    Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Men’shikov, Y.P., Konopleva, N.G., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 732-745.
    Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Men’shikov, Y.P., Konopleva, N.G., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 732-745.
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Men’shikov, Y.P., Konopleva, N.G., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 732-745.
            • Yukspor Mt
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
          • Kovdor Massif
    		I. V. Pekov, N. V. Chukanov, I. M. Kulikova & D. L. Belakovsky (2006), Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society 135(3), 52–60
          • Turii Cape
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/tury.htm
          • Western Keivy Massif
    		Lyalina, L.M., Savchenko Ye. E., Selivanova E. A., Zozulya D. R. (2009): Behoite and mimetite from Sakhariok alkaline massif (Kola Peninsula). Zapiski RMO (Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society), 138 (3): 118-126 (in russian)
    • Southern Siberia
      • Sayan Mts
        • Eastern Sayan
    		Savel’eva, V.B., and Karmanov, N.S. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 681-696.
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic
          • Sibay
    		Brusnitsyn, A.I., and Zhukov, I.G. (2005): Lithology and Mineral Resources 40(1), 30-47.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Lučenec Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
      • Rimavská Sobota Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139
    South Korea
     
    • Gyeongsangbuk-do (Kyongsang-bukto; Gyeongsangbugdo)
      • Ulleung-gun
    		Atsuo Harumoto (1970) Volcanic Rocks and Associated Rocks of Utsuryoto Island, (Japan Sea). (39pp + geological map)
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Huelva
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 961-970.
    • Canary Islands
      • Las Palmas Province
        • Gran Canaria (Grand Canary)
          • Arucas
            • Cardones
    		Hernandez-Pacheco, A., (1969): The Tahitites of Gran Canaria and their haüynitization, Bulletin volcanologique, Vol. 33, 701-728
    Hernandez-Pacheco, A., (1969): The Tahitites of Gran Canaria and their haüynitization, Bulletin volcanologique, Vol. 33, 701-728
    V.R. Troll et al. , Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , 2003, 145, PP. 730-741.
      • Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province
    		Ferguson, A.K. (1978): The occurence of Ramseyite, Titan-Lavenite and a fluorine-rich Eucolite in a nepheline-syenite inclusion from Tenerife, Canary Islands, Contrib Mineral Petrol 66, 15-20
    • Madrid
      • Sierra de Guadarrama
        • Eastern Pedriza Massif
    		AmMin 83:167-171 (1998)
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Älvdalen
        • Särna
    		No reference listed
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
        • Alnö
    		Sandström, F., Binett, T., Wiklund, C. & Vikström, J. (2010): Alnöområdets geologi och mineralogi. Litiofilen. 27 (2) :14-42
    • Småland
      • Jönköping
        • Gränna
    		Adamson, O. J. (1944): The Petrology of the Norra Kärr District. An occurrence of alkaline Rocks in Southern Sweden. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 66: 112-255; Thulin, H. (1996): Norra Kärr. Litiofilen 13: 17-51
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
        • Persberg district
          • Pajsberg
    		Nysten, P. (2004): Harstigen ett mineralogisk eldorado i Bergslagen. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 28: 5-13
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Engadin
        • Piz Corvatsch
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 23
    Tajikistan
     
    • Region of Republican Subordination
      • Tien Shan Mts
        • Alai (Alayskiy) Range
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/dara.htm
    Tanzania
     
    • Mbeya Region
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1964 33 : 1057-1065.
    Uganda
     
    • Mbale District
    		Sutherland, D.S. (1969). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 24, 114-135.
    • Tororo District
    		Sutherland, D.S. (1969). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 24, 114-135.
    Ukraine
     
    • Zhytomyr Oblast' (Zhitomir Oblast')
    USA
     
    • California
        • Ivanpah District (Copper World District)
          • Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range)
            • Clark Mountain Sub-District
              • Mountain Pass
    		USGS Bulletin 2160
    • Colorado
      • Fremont Co.
    		USGS Prof Paper 649
    Alkaline Rocks and Carboratites of the World Part I, North and South America,1987,Wolley, A,R,
    • Illinois
      • Hardin Co.
        • Hicks
    		Alkaline Rocks and Carboratites of the World Part I, North & South America, 1987, Wolley, A, R,
    • Maine
      • Kennebec Co.
        • Litchfield
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, volume 1.
      • York Co.
        • Newfield
          • Straw Hill
    		Gilman, R., 1978, Bedrock Gepology of the Newfield 15' Quadrangle, Maine, ME Geol Surv OF-78-10.
        • Parsonsfield
    		Gilman, R., 1978, Bedrock Gepology of the Newfield 15' Quadrangle, Maine, ME Geol Surv OF-78-10.
        • Shapleigh
    		Gilman, R., 1978, Bedrock Gepology of the Newfield 15' Quadrangle, Maine, ME Geol Surv OF-78-10.
        • York
    		Gilman, R., 1978, Bedrock Gepology of the Newfield 15' Quadrangle, Maine, ME Geol Surv OF-78-10.
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
    		Washington H., 1898. The Journal of Geology, v. VI
    • Montana
      • Meagher Co.
    		American Mineralogist 50:291-292
    www.cseg.ca/conferences/2000/376.PDF.
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Moultonborough
    		Alkaline Rocks and Carboratites of the World, Part1,North &South America,1987, Wolley,A,R,
      • Grafton Co.
    		Williams, Turner, Gilbert, 1954. Petrography
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Wantage Township
          • Libertyville
    		Eby, G. N. (2004) Petrology, geochronology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Beemerville alkaline complex, northern New Jersey. In Puffer, J. H. and Volkert, R. A. (eds.) Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic Intrusive Rocks of Northern New Jersey and Southeastern New York. Twenty-First Annual Meeting Geological Association of New Jersey, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 52-68.
    • Utah
      • Grand Co.
        • La Sal Mts
          • North Mountain
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/usa.htm.
    • Vermont
      • Rutland Co.
        • Shrewsbury
    		Eggleston, J. W., 1918, Eruptive rocks at Cuttingsville, Vermont: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 45 (4th series), p. 377-410.
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Midlands
      • Zvishavane (Shabani; Shavani)
    		www.venuewest.com/8IKC/s1post.htm.
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