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Piemontite

Big Photo

Taos Co., New Mexico, USA
© Michael C. Roarke

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Formula:
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
2
Mn
3+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
System:MonoclinicColour:Red, red-violet, ...
Hardness:6 - 6½
Name:After the Piemonte region of Italy


Epidote Group.

Classification of Piemontite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/C.23-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.BG.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:58.2.1a.11

58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.16.22

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
16 : Aluminosilicates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Piemontite

Type Locality:Prabornaz Mine (Praborna Mine), Saint-Marcel, Aosta Valley, Italy
Year of Discovery:1853

Occurrences of Piemontite

Geological Setting:Greenschist to amphibolite grade regional metamorphism, metasomatised manganese deposits, low temperature hydrothermal veins.

Physical Properties of Piemontite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent, Opaque
Colour:Red, red-violet, red-brown to reddish black
Streak:Reddish
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 6½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {001}
Poor on {100}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):3.46 - 3.54 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.45 g/cm3

Crystallography of Piemontite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/m (P1 1 21/m) [P21/m] {P1 21/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 8.878(10) Å, b = 5.692(5) Å, c = 10.201(10) Å
β = 115.25°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.56 : 1 : 1.792
Unit Cell Volume:V 466.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Prismatic, bladed or acicular crystals
Twinning:{100} uncommon, lamellar

Optical Data of Piemontite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.725 - 1.756 nβ = 1.730 - 1.789 nγ = 1.750 - 1.832
2V:Measured: 50° to 86°, Calculated: 54° to 86°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.025 - 0.076

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v strong
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X= light yellow, orange to pink
Y= pale violet to deep lavender
Z= pink to deep red

Chemical Properties of Piemontite

Formula:
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
2
Mn
3+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
Essential elements:Al, Ca, H, Mn, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, Ca, H, Mn, O, Si
Common Impurities:Fe,Ti,Na,K,H2O

Relationship of Piemontite to other Species

Related to:
  • Epidote Group
    • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
    9.BG.05Allanite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Allanite-(La)
    {CaLa}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Allanite-(Y)
    {CaY}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Clinozoisite
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    3
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Dissakisite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{Al
     
    2
    		Mg}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Dollaseite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{MgAlMg}[F|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Epidote
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Epidote-(Pb)
    {CaPb}{Al
     
    3
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Khristovite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{MgAlMn
    2+
     
    		}[F|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Mukhinite
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    2
    		V
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Piemontite-(Sr)
    {CaSr}{Al
     
    2
    		Mn
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Manganiandrosite-(La)
    {LaMn
    2+
     
    		}{Mn
    3+
     
    		AlMn
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Tawmawite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Cr)
     
    3
    		[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Manganipiemontite-(Sr)
    {CaSr}{Mn
    3+
     
    		AlMn
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Ferriallanite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{Fe
    3+
     
    		AlFe
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Clinozoisite-(Sr)
    CaSrAl
     
    3
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)(SiO
     
    4
    		)O(OH)
    9.BG.05Ferriepidote
    9.BG.05Manganiandrosite-(Ce)
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Ca)(Ce,REE)AlMn
    3+
     
    		Mn
    2+
     
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)(SiO
     
    4
    		)O(OH)
    9.BG.05Dissakisite-(La)
    {CaLa}{Al
     
    2
    		Mg}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Vanadoandrosite-(Ce)
    {Mn
    2+
     
    		Ce}{V
    3+
     
    		AlMn
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Androsite-(La)
    9.BG.05Uedaite-(Ce)
    {Mn
    2+
     
    		Ce}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05IMA2006-055
    CaSrAl
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)(SiO
     
    4
    		)O(OH)
    9.BG.10Zoisite
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    3
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.15Macfallite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mn
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.15Sursassite
    Mn
     
    2
    		Al
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Fe2+)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Okhotskite
    Ca
     
    8
    		(Mn,Mg)
     
    4
    		(Mn,Al,Fe)
     
    8
    		Si
     
    12
    		O
     
    56-n
    		(OH)
     
    n
    9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
    Ca
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Fe3+)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Mg)
    Ca
     
    2
    		MgAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Mn2+)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)(Al,Mn
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Shuiskite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mg,Al)(Cr,Al)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Fe3+)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mg)(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    2
    		[(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Al)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Al,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)Al
     
    2
    		[(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Poppiite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(V
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mg)(V
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    2
    		[(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Mg)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.25Ganomalite
    Pb
     
    9
    		Ca
     
    5
    		Mn[O|SiO
     
    4
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.BG.30Rustumite
    Ca
     
    10
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		(SiO
     
    4
    		)Cl
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    2
    9.BG.35Vesuvianite
    Ca
     
    10
    		(Mg,Fe)
     
    2
    		Al
     
    4
    		Si
     
    9
    		O
     
    34
    		(OH)
     
    4
    9.BG.35Wiluite
    Ca
     
    19
    		(Al,Mg,Fe,Ti)
     
    13
    		(B,Al,[ ])
     
    5
    		Si
     
    18
    		O
     
    68
    		(O,OH)
     
    10
    9.BG.35Manganvesuvianite
    Ca
     
    19
    		Mn(Al,Mn,Fe)
     
    19
    		(Mg,Mn)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    18
    		O
     
    69
    		(OH)
     
    9
    9.BG.35Fluorvesuvianite
    Ca
     
    19
    		(Al,Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    13
    		[(F,OH,O)
     
    10
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    10
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.BG.40Vyuntspakhkite-(Y)
    Y
     
    4
    		Al
     
    3
    		Si
     
    5
    		O
     
    18
    		(OH)
     
    5
    9.BG.45Dellaite
    Ca
     
    6
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    11
    		(OH)
     
    2
    9.BG.50Gatelite-(Ce)
    CaCe
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		(Al,Mg)(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Al)[(O,F)|(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.55Västmanlandite-(Ce)
    Ca(Ce,La)
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		Mg
     
    2
    		 [F|(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
    16.16.1Kanonaite
    Mn
    3+
     
    		Al[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    16.16.2Spessartine
    Mn
    2+
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    16.16.3Davreuxite
    MnAl
     
    6
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    17
    		(OH)
     
    2
    16.16.4Sursassite
    Mn
     
    2
    		Al
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    16.16.5Carpholite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    16.16.6Kellyite
    Mn
    2+
    2
    		Al[(OH)
     
    4
    		|AlSiO
     
    5
    		]
    16.16.7Pennantite
    (Mn
     
    5
    		Al)(Si
     
    3
    		Al)O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    8
    16.16.8Akatoreite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    9
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|HSi
     
    4
    		O
     
    13
    		]
    16.16.9Ganophyllite
    (K,Na,Ca)
     
    2
    		Mn
     
    8
    		(Si,Al)
     
    12
    		(O,OH)
     
    32
    		·8H
     
    2
    		O
    16.16.10Kôzulite
    [Na][Na
     
    2
    		][Mn
    2+
    4
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Al)][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    16.16.11Masutomilite
    (K,Rb)(Li,Mn
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    3
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    16.16.13Howieite
    Na(Fe,Mn)
     
    10
    		(Fe,Al)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    12
    		O
     
    31
    		(OH)
     
    13
    16.16.14Eggletonite
    (Na,K,Ca)
     
    2
    		(Mn,Fe)
     
    8
    		(Si,Al)
     
    12
    		O
     
    29
    		(OH)
     
    7
    		·11H
     
    2
    		O
    16.16.15Bannisterite
    Ca
     
    0.5
    		(K,Na)
     
    0.5
    		(Mn,Fe,Zn)
     
    10
    		(Si,Al)
     
    16
    		O
     
    38
    		(OH)
     
    8
    		·5.5H
     
    2
    		O
    16.16.16Taneyamalite
    (Na,Ca)(Mn,Mg,Fe)
     
    12
    		Si
     
    12
    		(O,OH)
     
    44
    16.16.17Zussmanite
    K(Fe,Mg,Mn)
     
    13
    		(Si,Al)
     
    18
    		O
     
    42
    		(OH)
     
    14
    16.16.18Coombsite
    K(Mn,Fe,Mg)
     
    13
    		(Si,Al)
     
    18
    		O
     
    42
    		(OH)
     
    14
    16.16.19Henritermierite
    Ca
     
    3
    		(Mn
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    16.16.20Macfallite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mn
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    16.16.21Ottrélite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)Al
     
    2
    		[O|(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    16.16.23Okhotskite
    Ca
     
    8
    		(Mn,Mg)
     
    4
    		(Mn,Al,Fe)
     
    8
    		Si
     
    12
    		O
     
    56-n
    		(OH)
     
    n
    16.16.24Pumpellyite-(Mn2+)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)(Al,Mn
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    16.16.25Piemontite-(Sr)
    {CaSr}{Al
     
    2
    		Mn
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]

    Other Names for Piemontite

    Synonyms:
    Piedmontite
    French names:
    Epidote Manganèsifère
    German names:
    PiedmontitPiemontit
    Russian names:
    Пьемонтит
    Spanish names:
    PiedmontitaPiemontita
    Varieties:
    Strontian Piemontite

    Other Information

    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Piemontite

    Reference List:Short, Allan McIlroy (1933), A chemical and optical study of Piedmontite from Shadow Lake, Madera County, California: American Mineralogist: 18: 493-500.

    American Mineralogist (1969): 54: 710-717.

    Bonazzi, P., Garbarino, C., and Menchetti, S. (1992) Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy. European Journal of Mineralogy: 4: 23.

    Bermanec, V., Armbruster, T., Oberhänsli, R., and Zebec, V. (1994) Crystal chemistry of Pb- and REE-rich piemontite from Nezilovo, macedonia. Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen (1994): 74: 321-328.

    Bonazzi, P. and Menchetti, S. (1994) Structural variations induced by heat treatment in allanite and REE-bearing piemontite. American Mineralogist: 79: 1176-1184.

    Bonazzi, P., Menchetti, S., and Reinecke, T. (1996) Solidm solution between piemontite and androsite-(La), a new mineral of the epidote group from Andros Island, Greece. American Mineralogist: 81: 735-742.

    Langer, K., Tillmanns, E., Kersten, M., Almen, H., and Arni, R.K. (2002) The crystal chemistry of Mn 3+ in the clino- and orthozoisite structure types, Ca2M3 3+[OH|O|SiO4|Si2O7]: A structural and spectroscopic study of some natural piemontites and "thulites" and their synthetic equivalents. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 217: 563-580.

    Internet Links for Piemontite

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    Localities for Piemontite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Antarctica
    AmMin 36:361-367
    AmMin 36:361-367
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Habach valley
          • Larmkogel Mt.
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
        • Hollersbach valley
          • Scharnbachgraben
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
        • Kaprun valley
          • Mooserboden reservoir
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Lungau
        • Taurach valley
          • Fuchs Alp - Fuchs lake area (incl. Schwarz Alp; Schwarz lake; Kohlsberg Alp)
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Saalfelden
        • Maishofen
          • Forsthof
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Kals valley
          • Ködnitz valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • North Tyrol
        • Ziller valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Golden Mining Division
    		No reference listed
    China
     
    • Qinghai (Chinghai) Province
      • Haibei Autonomous Prefecture
        • Qilian Co.
          • North Qilian Metamorphic Belt
    		Yong-Jiang Liu, Neubauer, F., Genser, J., Akira Takasu, Xiao-Hong Ge, and Handler, R. (2006): Island Arc 15 (1), 187–198.
    • Sichuan Province
      • Ngawa (Aba) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Heishui Co.
    		Hongjun Liu and Youzhi Xue (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15, 165-176.
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Céret
          • Prats de Mollo-La Preste (Prats de Molló-La Presta)
    		Dubru. M, (1986) Pétrologie et géochimie du marbre à brucite et des borates associés au gisement de tungstène de Costabonne, (Pyrénées orientales, France) 930p
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Cauflens
          • Seix
            • Salau
    		Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 623-632.
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Spessart Mts
          • Aschaffenburg
            • Dörrmorsbach
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Tittling
            • Stützersdorf
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Hesse
      • Odenwald
        • Bensheim
          • Roßbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Nieder-Ramstadt
          • Kirchberg Mt.
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Brunsbüttel
        • Buchholz - Kuden area
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Kykládes Prefecture
        • Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon)
          • Andros Island
            • Vasilikon Mt
    		No reference listed
    India
     
    • Madhya Pradesh
      • Jhabua District
    		Am Min 90:2-3 pp304-309
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Nus
        • Saint-Barthélemy
    		• Barresi, A.A., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Ambrino, P., Bracco, R., Bonacina, E. (2005): La miniera di manganese di Varenche (Aosta, Italia nord-occidentale): ardennite, arseniopleite, manganberzeliite, pirofanite, sarkinite, thortveitite, nuovo As-Sc-analogo della metavariscite e altre specie. Micro (località), 2/2005, 81-122.
      • Saint-Marcel
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Varenna Valley
    		Antofilli, Borgo, Palenzona, 1985. I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. Edizioni Melita, La Spezia.
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
    		Redazionale (2005): Sistematica ligure: resoconto 2005. Notiziario di Mineralogia del Ferrania Club, 19 , 3-5.
            • Reppia
    		Redazione (2005): Sistematica ligure: resoconto 2005. Notiziario di Mineralogia Ferrania Club, 19, 3-5.
      • La Spezia Province
        • Borghetto Vara
          • Faggiona
    		Palenzona A., Di Giovanni F., Borgo E. (1988) - La miniera di Manganese di Cerchiara (SP) - Rivista Miner. Ital., Milano, fasc. 4, pp.209-218
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Malenco Valley
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Varaita Valley
          • Bellino
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Torino Province
        • Locana Valley
    		Barresi, A., Orlandi, P., Pasero, M. (2007): History of ardennite and the new mineral ardennite-(V). European Journal of Mineralogy, 19, 581-587.
    ME Ciriotti; Minnigh, L.D. (1978a): Petrological and structural investigations of the Sparone area in the Orco valley (southern Sesia-Lanzo border zone, western Italian Alps). University of Leiden Dissertation, 121 pp.
    Benna, P., Pognante, U., Malarico, F. (1988): Incomplete blueschist re-crystallization in high-grade metamorphics from the Sesia-Lanzo unit (Vasario-Sparone sub-unit, Western Alps): a case history of metastability. Lithos, 21, 129-142.
    (M.E. Ciriotti - 05/04/2008)
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Grande Valley
              • Ceres
    		Maccario,G.& Meda,F.(1970):Il giacimento manganesifero di Vernetto,Ceres.Notiziario del Gruppo Mineralogico Piemontese,2(2),9-10.
            • Viù Valley
              • Viù
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associzaione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Lucca Province
        • Apuan Alps
          • Stazzema
    		Battaglia S., Nannoni R., Orlandi P., 1977. La piemontite del Monte Corchia (Alpi Apuane). Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat., Mem., Serie A, 84: 174-178.
    Biagioni C., 2004. Le mineralizzazioni manganesifere dei Diaspri Auctt. di Vagli (Alpi Apuane, Lucca). Tesina di Laurea inedita, Università di Pisa
    Biagioni C., 2004. Le mineralizzazioni manganesifere dei Diaspri Auctt. di Vagli (Alpi Apuane, Lucca). Tesina di Laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
    Biagioni C., 2004. Le mineralizzazioni manganesifere dei Diaspri Auctt. di Vagli (Alpi Apuane, Lucca). Tesina di Laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
    Biagioni C., 2004. Le mineralizzazioni manganesifere dei Diaspri Auctt. di Vagli (Alpi Apuane, Lucca). Tesina di laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
      • Massa-Carrara Province
        • Apuan Alps
          • Carrara
            • Monte Rocchetta)
    		Bonazzi P., Garbarino C., Menchetti S., 1992. Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy. Eur. J. Miner., 4: 23-33.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Tokoro District
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Yamanashi Prefecture
          • Kohsai
    		A. Kato et al. , Bull. Minéral., 1981, 104, pp. 396-399, France.
      • Kanto Region
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu-gun
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Kyushu Island
      • Nagasaki Prefecture
        • Nishisonogi-gun
    		Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu University, Ser. D, 5, 185-198 (1957)
    Sasaki, N., Yano, M. & Matsuyama, F. (2002): Ardennite from the Tone mine, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Chigaku Kenkyu 51, 67-72. (in Japanese) ; Masutomi Museum specimens, Kyoto.
    • Shikoku Island
      • Ehime Prefecture
        • Doi
    		Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970)
        • Iyomishima
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
        • Niihama
    		Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970)
    No reference listed
      • Tokushima prefecture
    		Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto)
    Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tachgagalt (Tachguagalt)
    		FAVREAU G. & DIETRICH J.E. (2006) Tachgagalt (Maroc), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 93, 37-71. (in French)
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Otago
        • Queenstown
    		C. Lemanski, Jr. collection (6782CL); Chemical Geology 48, 57-78
    Norway
     
    • Nord-Trøndelag
    		No reference listed
    • Oppland
      • Lom
        • Ottaelva
    		Garmo, T.(1974):"Litt om thulittforekomsten i Søre Lia i Lom" NAGS-nytt nr 1, 4
    • Sør-Trøndelag
      • Oppdal
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    • Telemark
      • Hjartdal
        • Sauland
    		Neumann, H. & Svinndal, S.(1955):"The Cyprin-Thulite deposit at Øvstebø, near Kleppan in Sauland, Telemark, Norway". Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 34,139-156
      • Tokke
        • Botnedal
    		No reference listed
    Republic of Macedonia
     
    • Pelagonian massif
    		Schweiz. mineral. petrogr. Mitt. (1994) 74, 321-328
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
    • Northern Region
      • Komi Republic
        • Grubependity lake
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Tyumenskaya Oblast'
    		[Mineralien Welt 6/92:62]
    [Lapis 1995:3 p13-35]
          • Tel'pos-Iz Mt
    Serbia
     
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
    		[MinRec 22:187]
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		MinRecord 9:137-153
    Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Huelva
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 961-970.
    Sweden
     
    • Ångermanland
      • Kramfors
    • Hälsingland
      • Ljusdal
    		No reference listed
    • Lappland
      • Jokkmokk
        • Ultevis
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		No reference listed
    • Skåne
      • Bromölla
        • Näsum
    		Kjell Gatedal
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Nordmark
    		K.Gatedal
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		No reference listed
      • Lindesberg
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Albula Valley
        • Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass)
          • Tinizong (Tinzen)
    		[var: Strontian Piemontite] [MinRec 32:211]
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Maggia Valley
        • Campo Valley
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Les Bagnes Valley
        • Mauvoisin
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 83
      • Zermatt - Saas Fee area
        • Matter Valley
          • Täsch Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 83-84
        • Saas Valley
          • Saas Fee
            • Fee Glacier
    		Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz, Wepf Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3-85977-200-7
    Tanzania
     
    • Dodoma Region
      • Kongwa
    		www.min.uni-kiel.de/petrographie/schenk/projekte/tansania/mautia/dmg_mautia.pdf.
    UK
     
    • Wales
      • Gwynedd (Caernarvonshire)
        • Llanberis
        • Lleyn Peninsula
          • Llanfaelrhys
            • Rhiw
    		BMS Collection
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Huachuca Mts
          • Hartford District (Huachuca Mountains District)
    		David Garske
        • Sulphur Springs Valley
          • Pearce area
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328; Lausen (1927b), Piedmontite from Sulphur Springs Valley, AZ, Am.Min.: 12: 283-287; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 100.
      • Maricopa Co.
        • Phoenix
          • Phoenix Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328.
      • Pima Co.
        • Santa Rita Mts
          • Old Baldy District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328; Guild, F.N. (1935), Piemontite in AZ, Am.Min.: 20: 679-692; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 100.
        • Tohono O'odom (Papago) Indian Reservation
          • Comobabi Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 179; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of Arizona, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of AZ, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56.
        • Tucson Mts
          • Amole District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 100; Guild, F.N. (1935), Piedmontite in Arizona, Am.Min.: 20: 679-692.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 145; Guild, F.N. (1935), Piedmontite in AZ, Am.Min.: 20: 679-692.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328.
      • Pinal Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328.
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Bradshaw Mts (Bradshaw Range)
          • Prescott District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328; Krieger, M.H. (1965), Geology of the Prescott and Paulden quadrangles, AZ, USGS PP 467.
    • California
      • Kern Co.
        • Lost Hills
    AmMin 20:737
      • Madera Co.
    Am Min 18:493
      • Plumas Co.
    • Colorado
      • Boulder Co.
        • Wallstreet
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Gunnison Co.
        • Dorchester District
          • Taylor Park
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Bergen Park area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
      • Ouray Co.
        • Sneffels District (Mount Sneffels District)
          • Ouray
    		Min.Rec.:20(5):388 (see also Rocks & Min.:62:9, 64:140-141 & 65:114-149).
      • Routt Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • San Miguel Co.
        • Ouray District (Uncompahgre District)
          • Telluride
    		Rocks & Min.:59:34 & 64:144.
    • Georgia
    		http://gamineral.org
    • Massachusetts
      • Middlesex Co.
    		Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
      • Norfolk Co.
    		Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
    • Missouri
      • Iron Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Potosi District
          • Adam Peak
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lyon Co.
        • Yerington District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Rawhide District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals