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Piemontite

Big Photo

Taos Co., New Mexico, USA
© Michael C. Roarke

Show Piemontite Photos (67)
Formula:
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
2
Mn
3+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
System:MonoclinicColour:Red, red-violet, ...
Hardness:6 - 6½
Name:After the Piemonte region of Italy


Epidote Group.

"Piemontite" has two different uses: Piemontite (sensu stricto) is the mineral species described here, but more commonly "piemontite" refers incorrectly to deep red colored, Mn3+-bearing epidotes that are really varieties of the species epidote, and not strictly speaking the *species* piemontite. "Piemontites" rarely contain more than 40% of the piemontite molecule, so many "piemontites" in collections (and pictured here in Mindat) are really Mn-rich red varieties of epidote. (See for example: Ashley (1984), Kawachi et al (1983), and Martin & Lombardo (1995).)

Classification of Piemontite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/C.23-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.BG.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:58.2.1a.11

58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.16.22

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
16 : Aluminosilicates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Piemontite

Type Locality:Prabornaz Mine (Praborna Mine), Saint-Marcel, Aosta Valley, Italy
Year of Discovery:1853

Occurrences of Piemontite

Geological Setting:Greenschist to amphibolite grade regional metamorphism, metasomatised manganese deposits, low temperature hydrothermal veins.

Physical Properties of Piemontite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent, Opaque
Colour:Red, red-violet, red-brown to reddish black
Streak:Reddish
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 6½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {001}
Poor on {100}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):3.46 - 3.54 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.45 g/cm3

Crystallography of Piemontite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/m {P1 1 21/m} {P21/m} {P1 21/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 8.878(10) Å, b = 5.692(5) Å, c = 10.201(10) Å
β = 115.25°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.56 : 1 : 1.792
Unit Cell Volume:V 466.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Prismatic, bladed or acicular crystals
Twinning:{100} uncommon, lamellar

Optical Data of Piemontite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.725 - 1.756 nβ = 1.730 - 1.789 nγ = 1.750 - 1.832
2V:Measured: 50° to 86°, Calculated: 54° to 86°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.025 - 0.076

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v strong
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X= light yellow, orange to pink
Y= pale violet to deep lavender
Z= pink to deep red

Chemical Properties of Piemontite

Formula:
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
2
Mn
3+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
Essential elements:Al, Ca, H, Mn, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, Ca, H, Mn, O, Si
Common Impurities:Fe,Ti,Na,K,H2O

Relationship of Piemontite to other Species

Member of Group:
Epidote Group:
{A
 
2
}{M
 
3
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.BG.05Allanite-(Ce)
{CaCe}{Al
 
2
Fe
2+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Allanite-(La)
{CaLa}{Al
 
2
Fe
2+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Allanite-(Y)
{CaY}{Al
 
2
Fe
2+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Clinozoisite
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
3
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Dissakisite-(Ce)
{CaCe}{Al
 
2
Mg}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Dollaseite-(Ce)
{CaCe}{MgAlMg}[F|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Epidote
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
2
Fe
3+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Epidote-(Pb)
{CaPb}{Al
 
3
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Khristovite-(Ce)
{CaCe}{MgAlMn
2+
 
}[F|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Mukhinite
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
2
V
3+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Piemontite-(Sr)
{CaSr}{Al
 
2
Mn
3+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Manganiandrosite-(La)
{LaMn
2+
 
}{Mn
3+
 
AlMn
2+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Tawmawite
Ca
 
2
(Al,Fe
3+
 
,Cr)
 
3
[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Manganipiemontite-(Sr)
{CaSr}{Mn
3+
 
AlMn
3+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Ferriallanite-(Ce)
{CaCe}{Fe
3+
 
AlFe
2+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Clinozoisite-(Sr)
CaSrAl
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(SiO
 
4
)O(OH)
9.BG.05Ferriepidote
9.BG.05Manganiandrosite-(Ce)
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)(Ce,REE)Mn
3+
 
AlMn
2+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(SiO
 
4
)O(OH)
9.BG.05Dissakisite-(La)
{CaLa}{Al
 
2
Mg}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Vanadoandrosite-(Ce)
{Mn
2+
 
Ce}{V
3+
 
AlMn
2+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Androsite-(La)
9.BG.05Uedaite-(Ce)
Mn
2+
 
CeAl
 
2
Fe
2+
 
[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.05Epidote-(Sr)
CaSrAl
 
2
Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(SiO
 
4
)O(OH)
9.BG.10Zoisite
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
3
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.15Macfallite
Ca
 
2
(Mn
3+
 
,Al)
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.15Sursassite
Mn
 
2
Al
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Fe2+)
Ca
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BG.20Okhotskite
Ca
 
8
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
4
(Mn
3+
 
,Al,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
12
O
 
56-n
(OH)
 
n
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
Ca
 
2
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Fe3+)
Ca
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
[(OH,O)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Mg)
Ca
 
2
MgAl
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Mn2+)
Ca
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)(Al,Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BG.20Shuiskite
Ca
 
2
(Mg,Al)(Cr,Al)
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · 2H
 
2
O
9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Fe3+)
Ca
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Mg)(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
[(OH,O)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Al)
Ca
 
2
(Al,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Al
 
2
[(OH,O)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BG.20Poppiite
Ca
 
2
(V
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Mg)(V
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
[(OH,O)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Mg)
Ca
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BG.25Ganomalite
Pb
 
9
Ca
 
5
Mn[O|SiO
 
4
|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
]
9.BG.30Rustumite
Ca
 
10
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)Cl
 
2
(OH)
 
2
9.BG.35Vesuvianite
Ca
 
10
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
Al
 
4
Si
 
9
O
 
34
(OH)
 
4
9.BG.35Wiluite
Ca
 
19
(Al,Mg,Fe,Ti)
 
13
(B,Al,[ ])
 
5
Si
 
18
O
 
68
(O,OH)
 
10
9.BG.35Manganvesuvianite
Ca
 
19
Mn(Al,Mn,Fe)
 
19
(Mg,Mn)
 
2
Si
 
18
O
 
69
(OH)
 
9
9.BG.35Fluorvesuvianite
Ca
 
19
(Al,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
13
[(F,OH,O)
 
10
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
10
|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
]
9.BG.40Vyuntspakhkite-(Y)
Y
 
4
Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
18
(OH)
 
5
9.BG.45Dellaite
Ca
 
6
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(SiO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
9.BG.50Gatelite-(Ce)
CaCe
 
3
Al
 
2
(Al,Mg)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Al)[(O,F)|(OH,O)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BG.55Västmanlandite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)
 
3
Al
 
2
Mg
 
2
 [F|(OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
16.16.1Kanonaite
Mn
3+
 
Al[O|SiO
 
4
]
16.16.2Spessartine
Mn
2+
3
Al
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
16.16.3Davreuxite
MnAl
 
6
Si
 
4
O
 
17
(OH)
 
2
16.16.4Sursassite
Mn
 
2
Al
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
16.16.5Carpholite
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
16.16.6Kellyite
Mn
2+
2
Al[(OH)
 
4
|AlSiO
 
5
]
16.16.7Pennantite
(Mn
 
5
Al)(Si
 
3
Al)O
 
10
(OH)
 
8
16.16.8Akatoreite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
9
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
3
|HSi
 
4
O
 
13
]
 
2
16.16.9Ganophyllite
(K,Na,Ca)
 
2
Mn
 
8
(Si,Al)
 
12
(O,OH)
 
32
·8H
 
2
O
16.16.10Kôzulite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mn
2+
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)][(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
16.16.11Masutomilite
(K,Rb)(Li,Mn
3+
 
,Al)
 
3
[(F,OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
]
16.16.13Howieite
Na(Fe,Mn)
 
10
(Fe,Al)
 
2
Si
 
12
O
 
31
(OH)
 
13
16.16.14Eggletonite
(Na,K,Ca)
 
2
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
(Si,Al)
 
12
O
 
29
(OH)
 
7
·11H
 
2
O
16.16.15Bannisterite
Ca
 
0.5
(K,Na)
 
0.5
(Mn,Fe,Zn)
 
10
(Si,Al)
 
16
O
 
38
(OH)
 
8
·5.5H
 
2
O
16.16.16Taneyamalite
(Na,Ca)(Mn,Mg,Fe)
 
12
Si
 
12
(O,OH)
 
44
16.16.17Zussmanite
K(Fe,Mg,Mn)
 
13
(Si,Al)
 
18
O
 
42
(OH)
 
14
16.16.18Coombsite
K(Mn,Fe,Mg)
 
13
(Si,Al)
 
18
O
 
42
(OH)
 
14
16.16.19Henritermierite
Ca
 
3
(Mn
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
[(OH)
 
4
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
16.16.20Macfallite
Ca
 
2
(Mn
3+
 
,Al)
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
16.16.21Ottrélite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Al
 
2
[O|(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
]
16.16.23Okhotskite
Ca
 
8
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
4
(Mn
3+
 
,Al,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
12
O
 
56-n
(OH)
 
n
16.16.24Pumpellyite-(Mn2+)
Ca
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)(Al,Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
16.16.25Piemontite-(Sr)
{CaSr}{Al
 
2
Mn
3+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]

Other Names for Piemontite

Synonyms:
Piedmontite
Other Languages:
French:Epidote Manganèsifère
German:Piedmontit
Piemontit
Russian:Пьемонтит
Spanish:Piedmontita
Piemontita
Varieties:
Strontian Piemontite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Piemontite

Reference List:Short, Allan McIlroy (1933), A chemical and optical study of Piedmontite from Shadow Lake, Madera County, California: American Mineralogist: 18: 493-500.

American Mineralogist (1969): 54: 710-717.

Kawachi et al (1983) Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 1, 353-371.

Ashley, P.M. (1984) Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 31, 203-216.

Bonazzi, P., Garbarino, C., and Menchetti, S. (1992) Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy. European Journal of Mineralogy: 4: 23.

Bermanec, V., Armbruster, T., Oberhänsli, R., and Zebec, V. (1994) Crystal chemistry of Pb- and REE-rich piemontite from Nezilovo, macedonia. Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen (1994): 74: 321-328.

Bonazzi, P. and Menchetti, S. (1994) Structural variations induced by heat treatment in allanite and REE-bearing piemontite. American Mineralogist: 79: 1176-1184.

Martin & Lombardo (1995) Museo Regionale Di Scienze Naturali, 13, 103-126.

Bonazzi, P., Menchetti, S., and Reinecke, T. (1996) Solidm solution between piemontite and androsite-(La), a new mineral of the epidote group from Andros Island, Greece. American Mineralogist: 81: 735-742.

Langer, K., Tillmanns, E., Kersten, M., Almen, H., and Arni, R.K. (2002) The crystal chemistry of Mn 3+ in the clino- and orthozoisite structure types, Ca2M3 3+[OH|O|SiO4|Si2O7]: A structural and spectroscopic study of some natural piemontites and "thulites" and their synthetic equivalents. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 217: 563-580.

Internet Links for Piemontite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Piemontite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
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    Localities for Piemontite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Antarctica
    AmMin 36:361-367
    AmMin 36:361-367
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Habach valley
          • Larmkogel Mt.
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
        • Hollersbach valley
          • Scharnbachgraben
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
        • Kaprun valley
          • Mooserboden reservoir
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Lungau
        • Taurach valley
          • Fuchs Alp - Fuchs lake area (incl. Schwarz Alp; Schwarz lake; Kohlsberg Alp)
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Saalfelden
        • Maishofen
          • Forsthof
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Kals valley
          • Ködnitz valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • North Tyrol
        • Ziller valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Golden Mining Division
    		No reference listed
    • Québec
      • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
        • Témiscamingue RCM
          • Rémigny
    		Sabina, A.P. (2000) Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Cobalt - Belleterre - Timmins, Ontario and Quebec. GSC Misc. Report 57, 96 p.
    Chile
     
    • Coquimbo Region
      • Elqui Province
        • La Serena
          • Talcuna Cu-Mn-Ag Mining District
    		Oyarzun, R., Ortega, L., Sierra, J., Lunar, R., and Oyarzun, J. (1998): Mineralium Deposita 33, 547-559.
    Oyarzun, R., Ortega, L., Sierra, J., Lunar, R., and Oyarzun, J. (1998): Mineralium Deposita 33, 547-559.
      • Limarí Province
        • Fragua district
    		C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988): \"Yacimientos metalíferos de Chile\": Fondecyt, Stgo de Chile.
    China
     
    • Qinghai (Chinghai) Province
      • Haibei Autonomous Prefecture
        • Qilian Co.
          • North Qilian Metamorphic Belt
    		Yong-Jiang Liu, Neubauer, F., Genser, J., Akira Takasu, Xiao-Hong Ge, and Handler, R. (2006): Island Arc 15 (1), 187–198.
    • Sichuan Province
      • Ngawa (Aba) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Heishui Co.
    		Hongjun Liu and Youzhi Xue (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15, 165-176.
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Céret
          • Prats de Mollo-La Preste (Prats de Molló-La Presta)
    		Dubru. M, (1986) Pétrologie et géochimie du marbre à brucite et des borates associés au gisement de tungstène de Costabonne, (Pyrénées orientales, France) 930p
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Cauflens
          • Seix
            • Salau
    		Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 623-632.
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Spessart Mts
          • Aschaffenburg
            • Dörrmorsbach
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Tittling
            • Stützersdorf
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Hesse
      • Odenwald
        • Bensheim
          • Roßbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Nieder-Ramstadt
          • Kirchberg Mt.
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Brunsbüttel
        • Buchholz - Kuden area
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Kykládes Prefecture
        • Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon)
          • Andros Island
            • Vasilikon Mt
    		No reference listed
    India
     
    • Madhya Pradesh
    		Roy, S., and Purkait, P.K. (1968): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 20, 86-114.
      • Jhabua District
    		Am Min 90:2-3 pp304-309
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Fenis
        • Clavalité Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d\\\'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo \\\"F. Eusebio\\\" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Nus
        • Saint-Barthélemy
    		• Barresi, A.A., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Ambrino, P., Bracco, R., Bonacina, E. (2005): La miniera di manganese di Varenche (Aosta, Italia nord-occidentale): ardennite, arseniopleite, manganberzeliite, pirofanite, sarkinite, thortveitite, nuovo As-Sc-analogo della metavariscite e altre specie. Micro (località), 2/2005, 81-122.
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Das Mohs'sche Mineralsystem; 1853 Wien
      • Valtournanche Valley
        • Valtournanche
          • Breuil-Cervinia
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d\'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo \"F. Eusebio\" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d\'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo \"F. Eusebio\" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Varenna Valley
    		Antofilli, Borgo, Palenzona, 1985. I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. Edizioni Melita, La Spezia.
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
    		Redazionale (2005): Sistematica ligure: resoconto 2005. Notiziario di Mineralogia del Ferrania Club, 19 , 3-5.
            • Reppia
    		Redazione (2005): Sistematica ligure: resoconto 2005. Notiziario di Mineralogia Ferrania Club, 19, 3-5.
      • La Spezia Province
        • Vara Valley
          • Borghetto Vara
    		Palenzona A., Di Giovanni F., Borgo E. (1988) - La miniera di Manganese di Cerchiara (SP) - Rivista Miner. Ital., Milano, fasc. 4, pp.209-218
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Malenco Valley
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Varaita Valley
          • Bellino
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
          • Pontechianale
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d\'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo \"F. Eusebio\" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Torino Province
        • Chisone Valley
          • Pragelato
            • Troncea Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
          • Usseaux
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d\'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo \"F. Eusebio\" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Orco Valley
    		Barresi, A., Orlandi, P., Pasero, M. (2007): History of ardennite and the new mineral ardennite-(V). European Journal of Mineralogy, 19, 581-587.
    ME Ciriotti; Minnigh, L.D. (1978a): Petrological and structural investigations of the Sparone area in the Orco valley (southern Sesia-Lanzo border zone, western Italian Alps). University of Leiden Dissertation, 121 pp.
    Benna, P., Pognante, U., Malarico, F. (1988): Incomplete blueschist re-crystallization in high-grade metamorphics from the Sesia-Lanzo unit (Vasario-Sparone sub-unit, Western Alps): a case history of metastability. Lithos, 21, 129-142.
    (M.E. Ciriotti - 05/04/2008)
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Ala Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
            • Grande Valley
              • Ceres
    		Maccario,G.& Meda,F.(1970):Il giacimento manganesifero di Vernetto,Ceres.Notiziario del Gruppo Mineralogico Piemontese,2(2),9-10.
              • Mezzenile
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d\'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo \"F. Eusebio\" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
            • Lanzo Massif
              • Balangero - Corio area
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d\'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo \"F. Eusebio\" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d\'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo \"F. Eusebio\" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
            • Viù Valley
              • Viù
    		Giovanni Fraccaro collection
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d\'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo \"F. Eusebio\" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associzaione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Vercelli Province
        • Sesia Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Lucca Province
        • Apuan Alps
          • Stazzema
    		Battaglia S., Nannoni R., Orlandi P., 1977. La piemontite del Monte Corchia (Alpi Apuane). Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat., Mem., Serie A, 84: 174-178.
    Biagioni C., 2004. Le mineralizzazioni manganesifere dei Diaspri Auctt. di Vagli (Alpi Apuane, Lucca). Tesina di Laurea inedita, Università di Pisa
    Biagioni C., 2004. Le mineralizzazioni manganesifere dei Diaspri Auctt. di Vagli (Alpi Apuane, Lucca). Tesina di Laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
    Biagioni C., 2004. Le mineralizzazioni manganesifere dei Diaspri Auctt. di Vagli (Alpi Apuane, Lucca). Tesina di Laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
    Biagioni C., 2004. Le mineralizzazioni manganesifere dei Diaspri Auctt. di Vagli (Alpi Apuane, Lucca). Tesina di laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
      • Massa-Carrara Province
        • Apuan Alps
          • Carrara
    		Bonazzi P., Garbarino C., Menchetti S., 1992. Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy. Eur. J. Miner., 4: 23-33.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Abashiri Province
        • Tokoro-gun
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Yamanashi Prefecture
          • Kohsai
    		A. Kato et al. , Bull. Minéral., 1981, 104, pp. 396-399, France.
      • Chugoku region
        • Shimane Prefecture
          • Ohchi-gun
    		Chihiro Fukuda and Masahide Akasaka (2005) Annual Meeting, JAMP, 2005.
      • Kanto Region
        • Kanagawa Prefecture
          • Hadano City
    		Mineralogical Journal Vol. 17 (1994) , No. 5 pp 211-218
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu-gun
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Kyushu Island
      • Nagasaki Prefecture
        • Nishisonogi-gun
    		Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu University, Ser. D, 5, 185-198 (1957)
    Sasaki, N., Yano, M. & Matsuyama, F. (2002): Ardennite from the Tone mine, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Chigaku Kenkyu 51, 67-72. (in Japanese) ; Masutomi Museum specimens, Kyoto.
    • Shikoku Island
      • Ehime prefecture
        • Iyomishima
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Fukushima, H., Minakawa, T. & Nishio, D. (2005): Ba-rich tweddillite from the Kamisugai mine in the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, Shikoku, Japan. Ganseki Kobutsu Kagaku 34, 69-76. (in Japanese)
        • Niihama
    		Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970); Katou, T. (2007) Suisyou, 19, 22-23.
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
        • Uma-gun
          • Doi
    		Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970); Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Kochi Prefecture
    		Masaki Enami (1986) Mineralogical Journal, 13, 151-160.
    No reference listed
      • Tokushima Prefecture
    		Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto)
    Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tachgagalt (Tachguagalt)
    		FAVREAU G. & DIETRICH J.E. (2006) Tachgagalt (Maroc), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 93, 37-71. (in French)
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Otago
        • Queenstown
    		C. Lemanski, Jr. collection (6782CL); Chemical Geology 48, 57-78
    Norway
     
    • Oppland
      • Lom
        • Ottaelva
    		Garmo, T.(1974):"Litt om thulittforekomsten i Søre Lia i Lom" NAGS-nytt nr 1, 4
    • Sogn og Fjordane
    		Mineralien-Welt 19 (2), 29-31 (2008)
    • Sør-Trøndelag
      • Oppdal
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    • Telemark
      • Hjartdal
        • Sauland
    		Neumann, H. & Svinndal, S.(1955): The Cyprin-Thulite deposit at Øvstebø, near Kleppan in Sauland, Telemark, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 34,139-156
      • Tokke
        • Botnedal
    		Wel, D.van der. (1999): The Minerals of the Brandsnuten Manganes Deposit, Tokke, Norway. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 15: 74-86
    Republic of Macedonia
     
    • Veles
    		Schweiz. mineral. petrogr. Mitt. (1994) 74, 321-328
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
    • Northern Region
      • Komi Republic
        • Prepolar Ural
          • upper part of the Kozhim river basin
            • Maldynyrd (Maldy-nyrd) range
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    P.M. Kartashov data
              • Grubependity Lake
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic
          • Sibay
    		Brusnitsyn, A.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(3), 193-214.
    • Western-Siberian Region
    		[Mineralien Welt 6/92:62]
        • Tyumenskaya Oblast'
    		[Lapis 1995:3 p13-35]
          • Tel'pos-Iz Mt
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Serbia
     
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
    		[MinRec 22:187]
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		MinRecord 9:137-153
    Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Huelva
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 961-970.
    Sweden
     
    • Ångermanland
      • Kramfors
    • Hälsingland
      • Ljusdal
    		No reference listed
    • Lappland
      • Ultevis
    Wilke Band 4 Skandinavien
    Wilke Band 4 Skandinavien
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		No reference listed
    • Skåne
      • Bromölla
        • Näsum
    		Kjell Gatedal
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Nordmark
    		K.Gatedal
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		No reference listed
      • Lindesberg
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Albula Valley
        • Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass)
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 304.
          • Tinizong (Tinzen)
    		[var: Strontian Piemontite] Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 304.
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 304.
      • Bregaglia Valley (Bergell)
        • Forno Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 152.
        • Maroz Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 304.
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Maggia Valley
        • Campo Valley
          • Linescio
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 152.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Les Bagnes Valley
        • Mauvoisin
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 83
      • Zermatt - Saas Fee area
        • Matt Valley
          • Täsch Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 304.
        • Saas Valley
          • Saas Fee
            • Fee Glacier
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 304.
    Tanzania
     
    • Dodoma Region
      • Kongwa
    		www.min.uni-kiel.de/petrographie/schenk/projekte/tansania/mautia/dmg_mautia.pdf.
    Turkey
     
    • Marmara Region
      • Bursa Province
        • Tavşanlı Zone
          • Harmancık
    		Okay, A.I. (1997): Mineralogical Magazine 61, 835-843.
    UK
     
    • Wales
      • Gwynedd (Caernarvonshire)
        • Llanberis
        • Lleyn Peninsula
          • Llanfaelrhys
            • Rhiw
    		BMS Collection
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Huachuca Mts
          • Hartford District (Huachuca Mountains District)
    		David Garske
        • Sulphur Springs Valley
          • Pearce area
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328; Lausen (1927b), Piedmontite from Sulphur Springs Valley, AZ, Am.Min.: 12: 283-287; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 100.
      • Maricopa Co.
        • Phoenix
          • Phoenix Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328.
      • Pima Co.
        • Santa Rita Mts
          • Old Baldy District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328; Guild, F.N. (1935), Piemontite in AZ, Am.Min.: 20: 679-692; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 100.
        • Tohono O'odom (Papago) Indian Reservation
          • Comobabi Mts
            • Kovaya Hills
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 179; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of Arizona, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of AZ, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56.
        • Tucson Mts
          • Amole District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 100; Guild, F.N. (1935), Piedmontite in Arizona, Am.Min.: 20: 679-692.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 145; Guild, F.N. (1935), Piedmontite in AZ, Am.Min.: 20: 679-692.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Casa Grande District
          • Casa Grande
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328.
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Bradshaw Mts (Bradshaw Range)
          • Prescott District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328; Krieger, M.H. (1965), Geology of the Prescott and Paulden quadrangles, AZ, USGS PP 467.
    • California
      • Kern Co.
        • Lost Hills
    		Reed, Ralph Daniel & J.P. Bailey (1927), Subsurface correlation by means of heavy minerals: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin: 11: 363; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 288; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 466, 484.
    Reed, Ralph Daniel & J.P. Bailey (1927), Subsurface correlation by means of heavy minerals: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin: 11: 363; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 102.
    AmMin 20:737
        • Santa Catalina Island
          • Escondido Canyon
    		Bailey, Edgar H. (1940), Piedmontite and kyanite from the Franciscan of Santa Catalina Island (abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin 51: 1955; Bailey, Edgar H. (1941a), Mineralogy, petrology and geology of Santa Catalina Island, California: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University: 61-62; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485.
      • Madera Co.
        • Agnew Meadows
    		Trask, Parker Davies (1950) Geologic description of the manganese deposits of California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 152, 378 pp.: 103; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485.
    Am Min 18:493
      • Monterey Co.
    		Bradley, W.W. (1933), Twenty-ninth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 29: 243; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 289.
      • Plumas Co.
      • Riverside Co.
    		CDMG OFR 94-11 " Mineral Land Classification of the Eastern Half of Riverside Co. CA"
    Alfors, John T. (1964), Piemontite from Shadow Lake: California Division Mines & Geology Mineral Information Service: 17: 210; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 289; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485.
        • Whitewater
          • Painted Hills
    		Bradley, W.W. (1942), Thirty-eighth report of the State Mineralogist: California Division Mines Report 38: 276; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 289.
    Smith, D., and Albee, A.L. (1967): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 16, 189-203.
      • San Diego Co.
    		Rogers, Austin Flint (1912), Notes on rare minerals from California: Columbia University, School of Mines Quarterly: 33: 378; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 289.
      • Tulare Co.
        • Lindsay
    		Alfors, John T. (1964), Piemontite from Shadow Lake: California Division Mines & Geology Mineral Information Service: 17: 210; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 289.
    Alfors, John T. (1964), Piemontite from Shadow Lake: California Division Mines & Geology Mineral Information Service: 17: 210; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 289.
    • Colorado
      • Boulder Co.
        • Wallstreet
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Gunnison Co.
        • Dorchester District
          • Taylor Park
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Bergen Park area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
      • Ouray Co.
        • Sneffels District (Mount Sneffels District)
          • Ouray
    		Min.Rec.:20(5):388 (see also Rocks & Min.:62:9, 64:140-141 & 65:114-149).
      • Routt Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • San Miguel Co.
        • Ouray District (Uncompahgre District)
          • Telluride
    		Rocks & Min.:59:34 & 64:144.
    • Georgia
    		http://gamineral.org
    • Massachusetts
      • Middlesex Co.
    		Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
      • Norfolk Co.
    		Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
    • Missouri
      • Iron Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Potosi District
          • Adam Peak
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lyon Co.
        • Yerington District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Rawhide District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Black Diablo District
    		NBMG Bull 89 Geology and Mineral Resources of Pershing County, Nevada
      • Washoe Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Verdi
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Jenkins, R.E., II: The Picking Table:35(1):16-24 (1994); Dunn(1995):Pt3:407.
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
      • Sierra Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Taos Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
        • Picuris District
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    A Listing of North Carolina Minerals- Leonard S. Wiener and Sigrid Ballew-1995
      • Chatham Co.
        • Chestnut Hill Quarry
    		Stoddard,Edward F.,2004,Petrographic Characteristics Of Rock Samples From Selected Archaeological Quarry Sites,Central North Carolina Piedmont, Paper No.24-5
    • Pennsylvania
      • Adams Co.
        • Iron Springs
        • Menallen Township
    		 The Geology and Mineral Resources of Adams County, Pennsylvania, Stose, George W., 1932.
    • Rhode Island
      • Providence Co.
    		Miller, 1972. Minerals of Rhode Island.
    • South Dakota
      • Lawrence Co.
        • Galena District
          • Roubaix
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    • Texas
      • Llano Co.
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
    • Virginia
      • Halifax Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Washington
      • King Co.
        • North Bend
          • Hansen Creek
    		self collected
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