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Plumbonacrite

Big Photo

Clara Mine, Rankach valley, Oberwolfach, Wolfach, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
© Stephan Wolfsried

Formula:
Pb
 
5
O(OH)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
System:TrigonalHardness:3½


This compound exists in nature, but is presently not approved as a mineral. It is closely related to hydrocerussite, but has a different chemical composition (less carbonate), unit cell and space group (P-3c1, Weil et al., unpublished data; note that the space group given in Krivovichev & Burns, 2000, is incorrect).
Plumbonacrite has a narrow stability field (Taylor & Lopata, 1984).

Classification of Plumbonacrite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/C.08-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:5.BE.15

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
E : With Pb, Bi
Dana 8th edition ID:16a.5.1.1

16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : Miscellaneous
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Type Occurrence of Plumbonacrite

Type Locality:Wanlockhead, Dumfries & Galloway (Dumfries-shire), Scotland, UK
Year of Discovery:1889

Physical Properties of Plumbonacrite

Hardness (Mohs):3½

Crystallography of Plumbonacrite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:P3c1 {P3 2/c 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 9.092Å, c = 24.923Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 2.741
Unit Cell Volume:V 1784.3 ų
Z:6
Morphology:Thin hexagonal plates.

Chemical Properties of Plumbonacrite

Formula:
Pb
 
5
O(OH)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
Essential elements:C, H, O, Pb
All elements listed in formula:C, H, O, Pb

Relationship of Plumbonacrite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
5.BE.05Shannonite
Pb
 
2
[O|CO
 
3
]
5.BE.10Hydrocerussite
Pb
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
5.BE.20Phosgenite
Pb
 
2
[Cl
 
2
|CO
 
3
]
5.BE.25Bismutite
(BiO)
 
2
CO
 
3
5.BE.30Kettnerite
(BiO)Ca[F|CO
 
3
]
5.BE.35Beyerite
Ca(BiO)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
2

Other Names for Plumbonacrite

Synonyms:
Plumbonakrite
Other Languages:
German:Plumbonacrit
Plumbonakrit
Russian:Плюмбонакрит
Spanish:Plumbonacrita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Plumbonacrite

Reference List:Cowley, J. M. (1956): Electron-diffraction study of the structure of basic lead carbonate, (PbCO3)2.Pb(OH)2. Acta Crystallographica 9, 391-396.

Katz, G. & Lefker, R. (1957): Crystallographic data. Basic lead carbonate, 2PbCO3.Pb(OH)2. Anal. Chem. 29, 1894.

Katz, G. & Reed, L. (1957): Unit cell and space group of basic lead carbonate. Acta Cryst. 10, 142.
Olby, J. K. (1966): Basic lead carbonates. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 28, 2507-2512.

Haacke, D. F. & Williams, P. A. (1981): Stability of plumbonacrite. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 43, 406.

Brooker, M. H., Sunder, S., Taylor, P. and Lopata, V. J. (1983): Infrared and Raman spectra and x-ray diffraction studies of solid lead(II) carbonates. Can. J. Chem. 61(3), 494-502.

Flemming, N. J.; Lopata, V. J.; Sanipelli, B. L.; Taylor, P. (1984): Thermal decomposition of basic lead carbonates: a comparison of hydrocerussite and plumbonacrite. Thermochim. Acta 81, 1-8.

Taylor, P. & Lopata, V. J. (1984): Stability and solubility relationships between some solids in the system lead oxide-carbon dioxide-water. Can. J. Chem. 62, 395-402.

Shoesmith, D. W.; Bailey, M. G. (1988): Anodic oxidation of lead in aqueous carbonate solutions. I. Film formation and dissolution at pH = 12. Can. J. Chem. 66, 2652-2657.

Shoesmith, D. W., Bailey, M. G. & Taylor, P. (1988): Anodic oxidation of lead in aqueous carbonate solutions. II. Film formation and dissolution in the pH range 9 to 14. Can. J. Chem. 66, 2941-2946.

Krivovichev, S. V., Burns, P. C. (2000): Crystal chemistry of basic lead carbonates. II. Crystal structure of synthetic "plumbonacrite". Mineralogical Magazine 64, 1069-1075.

Weil, M., U. Kolitsch & S. Krivovichev, unpublished data.

Internet Links for Plumbonacrite

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    Localities for Plumbonacrite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Lozère
    		No reference listed
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		U. Kolitsch (2000): An assemblage of lead compounds originated due to the influence of concrete from the Clara mine in Middle Black Forest. Erzgräber 14, 48-53. (in German); Uwe Kolitsch (powder X-ray diffraction + SEM-EDS)
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
          • Tateiwa
    		Miyawaki, R., Matsubara, S. and Hashimoto, E., 1997 in Bull. of the National Science Museum, Series C: Geology and Paleontology, v.23: p.27-33.
    Sweden
     
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		S. Krivovichev (unpublished data)
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Dumfries-shire)
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Pinal Co.
        • Mammoth District
          • Tiger
            • St. Anthony deposit
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 332.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 332.
    • Virginia
      • Louisa Co.
        • Gold-Pyrite Belt
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Mineral and/or Locality
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