Mindat Logo
Home Page Log In Message Board The Mindat Directory
Register Search Pages Chat Now! (6 online) Mindat Auctions

Aenigmatite

Big Photo

Eveslogchorr Mt, Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
© Sergey Vasiliev

Show Aenigmatite Photos (13)
Formula:
Na
 
2
Fe
2+
5
TiO
 
2
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)
System:TriclinicColour:Brown, black
Lustre:VitreousHardness:5½ - 6
Name:From the Greek "ainigma," a riddle, alluding to the problematical nature of the mineral.
This page provides mineralogical data about Aenigmatite.

Classification of Aenigmatite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/F.14-20
Strunz 9th edition ID:9.DH.40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DH.40

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
Dana 8th edition ID:69.2.1a.1

69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
2 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with P>2
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.9.34

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
9 : Silicates of Ti
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-33.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Type Occurrence of Aenigmatite

Type Locality:Kangerdluarssuq (Kangerdluarssuk; Kangerdluarsuk) Firth, Ilimaussaq complex, Narsaq, Kitaa (West Greenland) Province, Greenland
Year of Discovery:1865

Physical Properties of Aenigmatite

Lustre:Vitreous
Colour:Brown, black
Streak:Reddish brown
Hardness (Mohs):5½ - 6
Cleavage:Perfect

Crystallography of Aenigmatite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:P1
Cell Parameters:a = 10.415(1) Å, b = 10.840(1) Å, c = 8.931(1) Å
α = 105.107(4)°, β = 96.610(5)°, γ = 125.398(4)°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.961 : 1 : 0.824
Unit Cell Volume:V 746.8 ų

Optical Data of Aenigmatite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.780 - 1.800 nβ = 1.800 - 1.820 nγ = 1.870 - 1.900
2V:Measured: 27° to 55°, Calculated: 56° to 60°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.090 - 0.100

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:single

Chemical Properties of Aenigmatite

Formula:
Na
 
2
Fe
2+
5
TiO
 
2
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)
Essential elements:Fe, Na, O, Si, Ti
All elements listed in formula:Fe, Na, O, Si, Ti
Common Impurities:Al,Mn,Mg,Ca,K,Cl

Relationship of Aenigmatite to other Species

Member of Group:
Aenigmatite Group:
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DH.05Leucophanite
NaCaBeSi
 
2
O
 
6
F
9.DH.10Ohmilite
Sr
 
3
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)[(O,OH)|(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
 
2
] · 2-3H
 
2
O
9.DH.15Haradaite
SrVSi
 
2
O
 
7
9.DH.15Suzukiite
BaVSi
 
2
O
 
7
9.DH.20Batisite
Na
 
2
BaTi
 
2
[O|Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
 
2
9.DH.20Shcherbakovite
Na(K,Ba)
 
2
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
[O|Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
 
2
9.DH.25Taikanite
Sr
 
3
BaMn
2+
2
[O|Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
 
2
9.DH.30Krauskopfite
BaSi
 
2
O
 
5
·3H
 
2
O
9.DH.35Balangeroite
(Mg,Fe,Fe,Mn)
 
42
Si
 
16
O
 
54
(OH)
 
40
9.DH.35Gageite
Mn
 
21
O
 
3
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)
 
2
(OH)
 
20
9.DH.40Dorrite
Ca
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Fe
3+
4
[O
 
2
|Al
 
4
Si
 
2
O
 
18
]
9.DH.40Høgtuvaite
(Ca,Na)
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)
 
6
[O
 
2
|Be(Si,Al)
 
5
O
 
18
]
9.DH.40Krinovite
Na
 
2
Mg
 
4
Cr
3+
2
[O
 
2
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.DH.40Makarochkinite
Ca
 
2
Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
Ti[O
 
2
|BeAlSi
 
4
O
 
18
]
9.DH.40Rhönite
Ca
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)
 
6
[O
 
2
|(Si,Al)
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.DH.40Serendibite
(Ca,Na)
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
[O
 
2
|(Si,Al,B)
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.DH.40Welshite
Ca
 
4
Mg
 
9
Sb
 
3
O
 
4
[Si
 
6
Be
 
3
AlFe
 
2
O
 
36
]
9.DH.40Wilkinsonite
Na
 
2
Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
2
[O
 
2
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.DH.45Sapphirine
(Mg,Fe)
 
4-x
Al
 
4+x
[Al
 
4+x
Si
 
2-x
O
 
18
]O
 
2
9.DH.50Khmaralite
(Mg,Al,Fe)
 
16
[(Al,Si,Be)
 
12
O
 
36
]O
 
4
9.DH.55Surinamite
(Mg,Fe)
 
3
Al
 
4
BeSi
 
3
O
 
16
9.DH.60Deerite
(Fe,Mn)
 
6
(Fe,Al)
 
3
Si
 
6
O
 
20
(OH)
 
5
9.DH.65Howieite
Na(Fe,Mn)
 
10
(Fe,Al)
 
2
Si
 
12
O
 
31
(OH)
 
13
9.DH.65Taneyamalite
(Na,Ca)(Mn,Mg,Fe)
 
12
Si
 
12
(O,OH)
 
44
9.DH.70Johninnesite
Na
 
2
Mn
2+
9
Mg
 
7
(OH)
 
8
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
[Si
 
6
O
 
17
]
 
2
9.DH.75Agrellite
NaCa
 
2
[F|Si
 
4
O
 
10
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.9.1Natisite
Na
 
2
Ti[O|SiO
 
4
]
14.9.2Lorenzenite
Na
 
2
Ti
 
2
[O
 
3
|Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
14.9.3Lintisite
LiNa
 
3
Ti
 
2
[O|Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.9.4Davanite
K
 
2
TiSi
 
6
O
 
15
14.9.5Kazakovite
Na
 
6
Ti[Si
 
6
O
 
16
(OH)
 
2
]
14.9.6Titanite
CaTi[O|SiO
 
4
]
14.9.7Ohmilite
Sr
 
3
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)[(O,OH)|(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
 
2
] · 2-3H
 
2
O
14.9.8Lamprophyllite
(Sr,K,Ba)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
[O|(O,OH,F)|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
14.9.9Benitoite
BaTi[Si
 
3
O
 
9
]
14.9.10Batisite
Na
 
2
BaTi
 
2
[O|Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
 
2
14.9.11Fresnoite
Ba
 
2
Ti[O|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
14.9.12Joaquinite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
NaCe
 
2
FeTi
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
26
(OH,F) · H
 
2
O
14.9.13Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
NaCe
 
2
FeTi
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
26
(O,OH) · H
 
2
O
14.9.14Strontiojoaquinite
Sr
 
2
Ba
 
2
(Na,Fe)
 
2
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH)
 
2
·H
 
2
O
14.9.15Bario-orthojoaquinite
(Ba,Sr)
 
4
Fe
 
2
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
26
·H
 
2
O
14.9.16Strontio-orthojoaquinite
Sr
 
2
Ba
 
2
(Na,Fe)
 
2
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH)
 
2
·H
 
2
O
14.9.17Bafertisite
Ba(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti[O|(O,OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
14.9.18Hejtmanite
Ba(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti[O|(OH,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
14.9.19Delindeite
(Na,K)
 
2.7
(Ba,Ca)
 
4
(Ti,Fe,Al)
 
6
Si
 
8
O
 
26
(OH)
 
14
14.9.20Barytolamprophyllite
(Ba,Na)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
[O|(OH,F)|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
14.9.21Trimounsite-(Y)
Y
 
2
Ti
 
2
[O
 
5
|SiO
 
4
]
14.9.22Perrierite-(Ce)
Ce
 
4
MgFe
3+
2
Ti
4+
2
O
 
8
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
14.9.23Chevkinite
(Ca,Ce,Th)
 
4
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
3
Si
 
4
O
 
22
14.9.24Strontiochevkinite
(Sr,La,Ce,Ca)
 
4
Fe
3+
 
(Ti,Zr)
 
2
Ti
 
2
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
14.9.25Tisinalite
Na
 
3
H
 
3
(Mn,Ca,Fe)TiSi
 
6
(O,OH)
 
18
·2H
 
2
O
14.9.26Neptunite
Na
 
2
KLi(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti
 
2
[Si
 
8
O
 
24
]
14.9.27Manganoneptunite
Na
 
2
KLi(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti
 
2
[Si
 
8
O
 
24
]
14.9.28Kupletskite
(K,Na)
 
3
(Mn,Fe)
 
7
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
26
(OH)
 
4
F
14.9.29Astrophyllite
(K,Na)
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
7
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH)
 
7
14.9.30Hydroastrophyllite
(H
 
3
O,K,Ca)
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
5-65
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
(O,OH)
 
31
14.9.31Magnesioastrophyllite
(Na,K)
 
4
Mg
 
2
(Fe,Fe,Mn)
 
5
Ti
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH,F)
 
7
14.9.32Baratovite
KCa
 
7
(Ti,Zr)
 
2
Li
 
3
Si
 
12
O
 
36
F
 
2
14.9.35Schorlomite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
[(Si,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)O
 
4
]
 
3
14.9.36Tinaksite
K
 
2
Na(Ca,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti[O|Si
 
7
O
 
18
(OH)]
14.9.37Janhaugite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
(Ti,Zr,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
15
(OH,F,O)
 
3
14.9.38Koashvite
Na
 
6
(Ca,Mn)(Ti,Fe)Si
 
6
O
 
18
·H
 
2
O

Other Names for Aenigmatite

Synonyms:
CossyriteCosyriteKölbingite
Other Languages:
Dutch:Aenigmatiet
German:Aenigmatit
Cosyrit
Kölbingit
Italian:Enigmatite
Russian:Энигматит
Spanish:Aenigmatita
Cosyrita
Kölbingita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Aenigmatite

Reference List:Mineralogical Magazine (1976): 40: 595-598.

American Mineralogist: 56: 427-446.

Grew, E.S., Halenius, U., M. Pasero : The crystal chemistry of aenigmatite revisited: electron microprobe data, structure refinement and Mossbauer spectroscopy of aenigmatite from Vesteroya (Norway): European J. Mineralogy 20, 983-991.

Internet Links for Aenigmatite

Search Engines:
  • Look for Aenigmatite on Google
  • Look for Aenigmatite images on Google
    • External Links:
  • Look for Aenigmatite on Webmineral
  • Look for Aenigmatite on Athena Mineralogy
  • Look for Aenigmatite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Aenigmatite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Aenigmatite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Aenigmatite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
    • Mineral Dealers:
  • Fabre Minerals - search for Aenigmatite specimens
  • rare and unusual minerals mainly crystallized
  • Buy Fine Minerals from mineralsweb.com
  • Buy minerals from Mineralium.com
  • SpiriferMinerals.com - high quality specimens
  • Mineral Classics - Worldwide Collector Quality Minerals and Gems
  • Rare and Unusual minerals at Mineralogical Research Company
  • High-end worldwide specimens & outstanding customer service
  • Buy from David K Joyce minerals
  • Wendel Minerals - Auktion & Shop
  • Buy Minerals and Crystals from Crystalarium.com
  • Wilensky Fine Minerals
    • Jobs:
  • Mining & Geology Jobs

    • Page Sponsor

    Sponsorship:This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.

    Localities for Aenigmatite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Central Plateau
        • Interlaken
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
      • Huon district
    		No reference listed
    Cameroon
     
    • North Region
    		Ngounouno, I., Moreau, Ch., Deruelle, B., Demaiffe, D., Montigny, R. (2001): Petrologie du complexe alcalin sous-sature de Kokoumi (Cameroun), Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France; November 2001; vol. 172; no. 6; p. 675-686
    • South-West Region
      • Buea
        • Cameroon Mt.
    		Nkoumbou, C., Deruelle, B., Velde, D. (1995): Petrology of Mt Etinde Nephelinite Series, Journal of Petrology, Vol. 36, no 2, p. 373-395
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Liard Mining Division
    		Am. Min. , 1974, 59, pp.820-829.
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Labrador
    		\"Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences,\" G.J. Orris and R.I. Grauch, Open File Report 02-189, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.
    http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/can.htm
    China
     
    • Sichuan Province
      • Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Mianning Co.
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
        • Igaliku (Igaliko)
          • Narssârssuk (Narsarsuk)
    		Petersen Ole V.,Secher K.(1985) - Gronland: Mineralien, Geologie, Geschichte. - Verlag Bode & Partner K.G., Bochum, 87 pagg.
        • Ilimaussaq complex
    		[Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition"] + Petersen, O. V. & Johnsen, O. (2005): Minerals First described from Greenland. Canadian Mineralogist Special Publication 8.
            • Qeqertaussaq Island
    		Soerensen, H. (1962): On the occurrence of Steenstrupine in the Ilimaussaq massif, southwest Greenland, Meddelelser om Groenland, Reitzels Forlag Koebenhavn
          • Tunugdliarfik Firth (Eriksfjord)
    		Petersen, O. V. & Johnsen, O. (2005): Minerals First described from Greenland. Canadian Mineralogist Special Publication 8.; Boeggild, O.B. (1953): The Mineralogy of Greenland, Meddelelser om Groenland, Vol. 149/3, Reitzels Forlag Koebenhavn
    Petersen, O. V. & Johnsen, O. (2005): Minerals First described from Greenland. Canadian Mineralogist Special Publication 8.; Boeggild, O.B. (1953): The Mineralogy of Greenland, Meddelelser om Groenland, Vol. 149/3, Reitzels Forlag Koebenhavn
    Robles, E., Fontan, F., Monchoux, P., Soerensen, H. (2001): Hiortdahlite II from the Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland, South Greenland, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 131-137
        • Nunarssuit Island
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/uni/emi/ag-markl/pages/marks/pages/abstracts/EUG2001.html
        • Quagdlimiut
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    • Tunu (East Greenland) Province
      • Kangerlussuaq Firth
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
      • Kialineq Bay
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    Hungary
     
    • Baranya Co.
      • Mecsek Mts.
        • Szászvár
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    Italy
     
    • Sicily
      • Trapani Province
    		Am Min 51:200-205
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Aichi Prefecture
    		The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
      • Chugoku region
        • Shimane Prefecture
    		The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
    Madagascar
     
    • Antsiranana Province
      • Diana (Northern) Region
        • Ambanja District
          • Ampasindava Peninsula
    		Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Geologique A. 1871
    Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
    Mongolia
     
    • Hovd Aimag (Khovd Aimag)
      • Altai Mts
    		G.M. Tsareva data
          • Mount Ulyn Khuren
    		Kartashov P.M., Voloshin A.V., PakhomovskiiYa.A. On the zonal crystaline gadolinite from the alkaline granite pegmatites of Haldzan Buragtag (Mongolian Altai), - Zapiski VMO, 1993,N3,p. 65-79.
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Namibia
     
    • Khomas Region
      • Windhoek District
        • Windhoek
          • Aris
    		von Knorring, O. and Franke, W. (1987): A preliminary note on the mineralogy and geochemistry of the Aris phonolite, SWA/Namibia. Comm. Geol. Surv. S.W.Africa (Namibia) 3, 61. ; Wartha, R., Palfi, A., Niedermayr, G., Brandstätter, F. and Petersen, O. V. (2001): Der Aris-Phonolith-Komplex und seine Mineralien. In Bahmann, U. and A. (Eds.), Namibia – Zauberwelt edler Steine und Kristalle, Bode-Verlag, Haltern, Germany, pp. 172-179. (in German); [http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/aris.htm]
    New Zealand
     
    Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).; Mineralogical Magazine 1956 31 : 96-106
    NZJGG, 2003, 46: 581-590. NZJGG, 1991, 34: 337-340. NZJGG, 1981, 24: 449-467
    NZJGG, 2003, 46: 581-590. NZJGG, 1991, 34: 337-340. NZJGG, 1981, 24: 449-467
    NZJGG, 2003, 46: 581-590. NZJGG, 1991, 34: 337-340. NZJGG, 1981, 24: 449-467
    • North Island
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    • South Island
      • Otago
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Niger
     
    • Agadez Department
      • Aïr Region
        • South Aïr
    		J. Fabriès and G. Rocci, Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéral. Cristallo., 1965, LXXXVIII, 319-340
    North Korea
     
    • Kangwon Province
      • Pyonggang-gun
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Langesundsfjorden
    		Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Stavern (Fredriksvärn)
    		Åsheim, A. (1994): Hamberg(itt). STEIN 21 (2), 117-119
      • Sandefjord
        • Vesterøya
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
          • Framnes
    		- Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 20, 50-59
    Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 20, 50-59
    Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 20, 50-59
    Raade,G & Larsen, A.O.: "Polylithionite from syenite pegmatite at Vøra, Sandefjord,Oslo Region, Norway. Contributions to the Mineralogy of Norway, no 65" .Norsk Geologisk Tidskrift 60 (1980), 117-124/ Neumann (1985, p. 139).
    Portugal
     
    • Azores District
      • San Miguel Island
    		Ridolfi, F., Renzulli, A., Santi, P., Upton, B.G.J., Evolutionary stages of crystallisation of weakly peralkine syenites: evidence from ejecta in the plinian deposits of Agua de Pau volcano (Sao Miguel, Azores Islands), Mineralogical Magazine, 67(4), 749-767, 2003
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		[World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Pekov, I.V. & Podlesnyi, A.S. (2004): Kukisvumchorr Deposit: Mineralogy of Alkaline Pegmatites and Hydrotermalites. Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 7, 140 pages + xxiv photo's pages
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Am Min 79:1011
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
          • Lovozero Massif
    		[World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
    Saint Helena
     
    • Ascension Island
    		Min.Mag.(1952) 29, 850-857
    Tanzania
     
    • Arusha Region
      • Ngorongoro Conservation Area
    		Journal of Conference Abstracts , Volume 2 Number 1 , vsg - Minsoc '97, http://www.the-conference.com/JConfAbs/2/26.html
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • Strathclyde (Ayrshire)
        • Beith
    		BMS Database
    Ukraine
     
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Coconino Co.
        • San Franciscan volcanic field (San Francisco Peaks; San Francisco Mts)
          • San Francisco Mountain
    		Robinson, Henry H. (1913), The San Franciscan Volcanic Field, AZ, USGS PP 76: 110-112.
    azminerals.com
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 102; Laughlin, A.W., et al (1986), Hetromorphism and crystallization paths of katungites, Navajo volcanic field, AZ, USA, in J. Ross, et al (editor), Kimberlites and related rocks, vol. 1, Geol. Soc. Australia Spec. Pub. 14.
    • Arkansas
      • Pulaski Co.
        • Little Rock
    • California
    		Calif. Div. of Mines & Geol. Bull. #189, Murdoch, et al (1966): 59.
    • Hawaii
      • Maui Co.
        • Maui
          • West Maui
    		AmMin 63:771
    • Idaho
      • Owyhee Co.
        • De Lamar District
    		Mineralogical Record, Sep 1995
    • Maine
      • York Co.
    		Toulmin, P., 1957, Notes on a Peralkaline Granite from Cashes Ledge, Gulf of Maine, American Mineralogist, 42: 912-915
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
    		Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
      • Norfolk Co.
    		Gleba, 1978. Mass. Mineral & Fossil Localities
    • Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Opalite District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Otero Co.
        • Cornudas Mountains
    • Washington
      • Okanogan Co.
        • Golden Horn Batholith
    		Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8; Minerals of Washington, B. Cannon, 1975 (37)
    Yemen
     
    • South Yemen
    		Lunar and Planetary Science XXXII (2001); Zolensky, M. & A.Ivanov, Chemie der Erde 63,185-246(2003)
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
    www.mindat.org Web
    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2009. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them.Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register. Current server date and time: 8th Nov 2009 00:24:22