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Pseudobrookite

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Big Photo

Emmelberg Mt., Üdersdorf, Daun, Eifel Mts, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
© Chinellato Matteo

Show Pseudobrookite Photos (364)



Formula:
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
5
System:OrthorhombicColour:Brownish black, reddish ...
Lustre:Adamantine, Greasy, MetallicHardness:6
Name:From the Greek ψευδής, false, and brookite since its resemblance to brookite is misleading.
Dimorph of:Unnamed (Monoclinic polymorph of Pseudobrookite)


Armalcolite-Pseudobrookite Series.

Compare also Unnamed (Monoclinic polymorph of pseudobrookite).

Classification of Pseudobrookite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/C.24-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.CB.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:7.7.1.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
7 : AB2X5
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.9.16

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti
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Type Occurrence of Pseudobrookite

Type Locality:Uroi Hill (Arany Hill), Simeria, Hunedoara Co., Romania
Year of Discovery:1878

Occurrences of Pseudobrookite

Geological Setting:Magmatic, post-volcanic or young volcanic rocks

Physical Properties of Pseudobrookite

Lustre:Adamantine, Greasy, Metallic
Colour:Brownish black, reddish brown, or black
Streak:Brown
Hardness (Mohs):6
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
On {010}.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):4.33 - 4.39 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.39 g/cm3

Crystallography of Pseudobrookite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 9.81Å, b = 9.95Å, c = 3.73Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.986 : 1 : 0.375
Unit Cell Volume:V 364.08 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals usually tabular {100} and elongated [001]; long prismatic at times or needle-like [001]. {100} and hk0} striated [001].
Twinning:Reported on various {hk0} planes (doubtful).
Crystal Atlas:
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Pseudobrookite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Pseudobrookite no.7 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Epitaxi Comments:Pseudobrookite on hematite with pseudobrokite {121}[21¯0] parallel to hematite {0001}[1¯100].
Pseudobrookite on magnetite with pseudobrookite {100}[001] parallel to magnetite {111}[110].
Oriented inclusions of rutile in pseudobrookite.

Optical Data of Pseudobrookite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 2.350 nβ = 2.390 nγ = 2.420
2V:Measured: 50° , Calculated: 80°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.070

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:none

Chemical Properties of Pseudobrookite

Formula:
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
5
Essential elements:Fe, O, Ti
All elements listed in formula:Fe, O, Ti

Relationship of Pseudobrookite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Armalcolite (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.CB.05Brizziite
NaSb
5+
 
O
 
3
4.CB.05Corundum
Al
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Ecandrewsite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)TiO
 
3
4.CB.05Eskolaite
Cr
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Geikielite
MgTiO
 
3
4.CB.05Hematite
Fe
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Ilmenite
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
3
4.CB.05Karelianite
V
3+
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Melanostibite
Mn
2+
 
(Sb
5+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
3
4.CB.05Pyrophanite
Mn
2+
 
TiO
 
3
4.CB.05Akimotoite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)SiO
 
3
4.CB.05Auroantimonate
AuSbO
 
3
4.CB.05Romanite
(◻,Pb,Ca)UFe
2+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
6
Ti
 
12
O
 
38
4.CB.05UM1998-11-O-AuHSb
Au
+
2
Sb
3+
 
O
 
2
(OH)
4.CB.05Tistarite
Ti
3+
2
O
 
3
4.CB.10Avicennite
Tl
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.10Bixbyite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.15Armalcolite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Ti
 
2
O
 
5
4.CB.15Mongshanite
(Mg,Cr,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Zr)
 
5
O
 
12
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N2S
[(Zn,Al,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)
 
8
O
 
15
(OH)]
 
2
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N6S
[(Zn,Mg)
 
7
(Al,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)
 
16
O
 
31
(OH)]
 
2
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S
[(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Al,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
8
O
 
15
(OH)]
 
6
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S
[(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Zn)
 
4
(Al,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
10
O
 
19
(OH)]
 
2
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S
[(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
[Al
 
7
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)]O
 
15
(OH)]
 
2
4.CB.20Ferrohögbomite-6N12S
[(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Zn)
 
5
(Al,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
12
O
 
23
(OH)]
 
6
4.CB.25Pseudorutile
Fe
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.30Berdesinskiite
V
3+
2
TiO
 
5
4.CB.30Oxyvanite
V
3+
2
V
4+
 
O
 
5
4.CB.35Olkhonskite
(Cr,V)
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.35Schreyerite
V
3+
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.40Kamiokite
Fe
 
2
Mo
 
3
O
 
8
4.CB.40Nolanite
(V
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ti)
 
10
O
 
14
(OH)
 
2
4.CB.40Rinmanite
Zn
 
2
Sb
 
2
Mg
 
2
Fe
 
4
O
 
14
(OH)
 
2
4.CB.45Claudetite
As
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.45Stibioclaudetite
AsSbO
 
3
4.CB.50Arsenolite
As
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.50Sénarmontite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.55Valentinite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.60Bismite
Bi
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.65Sphaerobismoite
Bi
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.70Sillénite
Bi
 
12
SiO
 
20
4.CB.75Kyzylkumite
BeV
3+
2
TiO
 
6
4.CB.80Tietaiyangite
Fe
3+
4
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
9
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.9.1Hongquiite
TiO
7.9.2Rutile
TiO
 
2
7.9.3Anatase
TiO
 
2
7.9.4Brookite
TiO
 
2
7.9.5Geikielite
MgTiO
 
3
7.9.6Perovskite
CaTiO
 
3
7.9.7Kassite
CaTi
 
2
O
 
4
(OH)
 
2
7.9.8Tausonite
SrTiO
 
3
7.9.9Crichtonite
(Sr,La,Ce,Y)(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Mn)
 
21
O
 
38
7.9.10Lucasite-(Ce)
CeTi
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
7.9.11Hibonite
(Ca,Ce)Al
 
12
O
 
19
7.9.12Yttrocrasite-(Y)
(Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
7.9.13Pyrophanite
Mn
2+
 
TiO
 
3
7.9.14Iwakiite
Mn(Fe,Mn)
 
2
O
 
4
7.9.15Ilmenite
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
3
7.9.17Ulvöspinel
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
4
7.9.18Pseudorutile
Fe
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
7.9.19Freudenbergite
Na
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
8
O
 
16
7.9.20Kennedyite
MgFe
3+
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
10
7.9.21Armalcolite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Ti
 
2
O
 
5
7.9.22Högbomite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Al,Ti)
 
5
O
 
10
7.9.23Qandilite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)O
 
4
7.9.24Cafetite
(Ca,Mg)(Fe,Al)
 
2
Ti
 
4
O
 
12
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.9.25Loveringite
(Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe,Cr,Mg)
 
21
O
 
38
7.9.26Lindsleyite
(Ba,Sr)(Ti,Zr,Fe,Cr)
 
21
O
 
38
7.9.27Priderite
(K,Ba)(Ti,Fe)
 
8
O
 
16
7.9.28Jeppeite
(K,Ba)
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
6
O
 
13
7.9.29Ankangite
Ba(Ti,V
3+
 
,Cr)
 
8
O
 
16
7.9.30Ecandrewsite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)TiO
 
3
7.9.31Landauite
NaMnZn
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
6
Ti
 
12
O
 
38

Other Names for Pseudobrookite

Other Languages:
German:Pseudobrookit
Russian:Псевдобрукит
Simplified Chinese:铁板钛矿
Spanish:Pseudobrookita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Pseudobrookite

Reference List:

- +
Koch, A. (1878): "XXII. Neue Minerale aus dem Andesit des Aranyer Berges in Siebenbürgen", Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 1, Neue Folge, 331-361.

Pauling (1930) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 73: 97.

Palache, C. (1934), American Mineralogist: 19: 14.

Palache, C. (1935), American Mineralogist: 20: 660.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 736-738.

Bowles, J.F. (1988) Definition and range of composition of naturally occurring minerals with the pseudobrookite structure. American Mineralogist (1988): 73: 1377.

Internet Links for Pseudobrookite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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    • Localities for Pseudobrookite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    • Tamanghasset Province
      • Ahaggar Mts (Hoggar Mts)
        • Laouni
    		J.P. Lorand and J.Y. Cottin, Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 373-378.
    Australia
     
    • Victoria
      • City of Greater Geelong
        • Anakie
    		W. D. Birch et al, Australian Journal of Mineralogy (in press)
      • Moyne Shire
        • Mortlake
    		U. Kolitsch (SXRD); Birch, W. D., Wood, A., White, A. J. R., Mills, S. J. and Freeman, R. (2008): Aegirine-augite crystals in scoria from Mt Shadwell and Mt Anakie, Victoria, Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 14, 37-42.
    Austria
     
    • Burgenland
      • Oberpullendorf
        • Kobersdorf
          • Pauliberg Mt.
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993); U. Kolitsch, W. Postl, H.-P. Bojar and W. Trattner (2009): Die Mineralvorkommen im Basalt des Pauliberges. In: Autorenkollektiv (Red. M. A. Götzinger und P. Huber) (2009): Die Mineralien des Burgenlandes - Geologie, Mineralogie und mineralische Rohstoffe. – Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten aus dem Burgenland, Band 126, Amt der Burgenländischen Landesregierung, Abteilung 7 - Landesmuseum, Eisenstadt, 83-99.
    • Styria
      • Graz
        • Wildon
          • Weitendorf
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Virgen valley
          • Prägraten
            • Dorferbach valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Brazil
     
    • Paraná
      • Foz do Iguaçu
    		Geological Survey Professional Paper 327 (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1959)
    Bulgaria
     
    • Pazardzhik (Pazardjik) Oblast
      • Panagyurishte (Panagurishte) Obshchina
        • Panagyurishte
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Huasco Province
        • Freirina
          • Sierra La Totora district
    		Bournat C. (1974); "Estudios geológico del sector de Freirina; UN, Chile.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Liberec Region
    		Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Třebíč
    		Novák, M. & Škoda, R. (2007): Mn3+-rich andalusite to kanonaite and their breakdown products from metamanganolite at Kojetice near Třebíč, the Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic. Journal of Geosciences, 52(1-2), 161-167.
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • Le Puy-en-Velay
          • Espaly-Saint-Marcel
    		D. BARRIER, G. POURTIER & P. MEDARD, 2004, Minéralogie du Mont Denise (Haute-Loire), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 83, pp 3-8
        • Solignac-sur-Loire
          • Le Brignon
    		P & E Médard collection
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Besse-et-Saint-Anastaise
          • Murol
    		Queneau Patrice collection
        • Pontgibaud
          • Saint-Ours-les-Roches
    		Vernay, R. (1996) - Le Puy de Lemptégy, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, (1), 12-17.
    Mboungou-Kongo J.B. (2002), L'hématite spéculaire du puy de Tunisset, Chaîne des Puys (Puy de Dôme), Le Régne Minéral, n°46, pp: 51-55
        • Rochefort-Montagne
          • Le Mont-Dore
    		A. Lacroix (1905) Minéralogie de la France
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Odenwald
        • Eberbach
          • Katzenbuckel Mt.
    		Stahle, V., Koch, M., McCammon, C. A., Mann, U. & Markl, G. (2002): Occurrence of low-Ti and high-Ti freudenbergite in alkali syenite dikes from the Katzenbuckel volcano, southwestern Germany. Canadian Mineralogist 40, 1609-1627.
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Aachen
        • Stolberg
    International Association of Collectors of Slag Minerals, 9 (3), 3-6
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Andernach
          • Eich
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der basaltischen Gesteine im Laacher Vulkangebiet, Der Aufschluß, Heft 2, 1975
          • Kruft
    		Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922
          • Nickenich
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
        • Bad Breisig
          • Brohl-Lützing (Niederlützingen)
    		Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922
        • Daun
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 2. Auflage) 1987
          • Oberstadtfeld
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München (2. Auflage), 1987
          • Strohn
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Üdersdorf
    		Schäfer, H., Die Mineralien der Einschlüsse und Auswürflinge in den Schlacken des Emmelberges bei Üdersdorf / Eifel, Der Aufschluss 30, 273-282, 1979
    Guth, G., Interessante Neufunde für den Basaltbruch Liley (Löley) bei Üdersdorf in der Westeifel Mineralien-Welt 2/2000
        • Gerolstein
          • Roth
    		Hentschel, G.(1987): Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 2. Auflage
        • Hillesheim
    		Hentschel, G., Die Lavaströme der Graulai: eine neue Fundstelle in der Westeifel, Lapis, Weise Verlag München, 09/1993
          • Oberbettingen
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, (2. Auflage), 1987
          • Walsdorf
    		Hentschel, G.(1987): Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 2. Auflage
        • Kelberg
          • Drees
    		Schüller, W., Die Mineralien des Niveligsberges bei Drees in der Eifel, Der Aufschluß SB 33, 1990
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Kolitsch,U., Neue Funde aus der Vukaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/2003
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Kolitsch,U., Neue Funde aus der Vukaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/2003
    Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Kolitsch,U., Neue Funde aus der Vukaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/2003
              • Wingertsberg Mt.
    		Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Kolitsch,U., Neue Funde aus der Vulkaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/2003
        • Manderscheid
          • Bettenfeld
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
            • Bellerberg volcano
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise (München), 1983
          • Hochsimmer volcano
            • St Johann
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Mendig
          • Bell
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der basaltischen Gesteine im Laacher Vulkangebiet, Der Aufschluß, Heft 2, 1975
          • Niedermendig
            • Wingertsberg Mt.
    		collection C.&H. Schäfer
        • Niederzissen
          • Burgbrohl
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
          • Wassenach
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der basaltischen Gesteine im Laacher Vulkangebiet, Der Aufschluß, Heft 2, 1975
        • Polch
          • Ochtendung
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Lapis 1988(7+8), 70-72
        • Ulmen
          • Utzerath
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
      • Meiningen
    		Schüller, A. (1953): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 3(6), 472-494.
    Greece
     
    • Macedonia Department
      • Kozáni Prefecture
        • Kozáni and Grevena prefectures border area
          • Vourinos Mt ophiolite complex
    		No reference listed
    www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/doc/abstracts/cm5_Vol36_Oct98.pdf.
    Hungary
     
    • Nógrád Co.
      • Mátra Mts.
        • Mátrakeresztes
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Bard
    		Ch. Wagner and D. Velde, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 173-187.
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
    • Latium
      • Viterbo Province
        • Vico Lake
    		No reference listed
    • Sardinia
      • Oristano Province
        • Mt. Arci
          • Marrubiu
    		Bortolozi G. (1986) - Mullite e Pseudobrookite del M. Arci (Or) - Riv. Mineral. Ital. , Milano, Fasc. 3, pag. 136
    • Sicily
      • Catania Province
        • Etna Volcanic Complex
          • Biancavilla
    		Gianfagna, A. & Oberti, R.(2001): Fluoro-edenite from Biancavilla (Catania, Sicily, Italy): crystal chemistry of a new amphibole end-member. American Mineralogist, 86, 1489-1493. - Sicurella, G., Ciriotti, M.E., Gianfagna, A., Mazziotti-Tagliani, S., Blass, G. (2010): Minerali di Monte Calvario, Biancavilla (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 329-368.
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza province
        • Selva di Trissino
    		Daleffe, A., Rigoni M., M.T. (2000): Pseudobrookite di Monte Faldo, Selva di
        • Trissino
          • Faldo Mt.
    		M. Boscardin (2002): " Presenze Mineralogiche significative nei Lessini Vicentini - Studi e Ricerche- Associazione Amici del Museo- Museo Civico "G. Zannato" Montecchio Maggiore (VI). 15 Dicembre 2002, pp. 49-56.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
          • Mt Uzumine
    		Nakajima & Kurosawa (2006), Canadian Mineralogist: 44: 40.
    Mexico
     
    • Durango
      • Mun. de Coneto de Comonfort
        • América-Sapioris (Potrillos) District
          • Sierra de San Francisco
            • Potrillos
    		Panczner(1987): 305.
      • Mun. de Durango
        • Cerro de los Remedios
          • Victoria de Durango
    		"Rock-magnetism and ore microscopy of the magnetite-apatite ore deposit from Cerro de Mercado, Mexico" Earth Planets Space, 53, 181–192, 2001
    • Guanajuato
      • Mun. de San Felipe
        • San Felipe
    		Panczner (1987): 305.
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Bay of Plenty
        • Rotorua
          • Mt. Ngongotaha
    		Martin Stolworthy Collection
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Bamble (Bamle)
        • Havredal (Hafredal)
          • Midtre Havredal
    		Brøgger, W.C. (1888):Om en norsk forekomst af pseudobrookit i store krystaller. Geol.Fören. Förhandl.Stockholm 10: 21-24
    Romania
     
    • Hunedoara Co.
      • Simeria
    		Koch, 1878; König et al., 2001
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    		Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).
    Slovakia
     
    • Prešov Region
      • Vranov nad Topľou Co.
    		Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Aragón
      • Huesca
        • Estopiñán del Castillo
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
        • Sopeira
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    • Cantabria
      • Santander
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Albacete
        • Cancarix
    		E. Salvioli-mariani et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1027-1039.
    • Murcia
      • Cartagena
        • La Aljorra
    		Bowles, J.F.W. (1988). Definition and range of composition of naturally occurring minerals with the pseudobrookite structure. Amer. Min., 73, 1377-1383.
      • Jumilla
        • La Celia
    		- Lewis,W.J. (1883) Mineralogische Notizen 1. Pseudobrookit - Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie,7, 181-182
    Tanzania
     
    • Dodoma Region
      • Kongwa
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 635-645
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • Strathclyde (Argyllshire)
    		Am Min 50:1982-2022
    USA
     
    • Arizona
        • Big Lue Mountains (Big Laue Mountain)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 402.
      • Pima Co.
        • Ajo District
          • Little Ajo Mts
            • Ajo area
              • Batamote Mts
    		Data provided by Janet Clifford, Cleveland Micromineral Symposium
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 336.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Saddle Mountain District
            • Winkelman area
              • Saddle Mountain area
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 336, 376, 399; White, Jr., J.S. (1992), An occurrence of bixbyite, spessartine, topaz and pseudobrookite from Ash Creek near Hayden, AZ, Min.Rec.: 23: 487-492.
        • Hayden
    		MinRecord 23:487-492
    • Arkansas
    		Jay Ellis Ransom,1974, Gems and Minerals of America
    • California
      • Kern Co.
        • Kramer District
          • Boron
    		Morgan, V. and Erd, R.C. (1969) Minerals of the Kramer borate district, California California Division of Mines and Geology Mineral Information Service: 22(9): 165-166; Carnahan, V. (1970), Notes on some minerals from Boron: Bulletin of the Mineralogical Society of Southern California, November: 10; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 174.
    • Colorado
      • Chaffee Co.
        • Nathrop
    		("Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997); USGS Bull 1716C
      • Eagle Co.
        • Gore Mountains
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Larimer Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Park Co.
    		AmMin 84:754-763
    • Montana
      • Garfield Co.
    		www.minsocam.org/msa/Handbook/Davanite.PDF.
    • Nevada
      • Lander Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada; Fries, Carl, Jr., Tin deposits of northern Lander County, Nevada. USGS Bulletin 931-L, p. 279-294, illus., 1942.
    USGS Bulletin 931-1; Tin Deposits of Northern Lander County Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
        • Robinson District
    		Tony Nikischer specimen
    • New Hampshire
      • Grafton Co.
    		Rice, Jack M., Dickey, John S. Jr., and Lyons, John B. (1971): Skeletal Crystallization of Pseudobrookite (American Mineralogist 56:158-162.)
    • New Mexico
      • Catron Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
        • Taylor Creek District
          • Sawmill Creek
    		NMGS 37th Field Conference
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Ronald Gibbs, Microminerals from the Big Lue Mountains, 13th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium, November 14-15, 1992
      • Sierra Co.
    		Min Rec 16:2 p145
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Min Rec 16:2 p137
    New Mexico rocks & minerals: the collecting guide (including maps) By Frank S. Kimbler, Robert J. Narsavage
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    Min.Rec.: 20(5):404.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed. Min Rec, Vol. 20, No. 1, p. 60
      • Taos Co.
        • No Agua District
    		Ramon DeMark and Jessie Kline, New Mexico Mineral Symposium, November 2000
    NMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2000) p.11
    • Oregon
      • Douglas Co.
        • Diamond Lake
    		K. Starnes, personal ID, 1992
    Mineralogical Record Vol 16 Num 2
      • Klamath Co.
    		Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock by Wallace D. Kleck, American Mineralogist Vol 55
    • Utah
      • Beaver Co.
        • Wah Wah Mts
    		Min Rec 10:5 pp261-278
      • Juab Co.
    		No reference listed
    Mineralogical Record, March/April 1995, page 126
    Microprobe 7:9 pp 12-14
    Min Rec 10:5 pp261-278; Bowling, R. (2011) Topaz from Utsh's Maynard Mine Extra Lapis English 14:22-25
    Personally collected by Dr. Scott Campbell.
          • Thomas Range (North)
    		No reference listed
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    J. Holfert, W. Mroch, J. Fuller (1996) A Field Guide to Topaz and Associated Minerals of the Thomas Range, Utah (Topaz Mountain) Vol I HM Publishing 103pp
      • Millard Co.
    		Personally Collected by Dr. Scott Campbell.
      • Piute Co.
        • Marysvale
    		Steve Rust collection
    Mineralogical Magazine 1998 62 : 265-269
    • Wisconsin
      • Marathon Co.
        • Nine Mile pluton
    		Buchholz, T.W., Falster, A.U., and Simmons, WmB. (2007) 34th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, Contributed Papers.
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