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Pyrobelonite

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Big Photo

Iron Monarch open cut, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Pyrobelonite Photos (13)



Formula:
PbMn
2+
 
(VO
 
4
)(OH)
System:OrthorhombicColour:Red, dark red
Hardness:3½
Member of:Adelite-Descloizite Group
Name:
Named by Gustav Flink in 1919 from the Greek πυρ for "fire" and βελόνη for "needle," in allusion to its colour and the acicular habit of its crystals.
Isostructural with:Descloizite-Mottramite Series


Adelite-Descloizite Group.
The Mn2+ analogue of Čechite.

Classification of Pyrobelonite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/B.27-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.BH.40

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
Dana 8th edition ID:41.5.2.3

41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:21.4.17

21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
4 : Vanadates of U, Mn, Fe or Ni
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Type Occurrence of Pyrobelonite

Type Locality:Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
Year of Discovery:1919
Associated Minerals at type locality:
PyrochroiteManganiteHausmanniteCalciteBaryte

Occurrences of Pyrobelonite

Geological Setting:Mineralization in fractures

Physical Properties of Pyrobelonite

Lustre:Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Red, dark red
Streak:Orange-yellow, red-orange
Hardness (Mohs):3½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:None Observed
Fracture:Conchoidal
Density (measured):5.58 - 5.79 g/cm3
Density (calculated):5.82 g/cm3

Crystallography of Pyrobelonite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Pnma {P21/n 21/m 21/a}
Space Group Setting:Pnma
Cell Parameters:a = 7.62Å, b = 6.17Å, c = 9.47Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.235 : 1 : 1.535
Unit Cell Volume:V 445.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Acicular [001] or acute pyramidal.
Comment:Given as Pnam
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
5.14 (70)
4.27 (40)
3.672 (65)
3.24 (100)
2.914 (50)
2.635 (70)
2.323 (70)
1.667 (65)
Comments:ICDD 20-588

Optical Data of Pyrobelonite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 2.320 nβ = 2.360 nγ = 2.370
2V:Measured: 29° , Calculated: 52°
Birefringence:0.05
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.050

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:Strong
Bireflectance:Visible
Dispersion:none
Optical Extinction:Parallel, XYZ = acb
Colour in reflected light:Gray with red to orange internal glints
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:shades of red-brown.

Chemical Properties of Pyrobelonite

Formula:
PbMn
2+
 
(VO
 
4
)(OH)
Essential elements:H, Mn, O, Pb, V
All elements listed in formula:H, Mn, O, Pb, V

Relationship of Pyrobelonite to other Species

Member of:Adelite-Descloizite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Adelite
CaMg(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
Arsendescloizite
PbZn(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
Austinite
CaZn(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
Čechite
Pb(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(VO
 
4
)(OH)
Cobaltaustinite
CaCo(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
Conichalcite
CaCu(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
Descloizite
Pb(Zn,Cu)(VO
 
4
)(OH)
Duftite
PbCu(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
Gabrielsonite
PbFe(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
Gottlobite
CaMg(VO
 
4
,AsO
 
4
)(OH)
Hermannroseite
CaCu(PO
 
4
)(OH)
Mottramite
PbCu(VO
 
4
)(OH)
Nickelaustinite
Ca(Ni,Zn)(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
Tangeite
CaCu(VO
 
4
)(OH)
Common Associates:
VanadiniteManganoan CalciteManganese OxidesDolomiteCahnite
Axinite-(Mn)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.BH.05Thadeuite
Ca(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
8.BH.10Durangite
NaAl(AsO
 
4
)F
8.BH.10Isokite
CaMg(PO
 
4
)F
8.BH.10Lacroixite
NaAl(PO
 
4
)F
8.BH.10Maxwellite
NaFe
3+
 
(AsO
 
4
)F
8.BH.10Panasqueiraite
CaMg(PO
 
4
)(OH,F)
8.BH.10Tilasite
CaMg(AsO
 
4
)F
8.BH.15Drugmanite
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BH.20Bjarebyite
(Ba,Sr)(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
8.BH.20Cirrolite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
 (?)
8.BH.20Kulanite
Ba(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
8.BH.20Penikisite
Ba(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Ca)
 
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
8.BH.20Perloffite
Ba(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
8.BH.20Johntomaite
BaFe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
8.BH.25Bertossaite
(Li,Na)
 
2
(Ca,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
4
8.BH.25Palermoite
(Li,Na)
 
2
(Sr,Ca)Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
4
8.BH.30Carminite
PbFe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BH.30Sewardite
CaFe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BH.35Adelite
CaMg(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Arsendescloizite
PbZn(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Austinite
CaZn(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Cobaltaustinite
CaCo(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Conichalcite
CaCu(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Duftite
PbCu(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Gabrielsonite
PbFe(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Nickelaustinite
Ca(Ni,Zn)(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Tangeite
CaCu(VO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Gottlobite
CaMg(VO
 
4
,AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Hermannroseite
CaCu(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.40Čechite
Pb(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(VO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.40Descloizite
Pb(Zn,Cu)(VO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.40Mottramite
PbCu(VO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.45Bayldonite
PbCu
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BH.45Vésigniéite
BaCu
 
3
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BH.50Paganoite
NiBi(AsO
 
4
)O
8.BH.55Jagowerite
BaAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BH.55Carlgieseckeite-(Nd)
NaNdCa
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
F
8.BH.60Attakolite
(Ca,Sr)Mn(Al,Fe)
 
4
(HPO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
3
(SiO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
8.BH.65Leningradite
PbCu
 
3
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
Cl
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
21.4.1Uvanite
U
6+
2
V
5+
6
O
 
21
 · 15H
 
2
O (?)
21.4.2Vanuranylite
(H
 
3
O)
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
21.4.3Strelkinite
Na
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
21.4.4Carnotite
K
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
21.4.5Margaritasite
(Cs,K,H
 
3
O)
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
21.4.6Sengierite
Cu
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
21.4.7Metatyuyamunite
Ca(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 3-5H
 
2
O
21.4.8Tyuyamunite
Ca(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 5-8H
 
2
O
21.4.9Rauvite
Ca(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(V
 
10
O
 
28
) · 16H
 
2
O
21.4.10Francevillite
(Ba,Pb)(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
21.4.11Metavanuralite
Al(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 8H
 
2
O
21.4.12Vanuralite
Al(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 11H
 
2
O
21.4.13Curienite
Pb(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
21.4.14Fritzscheite
Mn(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
,VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O (?)
21.4.15Palenzonaite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
CaMn
2+
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
21.4.16Santafeite
(Na,Ca,Sr)
 
12
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Al,Mg)
 
8
Mn
4+
8
(VO
 
4
)
 
16
(OH,O)
 
20
 · 8H
 
2
O
21.4.18Brackebuschite
Pb
 
2
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)(VO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
21.4.19Čechite
Pb(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(VO
 
4
)(OH)
21.4.20Heyite
Pb
 
5
Fe
2+
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
4
21.4.21Mounanaite
PbFe
3+
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2(OH,F)
21.4.22Schubnelite
Fe
3+
 
VO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
21.4.23Fervanite
Fe
3+
4
V
5+
4
O
 
16
 · 5H
 
2
O
21.4.24Kazakhstanite
Fe
3+
5
V
4+
3
V
5+
12
O
 
39
(OH)
 
9
 · 9H
 
2
O
21.4.25Bokite
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
1.3
(V
5+
 
,V
4+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
8
O
 
20
 · 7.4H
 
2
O
21.4.26Rusakovite
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
5
(VO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
9
 · 3H
 
2
O
21.4.27Kolovratite
Ni
 
x
Zn
 
y
(VO
 
4
)
 
0.67(x+y)
 · nH
 
2
O

Other Names for Pyrobelonite

Other Languages:
German:Pyrobelonit
Russian:Пиробелонит
Simplified Chinese:钒锰铅矿
Spanish:Pirobelonita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Not fluorescent.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Pyrobelonite

Reference List:

- +
Flink (1919) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 41: 433.

Larsen, E.S. and Berman, H. (1934) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, Second edition, USGS Bulletin 848: 211.

Strunz, H. (1939): Mineralien der Descloizitgruppe. Konichalcit, Staszizit, Austinit, Duftit, Aräoxen, Volborthit, Pyrobelonit. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig (A) 101, 496-506.

Richmond (1940) American Mineralogist: 25: 460.

American Mineralogist (1955): 40: 580-596.

Mineralogical Magazine (1977): 41: 85.

U. Kolitsch (2001): Refinement of pyrobelonite, PbMnIIVO4(OH), a member of the descloizite group. Acta Crystallogr. E57, i119-i121.

Internet Links for Pyrobelonite

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    • Localities for Pyrobelonite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Eyre Peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    		A. Pring, U. Kolitsch and G. Francis (2000): Additions to the mineralogy of the Iron Monarch deposit, Middleback Ranges, South Australia. Australian J. Mineral. 6, 9-23; Pring, A. (1998): Selenides and sulfides from Iron Monarch, South Australia. N. Jb. Mineral. Mh. 1998, 36-48; Pring, A., Francis, G. & Birch, W. D. (1989): Pyrobelonite, arsenoklasite, switzerite and other recent finds at Iron Monarch, South Australia. Australian Mineral. 4, 49-55; Pring, A., Francis, G. & Birch, W. D. (1992): Nissonite, namibite, and other additions to the mineral suite from Iron Monarch, South Australia. Australian Mineral. 6, 31-39; Pring, A., Slade, P. G. & Birch, W. D. (1992): Shigaite from Iron Monarch, South Australia. Mineral. Mag. 56, 417-19; Segnit, E. R. & Francis, G. (1983): Secondary phosphate minerals from Iron Monarch, South Australia. Australian Mineral. 1, 243-50.
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Nord-du-Québec
        • Baie-James
          • Otish Mts
    		SASSANO, G. & ROCHELEAU, M. (1987) Quelques minéraux d'uranium des Bassin d'Otish et de Mistassini, Québec. Canadian Mineralogist 25, 185-193.
    Germany
     
    • Saarland
      • Wadern
        • Krettnich
    		[Eur.J.Mineral. 13:145-158]
    • Thuringia
      • Harz
        • Nordhausen
          • Ilfeld
    		J. Gröbner, U. Kolitsch and J. Wesiger (2011): New finds of vanadate and rare-earth minerals from the manganese mine Ilfeld, Harz. Mineralien-Welt 22 (1), 41-49. (in German)
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova and La Spezia Provinces
        • different municipalities
          • Tre Monti mining concession
    		Castellaro, F., Passarino, G. (2011): I minerali di Monte Alpe. Sezione dell'antica Concessione Tre Monti (La Spezia e Genova). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana. 4/2011, 214-224.
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
    		[MinRec 32:360]
    Gianluca Armellino specimen
            • Reppia
    		Bracco, R., Brugger, J., Marchesini, M., Mezzano, I., (2001): Nabiasite: un'altra novità da Gambatesa (Val Graveglia, Genova). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2, 121-122.
      • La Spezia Province
        • Vara Valley
          • Borghetto Vara
    Japan
     
    • Shikoku Island
      • Kochi Prefecture
        • Kami city
    		Gunnar Farber pers. comm.
    Namibia
     
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
        • Kombat
    		Dunn, P.J. (1991), Rare minerals of the Kombat Mine, Mineralogical Record: 22(6): 421-425.
    Norway
     
    • Vest-Agder
      • Kristiansand
    		Breivik, H. ; Myre, K. & Larsen, A. O. (2007): Manganforekomster på Sørlandet: Kvivikdalen (Kostøl, Ålefjær): Norsk Bergverksmuseums Skrift, 35, 25-31
    Sweden
     
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm (1919): 41, 433; Mineralogical Record: 14: 203; Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Persberg district
    		Torbjorn Lorin
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Hinterrhein Valley
        • Ferrera Valley
          • Ausserferrera
    		Amer.Min.(1996) 81, 1270-1276
          • Starlera Valley
    		Brugger J. (1996): The Fe, Mn, (V, Sb, As, Be, W) deposits of Val Ferrera (Graubünden, Switzerland). Unpublished PhD Thesis, Univ. Basel. 188 p.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Turtmann Valley
        • Pipjitälli
    		The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 44, pp. 000 (2006) page 205; Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer)
    UK
     
    • Wales
      • Bridgend (Mid Glamorgan; Glamorgan)
        • Porthcawl
    		Criddle & Symes, 1977
    USA
     
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Dunn, P.J.: Min.Rec.:14:203-204 (1983); Dunn(1995):Pt5:677.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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