Mindat Logo
Home Page Log In Message Board The Mindat Directory
Register Search Pages Mineral Chatroom The Mindat Store

Pyrophanite

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Big Photo

Poudrette quarry (Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Desourdy quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire), Mont Saint-Hilaire, Rouville RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Pyrophanite Photos (56)



Formula:
Mn
2+
 
TiO
 
3
System:TrigonalColour:blood red, greenish ...
Hardness:5 - 6
Member of:Ilmenite Group
Name:From the Greek πΰρ, fire, and φαίνεσθαι, to appear, in allusion to its red color.


Ilmenite-Pyrophanite Series. The manganese analogue of Geikielite, Ilmenite, and Ecandrewsite.

Classification of Pyrophanite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/C.05-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.CB.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:4.3.5.3

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.9.13

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-3322.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Type Occurrence of Pyrophanite

Type Locality:Harstigen Mine, Pajsberg, Persberg district, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
Year of Discovery:1890

Occurrences of Pyrophanite

Geological Setting:Metamorphosed manganese deposits.

Physical Properties of Pyrophanite

Lustre:Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:blood red, greenish yellow
Comment:Orange in transmitted light
Streak:ochre yellow with greenish tinge
Hardness (Mohs):5 - 6
Hardness (Vickers):VHN50=435 - 579 kg/mm2
Cleavage:Perfect
On {0221} perfect; {1012} less perfect.
Fracture:Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):4.537 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.596 g/cm3

Crystallography of Pyrophanite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:R3
Cell Parameters:a = 5.13948(7) Å, c = 14.2829(4) Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 2.779
Unit Cell Volume:V 326.73 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:6
Morphology:Fine scaly.

Optical Data of Pyrophanite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 2.481 nε = 2.210
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.271

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High

Chemical Properties of Pyrophanite

Formula:
Mn
2+
 
TiO
 
3
Essential elements:Mn, O, Ti
All elements listed in formula:Mn, O, Ti
Common Impurities:Fe,Zn

Relationship of Pyrophanite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Ilmenite (see here)
Member of:Ilmenite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Ecandrewsite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)TiO
 
3
Geikielite
MgTiO
 
3
Ilmenite
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
3
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.CB.05Brizziite
NaSb
5+
 
O
 
3
4.CB.05Corundum
Al
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Ecandrewsite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)TiO
 
3
4.CB.05Eskolaite
Cr
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Geikielite
MgTiO
 
3
4.CB.05Hematite
Fe
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Ilmenite
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
3
4.CB.05Karelianite
V
3+
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Melanostibite
Mn
2+
 
(Sb
5+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
3
4.CB.05Akimotoite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)SiO
 
3
4.CB.05Auroantimonate
AuSbO
 
3
4.CB.05Romanite
(◻,Pb,Ca)UFe
2+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
6
Ti
 
12
O
 
38
4.CB.05UM1998-11-O-AuHSb
Au
+
2
Sb
3+
 
O
 
2
(OH)
4.CB.05Tistarite
Ti
3+
2
O
 
3
4.CB.10Avicennite
Tl
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.10Bixbyite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.15Armalcolite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Ti
 
2
O
 
5
4.CB.15Pseudobrookite
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
5
4.CB.15Mongshanite
(Mg,Cr,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Zr)
 
5
O
 
12
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N2S
[(Zn,Al,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)
 
8
O
 
15
(OH)]
 
2
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N6S
[(Zn,Mg)
 
7
(Al,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)
 
16
O
 
31
(OH)]
 
2
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S
[(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Al,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
8
O
 
15
(OH)]
 
6
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S
[(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Zn)
 
4
(Al,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
10
O
 
19
(OH)]
 
2
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S
[(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
[Al
 
7
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)]O
 
15
(OH)]
 
2
4.CB.20Ferrohögbomite-6N12S
[(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Zn)
 
5
(Al,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
12
O
 
23
(OH)]
 
6
4.CB.25Pseudorutile
Fe
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.30Berdesinskiite
V
3+
2
TiO
 
5
4.CB.30Oxyvanite
V
3+
2
V
4+
 
O
 
5
4.CB.35Olkhonskite
(Cr,V)
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.35Schreyerite
V
3+
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.40Kamiokite
Fe
 
2
Mo
 
3
O
 
8
4.CB.40Nolanite
(V
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ti)
 
10
O
 
14
(OH)
 
2
4.CB.40Rinmanite
Zn
 
2
Sb
 
2
Mg
 
2
Fe
 
4
O
 
14
(OH)
 
2
4.CB.45Claudetite
As
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.45Stibioclaudetite
AsSbO
 
3
4.CB.50Arsenolite
As
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.50Sénarmontite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.55Valentinite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.60Bismite
Bi
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.65Sphaerobismoite
Bi
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.70Sillénite
Bi
 
12
SiO
 
20
4.CB.75Kyzylkumite
BeV
3+
2
TiO
 
6
4.CB.80Tietaiyangite
Fe
3+
4
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
9
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.9.1Hongquiite
TiO
7.9.2Rutile
TiO
 
2
7.9.3Anatase
TiO
 
2
7.9.4Brookite
TiO
 
2
7.9.5Geikielite
MgTiO
 
3
7.9.6Perovskite
CaTiO
 
3
7.9.7Kassite
CaTi
 
2
O
 
4
(OH)
 
2
7.9.8Tausonite
SrTiO
 
3
7.9.9Crichtonite
(Sr,La,Ce,Y)(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Mn)
 
21
O
 
38
7.9.10Lucasite-(Ce)
CeTi
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
7.9.11Hibonite
(Ca,Ce)Al
 
12
O
 
19
7.9.12Yttrocrasite-(Y)
(Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
7.9.14Iwakiite
Mn(Fe,Mn)
 
2
O
 
4
7.9.15Ilmenite
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
3
7.9.16Pseudobrookite
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
5
7.9.17Ulvöspinel
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
4
7.9.18Pseudorutile
Fe
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
7.9.19Freudenbergite
Na
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
8
O
 
16
7.9.20Kennedyite
MgFe
3+
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
10
7.9.21Armalcolite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Ti
 
2
O
 
5
7.9.22Högbomite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Al,Ti)
 
5
O
 
10
7.9.23Qandilite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)O
 
4
7.9.24Cafetite
(Ca,Mg)(Fe,Al)
 
2
Ti
 
4
O
 
12
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.9.25Loveringite
(Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe,Cr,Mg)
 
21
O
 
38
7.9.26Lindsleyite
(Ba,Sr)(Ti,Zr,Fe,Cr)
 
21
O
 
38
7.9.27Priderite
(K,Ba)(Ti,Fe)
 
8
O
 
16
7.9.28Jeppeite
(K,Ba)
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
6
O
 
13
7.9.29Ankangite
Ba(Ti,V
3+
 
,Cr)
 
8
O
 
16
7.9.30Ecandrewsite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)TiO
 
3
7.9.31Landauite
NaMnZn
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
6
Ti
 
12
O
 
38

Other Names for Pyrophanite

Other Languages:
German:Pyrophanit
Russian:Пирофанит
Spanish:Pirofanita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Pyrophanite

Reference List:

- +
Hamberg (1890), Geol. För. Förh.: 12: 598.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 535-541.

Canadian Mineralogist (1985): 23: 491.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (1995) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume II. Silica, Silicates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 904pp., 2 volumes: 460.

Internet Links for Pyrophanite

Search Engines:
  • Look for Pyrophanite on Google
  • Look for Pyrophanite images on Google
    • External Links:
  • Look for Pyrophanite on Webmineral
  • Look for Pyrophanite on Athena Mineralogy
  • Look for Pyrophanite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Pyrophanite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
    • Mineral Dealers:
  • Search for minerals at Heliodor
  • Rare and Unusual minerals at Mineralogical Research Company
  • Pricedownminerals.com - Reverse Auctions and Shop
  • Search for Pyrophanite from all mineral dealers at minfind.com
  • Fabre Minerals - search for Pyrophanite specimens
  • DAKOTA MATRIX offers Cabinet and Rare Species from Worldwide Localities.
  • Mineral Classics - Worldwide Collector Quality Minerals and Gems
  • Fine Minerals from Weinrich Minerals, Inc.
  • Search for - Pyrophanite - on e-Rocks Mineral Sales & Auctions
  • Top quality minerals from Kristalle of California
  • Buy fine minerals and gemstones from Pala International
  • The Arkenstone - Fine Minerals
    • Specimens:The following Pyrophanite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
    Jobs:
  • Mining & Geology Jobs

    • Localities for Pyrophanite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Córdoba
    		The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 42, pp. 155-168 (2004)
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		No reference listed
    • South Australia
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Nairne
    		No reference listed
      • Olary Province
        • Kalabity homestead area
    		No reference listed
    • Tasmania
      • Corinna-Savage River district
    		Bottrill & Taheri, 2008, Savage River mine, Unpub. Rept, Mineral Resources Tasmania
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • St Salvator
          • Moschitzberg Mt.
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Styria
      • Köflach
        • Voitsberg
          • Kleinwöllmiß
    		Bernhard, F. (2011)
      • Koralpe Mts
        • Deutschlandsberg
          • Glashütten
    		SEM-EDS, Franz Bernhard, 2007
      • Liesing - Palten valley
        • Kalwang
          • Langteichengraben (Lange Teichen)
    		Schäffer, U. & Tarkian, M. (1984): Die Genese der stratiformen Sulfidlagerstätte Kalwang (Steiermark), der Grünsteinserie und einer assoziierten silikatreichen Eisenformation. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 33, 169-186.
      • Neumarkt
        • Dürnstein
    		Taucher, J. (1995)
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Conselheiro Lafaiete (old Queluz de Minas)
    		Encyclopedia of Mins., 2nd. ed.: 706.; Am Min (1955) 40:55-63
      • Poços de Caldas plateau
        • Poços de Caldas
    		Horváth, Menezes, Toft ollections - confirmed by XRD & microprobe
    • Pará
      • Carajás mineral province
        • Canaã dos Carajás
          • Sossego Mine
    		Monteiro, L.V.S., Xavier, R.P., de Carvalho, E.R., Hitzman, M.W., Johnson, C.A., de Souza Filho, C.R., and Torresi, I. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 129-159.
    Monteiro, L.V.S., Xavier, R.P., de Carvalho, E.R., Hitzman, M.W., Johnson, C.A., de Souza Filho, C.R., and Torresi, I. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 129-159.
    • São Paulo
      • Cajati
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139
    Canada
     
    • Nunavut Territory
      • Mallery Lake
    		Turner, W.A., Richards, J.P., Nesbitt, B.E., Muehlenbachs, K., and Biczok, J.L. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 442-457.
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Lajemmerais RCM
          • Varennes & St-Amable
            • Saint-Amable sill
    		Horváth Collection - confirmed by XRD & microprobe
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		[MinRec 10:103, 19:325, 19:327, 21:331, 21:333]
    China
     
    • Fujian Province
      • Fuzhou Prefecture
        • Jin'an District
          • Kuai'an
    		Suwa, K., Enami, M., Hiraiwa, I., and Yang, T. (1987): Mineralogy and Petrology 36, 111-120
    • Hunan Province
      • Yiyang Prefecture
        • Heshan District
    		Baogui Zhang (1996), In: Tu Guangzhi (Ed.): Geochemistry of strata-bound deposits in China. Science Press (Beijing), 240-253.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Pardubice Region
    		Žák L.: Find of pyrophanite and melanophlogite in Chvaletice (E. Bohemia). Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1967, 12, 4, 451-452.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Třebíč
    		Novák, M. & Škoda, R. (2007): Mn3+-rich andalusite to kanonaite and their breakdown products from metamanganolite at Kojetice near Třebíč, the Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic. Journal of Geosciences, 52(1-2), 161-167.
    Finland
     
    • Oulu Province
      • Kuhmo
        • Näätäniemi
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1994, 6, pp. 145-150.
    France
     
    • Aquitaine
      • Pyrénées-Atlantiques
        • Aramits
          • Ance
    		MONCHOUX P., FONTAN F., DE PARSEVAL P., MARTIN R. F., WANG R. C. (2006) - Igneous albitite dikes in orogenic lherzolithes, Western Pyrénées, France: A possible source for corundum and alkali feldspar xenocrysts in basaltic terranes. I. Mineralogical Asssociations. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 44, pp. 817-842.
    MONCHOUX P., FONTAN F., DE PARSEVAL P., MARTIN R. F., WANG R. C. (2006) - Igneous albitite dikes in orogenic lherzolithes, Western Pyrénées, France: A possible source for corundum and alkali feldspar xenocrysts in basaltic terranes. I. Mineralogical Asssociations. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 44, pp. 817-842.
    • Auvergne
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Rochefort-Montagne
          • La Bourboule
    		Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 68, 117- 123 (1979)
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Céret
          • Prats de Mollo-La Preste (Prats de Molló-La Presta)
    		Dubru. M, (1986) Pétrologie et géochimie du marbre à brucite et des borates associés au gisement de tungstène de Costabonne, (Pyrénées orientales, France) 930p
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
    		Perseil, E. A. (1967): Manganese mineralization of the Upper Devonian in Las Cabesses (Ariege). Comptes Rendus du Congres National des Societes Savantes, Section des Sciences 91 (Part 2), 313-321.
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
          • Nabias
    		European J. Mineralogy, 11/5, 879-890
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
    [Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987], [Minealien Welt 1/93:14]
              • Wingertsberg Mt.
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
    		Semenow, E.I. (1969): Mineralogy of the Ilimaussaq alkaline massif (South Greenland), 165 pp, Moscow: Nauka (in Russian)
    Guinea
     
    Hungary
     
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Aggteleki Mts.
    		GEODA 2010/1
    India
     
    • Andhra Pradesh
      • Vizianagaram District
    		Econ Geol (1980) 75:1083-1104
    • Madhya Pradesh
      • Bhandara District
    		MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, DECEMBER 1984, VOL. 48, PP. 558-60
    • Orissa
      • Koraput District
    		Acharya, B.C., Rao, D.S., and Sahoo, R.K. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 79-93.
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Nus
        • Saint-Barthélemy
    		• Barresi, A.A., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Ambrino, P., Bracco, R., Bonacina, E. (2005): La miniera di manganese di Varenche (Aosta, Italia nord-occidentale): ardennite, arseniopleite, manganberzeliite, pirofanite, sarkinite, thortveitite, nuovo As-Sc-analogo della metavariscite e altre specie. Micro (località), 2/2005, 81-122.
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
            • Reppia
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, (4), 131
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
    		Lapis, 19 (10), 15-21+86.
    AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Chisone Valley
          • Usseaux
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Susa Valley
          • Salbertrand
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Campo nell'Elba
            • San Piero in Campo
    		Pezzotta, F., & Guastoni, A. (2007). Hambergite, helvite e pirofanite nelle pegmatiti elbane. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/2007, 166-168.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Aichi Prefecture
          • Kita-Shidara-gun
            • Shidara-cho
    		Yamada collection (Crystal World, Japan)
        • Gifu Prefecture
    		Donald E. Lee (1955); Am Min (1955) 40:32-40
        • Nagano Prefecture
          • Kami-Ina-gun
    		Katsu Kaneko (1956) Symposium del Manganeso, XX Congreso Geologico Internacional, Mexico D.F.
      • Chugoku Region
        • Tottori Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
          • Iwakuni City
    		Lee, D. E. (1955); Am Min (1955) 40:32-40
    Lee, D. E. (1955); Am Min (1955) 40:32-40
          • Kudamatsu City
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Lee, D. E. (1955); Am Min (1955) 40:32-40
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 60.
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Kanto Region
        • Gunma Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Kasama City
            • Iwama
    		Nishikubo collection
        • Tochigi Prefecture
          • Kanuma City
    		Hiroaki Tano collection
      • Kinki Region
        • Kyoto Prefecture
          • Sohraku-gun
    		Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan)
        • Shiga Prefecture
    		Hitoshi Momoi (1964) Mineralogical study of rhodonites in Japan, with special reference to contact metamorphism. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Noda
    		Katsu Kaneko (1956) Symposium del Manganeso, XX Congreso Geologico Internacional, Mexico D.F.; Am Min (1955) 40:32-40
          • Shimohei-gun
            • Iwaizumi
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Kyushu Region
      • Miyazaki Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Nansei Archipelago
        • Kagoshima Prefecture
          • Amami-Oshima Island
    		Momoi, H. (1964) Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 73-78.
      • Oita prefecture
        • Saeki city
          • Kiura mine (Shin-Kiura mine; Kiura emery mine)
    		H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
      • Saga Prefecture
    		Katsu Kaneko (1956) Symposium del Manganeso, XX Congreso Geologico Internacional, Mexico D.F.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
    		http://geo.web.ru/druza/l-Kent.htm
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Issyk-Kul'skaya Oblast
      • Inyl'chek Range
        • Muzeinyi Valley
    		L.A. Pautov data
    Malawi
     
    • Balaka District
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    • Zomba District
    		Demartin, F.; Guastoni, A. & Pezzotta, F. (2003): Barylith, Niobophyllit & yttriumreicher Milarit- Neufunde aus den Pegmatiten von Zomba-Malosa, Malawi. Lapis 28 (1), 18-21
    Morocco
     
    • Meknès-Tafilalet Region
      • Khénifra Province
        • High Atlas Mts
          • Tamazeght complex
    		Khadem Allah, B. (1993)
    Namibia
     
    • Otjozondjupa Region
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern, 368 pp. (in English)
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Evje og Hornnes
        • Landsverk
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68 p. 66
      • Iveland
        • Birkeland
    		Neumann (1985) : Norges mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 66
    Neumann (1985) : Norges mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse Skrifter 68. p. 66
    • Buskerud
      • Øvre Eiker
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 66.
    Raade, G. (2010): Chemical composition of acmite/aegirine intergrowths from Rundemyr, Eiker. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 43: 29-34
    • Nordland
      • Sørfold
    		Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28.
      • Tysfjord
    		Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum.Skrift 38: 5-28
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
    		Werner, R. (2003). Vinteren '92/'93- Et lite tilbakeblikk. STEIN 30 (3), 24-27
        • Nordmarka
    		L. O. Kvamsdal (1998): Mineralene fra Nordmarkitt og Grefsensyenitt i Oslofeltet. AS Merkur-Trykk, Oslo.
    Raade, G. & Haug, J. (1982): Gjerdingen. Fundstelle seltener Mineralien in Norwegen. LAPIS 7, 9-15
        • Øståsen - Hadeland
          • Surka
    		Kvamsdal, L.O. (1993): Noen mineraler fra nordmarkitten mellom Roa og Maura. STEIN 20 (1), 30-45
    Werner, R. (1993): Om synchysitt i Norge. STEIN 20 (4),221-226
    • Rogaland
      • Sokndal
    		Gierth, E. & Krause, H. (1973): Die Ilmenitlagerstätte Tellnes (Süd-Norwegen). Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 53: 359-402; Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 66
    • Sogn og Fjordane
      • Selje
    		Smith, D.C., Kechid, S-A. and Rossi, G. (1986): Occurence and properties of lisetite, CaNa2Al4Si4O16, a new tectosilicate in the system Ca-Na-Al-Si-O. American Mineralogist. 71: 1372-1377
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Bjørkedalen
    		Segalstad, T. V. & Larsen, A. O. (1978): Gadolinite-(Ce) from Skien, southwestern Oslo Region, Norway. American Mineralogist 63, 188-195
        • Langangen
          • Slevolden
    		Burvald, Ingulv (1993): To forekomster av nefelin-syenitt-pegmatitt i Telemark. STEIN 20 (3), 176-179
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Siktesøya
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
    Larsen, A. O. (1988): Helvite group minerals from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region, Norway. Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no 68. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68: 119-124
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen (Strandåsen)
    		Larsen, A.O., Åsheim, A. and Gault, R. A. (2005): Minerals of the eudialyte group from the Sagåsen larvikite quarry, Porsgrunn, Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter 30: 58-62
      • Tokke
        • Botnedal
    		Van der Wel (1974, p. 85); Neumann (1985, p. 66).
    • Vest-Agder
      • Lyngdal
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 66
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Farris
    		S. A. Berge
        • Hedrum
    		Bergstøl (1972, p. 237); Neumann (1985, p. 66).; Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42
          • Lågendalen
    		Sæbø, P. (1966b): Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no.35. The first occurences of the rare mineral barylite, Be2BaSi2O7, in Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 46, 335-348
    Knut Edvard Larsen collection
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Barkevik area
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse. Skrifter 68: p. 66
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240p
    Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42 + Neumann (1985, p. 66).
    Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42
    Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42
    Segalstad, T.V. & Larsen, A.O.(1978): Chevkinite and perrierite from the Oslo region, Norway. American Mineralogist 63,499-505
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
    Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42 + Neumann (1985, p. 66).
          • Vesle Arøya
    		Engvoldsen, T., Andersen, F., Berge, S. A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18 (1), 15-71
        • Tvedalen
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
      • Sandefjord
        • Vesterøya
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp; Berge, S.A., Larsen, K.E. & Andersen, F. (2011): Buer, Vesterøya, Sandefjord- en typelokalitet for et nytt mineral. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 46: 49-56
    Oman
     
    • Semail Ophiolite
      • Khawr Fakkan Massif
        • Bani Hamid area
    		E. Gnos et al., Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 251-261.
    Romania
     
    • Harghita Co.
    		Pál-Molnár (2000)
    • Maramures Co.
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    • Suceava Co.
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
      • Suceava district
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic
          • Mama River Basin
            • Maigunda River
    		[MinRec 32:42]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598.
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Pekov, I.V. & Podlesnyi, A.S. (2004): Kukisvumchorr Deposit: Mineralogy of Alkaline Pegmatites and Hydrotermalites. Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 7, 140 pages + xxiv photo's pages
    Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598.
    Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598.
    Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598.
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
            • Suoluai River Valley
              • Kuamdespakhk Mt
    		Semenov E.I. (1972) Mineralogy of Lovozero alkaline massif, - Moscow, Nauka, p. 308 (in Rus.)
    • Southern Siberia
      • Sayan Mts
        • Eastern Sayan
    		Savel'eva V.B. Karmanov N.S. (2008) Rare earth's minerals of alkaline metasomatites of Main Sayan Fault zone, - Zapiski RMO, N2, pp.14-35 (in Rus.).; Savel’eva, V.B., and Karmanov, N.S. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 681-696.
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk)
            • Kurganovo
    		Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) Rhodonite deposits of Middle Ural, - S.-Peterburg Univercity press, p. 200 (in Rus.).
            • Sedel'nikovo
    		Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) Rhodonite deposits of Middle Ural, - S.-Peterburg Univercity press, p. 200 (in Rus.).
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic
          • Sibay
    		Brusnitsyn, A.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(3), 193-214.
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Altai Republic (Gorno-Altayskaya Autonomous Oblast')
        • Ust'-Koksa district
    		Vera N. Smol'yaninova data
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Gelnica Co.
    		Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p
          • Bystrý Potok
    		Rojkovič, I. (2001): Geolines 13, 34-41.
      • Rožňava Co.
        • Rožňava (Rosenau)
          • Čučma
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northwest Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Rustenburg District
          • Pilansberg Complex
    		The Canadian Mineralogist, V 42, 2004, pp. 1169-1178.
    South Korea
     
    • Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto)
      • Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)
        • Joongwon-gun
          • Mt. Eorae
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    • Gangwon-do (Kangwon-do; Gang'weondo)
      • Yeonwha
        • Yeonwha Mine
    		Econ Geol (1993) 88:855-872
    Spain
     
    • Canary Islands
      • Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province
    		Ferguson, A.K. (1978): The occurence of Ramseyite, Titan-Lavenite and a fluorine-rich Eucolite in a nepheline-syenite inclusion from Tenerife, Canary Islands, Contrib Mineral Petrol 66, 15-20
    • Catalonia
      • Tarragona
        • Priorat
          • El Molar
    		Mineralogistes de Catalunya, vol. III num. 5
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Hedemora
        • Garpenberg
    		(Kjell Gatedal); Grensman, F., Kalinowski, M.P. and Sandström, F. (2001): Garpenberg Norra. Litofilen. 18 (2), 26-46.;
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		Sandström, F., Binett, T., Wiklund, C. & Vikström, J. (2010): Alnöområdets geologi och mineralogi. Litiofilen. 27 (2): 14-42
    • Östergötland
      • Finspång
        • Doverstorp ore field
    		Zakrzewski et al (1982): Can.Min. 20, 281-290
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Nordmark (Nordmarksberg)
    		Kjell Gatedal
        • Persberg district
          • Pajsberg
    		GFF (1890) 12, 598
    Dana 7:I:539.
    • Västergötland
      • Svenljunga
        • Överlida
    		Kjellman (analyst)
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		Kjell Gatedal
      • Lindesberg
    Holtstam, D. (1997): Barian magnetoplumbite from Mangruvan, Orebro, Sweden. GFF 119, 17-19.
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Hinterrhein Valley
        • Ferrera Valley
          • Starlera Valley
        • Rheinwald
          • Splügen
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 315.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Turtmann Valley
        • Pipjitälli
    		The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 44, pp. 000 (2006) page 205
    Tajikistan
     
    • Region of Republican Subordination
      • Tien Shan Mts
        • Alai (Alayskiy) Range
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    UK
     
    • Wales
      • Gwynedd (Caernarvonshire)
        • Lleyn Peninsula
          • Llanfaelrhys
            • Rhiw
    		Am Min (1955) 40:32-40
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Hot Spring Co.
    “Smith, A.E., Jr., 1996, Collecting Arkansas Minerals: A R“Smith, A.E., Jr., 1994, “Through the Scope: Collecting Microminerals at Cove Creek, Magnet Cove, Arkansas”: Rocks & Minerals, 69:180-185.eference and Guide.” and
    Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)
      • Pulaski Co.
        • Little Rock
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1988) 63:104-125; Rocks and Minerals, (1989) 64:314-322
    Horvath collection visual id. ; Min News (2000) 16:6 pp 1-5,9
    No reference listed
    • California
      • Nevada Co.
    		Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 41; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 173.
    • Colorado
      • Chaffee Co.
        • La Plata District (Winfield District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Gunnison Co.
        • White Earth District (Powderhorn District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State, p.235
    Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT & Southeastern NY State, p.229, 235.
    • Georgia
      • Jackson Co.
    		Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
    • Idaho
      • Boise Co.
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
      • Custer Co.
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
      • Elmore Co.
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    [MinRec 24:196]
    • Maine
      • Aroostook Co.
        • T3 R9 WELS
      • York Co.
        • Newfield
          • Straw Hill
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, volume 1 and 2, with updates by Van King.
    • Massachusetts
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Plainfield
    		"Western Massachusetts Mineral Localities" by Alan Plante, Valley Geology Press, 1992.
    • Montana
      • Hill Co.
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens
    Chakhmouradian A.R. & Mitchell R.H. (1999) Primary, agpaitic and deuteric stages in the evolution of Accessory Sr, REE, Ba and Nb-mineralization in nepheline-syenite pegmatites at Pegmatite Peak, Bearpaw Mts., Montana, Mineral. Petrol., 67: 85-110.
      • Meagher Co.
    		www.cseg.ca/conferences/2000/376.PDF.
    • Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Fitting District
          • Gillis Range
    		Mineralogical Record: 30: 277-292.
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Craig, J.R., et al: Can.Min.:23:491-494 (1985); Valentino, A.J., et al: Econ. Geol.:85:1941-1946; Dunn(1995):Pt4:603.
    • New Mexico
      • Colfax Co.
        • Springer
          • Point of Rocks Mesa (Pecks Mesa)
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
    • North Carolina
      • Alleghany Co.
        • Sparta
          • Bald Knob
    		[MinRec 12:171]
    • Utah
      • Piute Co.
        • Tushar Mts
          • Cottonwood Creek
            • Mount Baldy District
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1932-1952
    • Virginia
      • Pittsylvania Co.
        • James River-Roanoke River Mn-Fe-Ba District
    		Rocks & Minerals 77:5 pp320-325
      • Suffolk Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Search Google
     
    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2011. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them. Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. Mindat does not offer minerals for sale. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register.
    Current server date and time: 4th Sep 2011 17:42:53
    Mineral and Locality Search
    Mineral:
    and/or Locality:
    Options
    Fade toolbar when not in focusFix toolbar to bottom of page
    Hide Social Media Links
    Slideshow frame delay seconds