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Pyrophanite

Big Photo

Poudrette quarry (Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Desourdy quarry), Mont Saint-Hilaire, Rouville Co., Québec, Canada
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Pyrophanite Photos (24)
Formula:
Mn
2+
 
TiO
 
3
System:TrigonalColour:blood red, greenish ...
Hardness:5 - 6
Name:From the Greek πΰρ, fire, and φαίνεσθαι, to appear, in allusion to its red color.


Ilmenite Group. Ilmenite-Pyrophanite Series. The manganese analogue of Geikielite, Ilmenite, and Ecandrewsite.

Classification of Pyrophanite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/C.05-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.CB.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:4.3.5.3

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.9.13

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti
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Type Occurrence of Pyrophanite

Type Locality:Harstigen Mine, Pajsberg, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
Year of Discovery:1890

Occurrences of Pyrophanite

Geological Setting:Metamorphosed manganese deposits.

Physical Properties of Pyrophanite

Lustre:Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent on thin edges, Opaque
Colour:blood red, greenish yellow
Comment:Orange in transmitted light
Streak:ochre yellow with greenish tinge
Hardness (Mohs):5 - 6
Hardness (Vickers):VHN50=435 - 579 kg/mm2
Cleavage:Perfect
On {0221} perfect; {1012} less perfect.
Fracture:Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):4.537 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.596 g/cm3

Crystallography of Pyrophanite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:R3
Cell Parameters:a = 5.13948(7) Å, c = 14.2829(4) Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 2.779
Unit Cell Volume:V 326.73 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:6
Morphology:Fine scaly.

Optical Data of Pyrophanite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 2.481 nε = 2.210
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.271

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High

Chemical Properties of Pyrophanite

Formula:
Mn
2+
 
TiO
 
3
Essential elements:Mn, O, Ti
All elements listed in formula:Mn, O, Ti
Common Impurities:Fe,Zn

Relationship of Pyrophanite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Ilmenite (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.CB.05Brizziite
NaSb
5+
 
O
 
3
4.CB.05Corundum
Al
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Ecandrewsite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)TiO
 
3
4.CB.05Eskolaite
Cr
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Geikielite
MgTiO
 
3
4.CB.05Hematite
Fe
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Ilmenite
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
3
4.CB.05Karelianite
V
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Melanostibite
Mn
2+
 
(Sb
5+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
3
4.CB.05Auroantimonate
AuSbO
 
3
4.CB.05Romanite
([],Pb,Ca)UFe
2+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
6
Ti
 
12
O
 
38
4.CB.10Avicennite
Tl
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.10Bixbyite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.15Armalcolite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Ti
 
2
O
 
5
4.CB.15Pseudobrookite
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
5
4.CB.15Mongshanite
(Mg,Cr,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Zr)
 
5
O
 
12
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N2S
Ti(Zn,Mg,Fe)
 
2
Al
 
8
O
 
15
(OH)
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N6S
Ti(Zn,Mg,Fe)
 
6
Al
 
16
O
 
31
(OH)
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S
Ti(Mg,Fe)
 
2
Al
 
8
O
 
15
(OH)
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S
Ti(Mg,Fe)
 
3
Al
 
10
O
 
19
(OH)
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S
Ti(Mg,Fe)
 
2
Al
 
8
O
 
15
(OH)
4.CB.20Ferrohögbomite-6N12S
Ti(Fe,Mg)
 
4
Al
 
12
O
 
23
(OH)
4.CB.25Pseudorutile
Fe
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.25Tietaiyangite
Fe
3+
4
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
9
4.CB.30Berdesinskiite
V
3+
2
TiO
 
5
4.CB.35Kyzylkumite
V
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.35Olkhonskite
(Cr,V)
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.35Schreyerite
V
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.40Kamiokite
Fe
 
2
Mo
 
3
O
 
8
4.CB.40Nolanite
(V,Fe,Fe,Ti)
 
10
O
 
14
(OH)
 
2
4.CB.40Rinmanite
Zn
 
2
Sb
 
2
Mg
 
2
Fe
 
4
O
 
14
(OH)
 
2
4.CB.45Claudetite
As
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.45Stibioclaudetite
AsSbO
 
3
4.CB.50Arsenolite
As
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.50Sénarmontite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.55Valentinite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.60Bismite
Bi
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.65Sphaerobismoite
Bi
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.70Sillénite
Bi
 
12
SiO
 
20
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.9.1Hongquiite
TiO
7.9.2Rutile
TiO
 
2
7.9.3Anatase
TiO
 
2
7.9.4Brookite
TiO
 
2
7.9.5Geikielite
MgTiO
 
3
7.9.6Perovskite
CaTiO
 
3
7.9.7Kassite
CaTi
 
2
O
 
4
(OH)
 
2
7.9.8Tausonite
SrTiO
 
3
7.9.9Crichtonite
(Sr,La,Ce,Y)(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Mn)
 
21
O
 
38
7.9.10Lucasite-(Ce)
CeTi
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
7.9.11Hibonite
(Ca,Ce)(Al,Fe,Ti,Si,Mg)
 
12
O
 
19
7.9.12Yttrocrasite-(Y)
(Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
7.9.14Iwakiite
Mn(Fe,Mn)
 
2
O
 
4
7.9.15Ilmenite
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
3
7.9.16Pseudobrookite
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
5
7.9.17Ulvöspinel
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
4
7.9.18Pseudorutile
Fe
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
7.9.19Freudenbergite
Na
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
8
O
 
16
7.9.20 Kennedyite
MgFeTi
 
3
O
 
10
7.9.21Armalcolite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Ti
 
2
O
 
5
7.9.22Högbomite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Al,Ti)
 
5
O
 
10
7.9.23Qandilite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)O
 
4
7.9.24Cafetite
(Ca,Mg)(Fe,Al)
 
2
Ti
 
4
O
 
12
·4H
 
2
O
7.9.25Loveringite
(Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe,Cr,Mg)
 
21
O
 
38
7.9.26Lindsleyite
(Ba,Sr)(Ti,Zr,Fe,Cr)
 
21
O
 
38
7.9.27Priderite
(K,Ba)(Ti,Fe)
 
8
O
 
16
7.9.28Jeppeite
(K,Ba)
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
6
O
 
13
7.9.29Ankangite
Ba(Ti,V
3+
 
,Cr)
 
8
O
 
16
7.9.30Ecandrewsite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)TiO
 
3
7.9.31Landauite
NaMnZn
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
6
Ti
 
12
O
 
38

Other Names for Pyrophanite

German names:
Pyrophanit
Russian names:
Пирофанит
Spanish names:
Pyrophanita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Pyrophanite

Reference List:Hamberg (1890), Geol. För. Förh.: 12: 598.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 535-541.

Canadian Mineralogist (1985): 23: 491.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (1995) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume II. Silica, Silicates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 904pp., 2 volumes: 460.

Internet Links for Pyrophanite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
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  • Pyrophanite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Pyrophanite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Córdoba
    		The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 42, pp. 155-168 (2004)
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		No reference listed
    • South Australia
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Nairne
    		No reference listed
      • Olary Province
        • Kalabity homestead area
    		No reference listed
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • St Salvator
          • Moschitzberg Mt.
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Styria
      • Koralpe Mts
        • Deutschlandsberg
          • Glashütten
    		SEM-EDS, Franz Bernhard, 2007
      • Liesing - Palten valley
        • Kalwang
          • Langteichengraben (Lange Teichen)
    		Schäffer, U. & Tarkian, M. (1984): Die Genese der stratiformen Sulfidlagerstätte Kalwang (Steiermark), der Grünsteinserie und einer assoziierten silikatreichen Eisenformation. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 33, 169-186.
      • Neumarkt
        • Dürnstein
    		Taucher, J. (1995)
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Conselheiro Lafaiete (old Queluz de Minas)
    		Encyclopedia of Mins., 2nd. ed.: 706.
        • Poços de Caldas
    		Horváth, Menezes, Toft ollections - confirmed by XRD & microprobe
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Rouville Co.
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		[MinRec 10:103, 19:325, 19:327, 21:331, 21:333]
      • Verchères Co.
        • Varennes & St-Amable
          • Saint-Amable sill
    		Horváth Collection - confirmed by XRD & microprobe
    China
     
    • Hunan Province
      • Yiyang Prefecture
        • Heshan District
    		Baogui Zhang (1996), In: Tu Guangzhi (Ed.): Geochemistry of strata-bound deposits in China. Science Press (Beijing), 240-253.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Pardubice Region
    		Prachař, I.: Současný stav výskytu nerostů ve Chvaleticích. Acta musei Reginaehradecensis, série A: vědy přírodní, 1981, roč. XVI., s. 99-102.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Třebíč
    		Novák, M. & Škoda, R. (2007): Mn3+-rich andalusite to kanonaite and their breakdown products from metamanganolite at Kojetice near Třebíč, the Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic. Journal of Geosciences, 52(1-2), 161-167.
    Finland
     
    • Oulun (Oulu) Lääni
      • Kuhmo
        • Näätäniemi
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1994, 6, pp. 145-150.
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Céret
          • Prats de Mollo-La Preste (Prats de Molló-La Presta)
    		Dubru. M, (1986) Pétrologie et géochimie du marbre à brucite et des borates associés au gisement de tungstène de Costabonne, (Pyrénées orientales, France) 930p
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
    		Perseil, E. A. (1967): Manganese mineralization of the Upper Devonian in Las Cabesses (Ariege). Comptes Rendus du Congres National des Societes Savantes, Section des Sciences 91 (Part 2), 313-321.
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
          • Nabias
    		European J. Mineralogy, 11/5, 879-890
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
    [Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987], [Minealien Welt 1/93:14]
              • Wingertsberg Mt.
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
        • Ilimaussaq complex
    		C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry lost Mindat data).
    Guinea
     
    India
     
    • Orissa
      • Koraput District
    		Mineralium Deposita (1997) 32 (1), 79-93
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Nus
        • Saint-Barthélemy
    		• Barresi, A.A., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Ambrino, P., Bracco, R., Bonacina, E. (2005): La miniera di manganese di Varenche (Aosta, Italia nord-occidentale): ardennite, arseniopleite, manganberzeliite, pirofanite, sarkinite, thortveitite, nuovo As-Sc-analogo della metavariscite e altre specie. Micro (località), 2/2005, 81-122.
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
            • Reppia
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, (4), 131
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
    		Lapis, 19 (10), 15-21+86.
    AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Susa Valley
          • Salbertrand
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Campo nell'Elba
            • San Piero in Campo
    		Pezzotta, F., & Guastoni, A. (2007). Hambergite, helvite e pirofanite nelle pegmatiti elbane. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/2007, 166-168.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Aichi Prefecture
          • Kita-Shidara-gun
            • Shidara
    		Yamada collection (Crystal World, Japan)
        • Gifu Prefecture
    		Donald E. Lee (1955)
        • Nagano Prefecture
          • Kami-Ina-gun
      • Chugoku Region
        • Tottori Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
    Lee, D. E. (1955)
          • Kudamatsu City
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Lee, D. E. (1955)
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 60.
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
    Lee, D. E. (1955)
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Kanto Region
        • Gunma Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
    • Kyushu Island
      • Miyazaki Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Oita prefecture
        • Kiura mine (Shin-Kiura mine; Kiura emery mine)
    		H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
      • Saga Prefecture
    • Nansei Archipelago
      • Kagoshima Prefecture
        • Amami-Oshima Island
    		Momoi, H. (1964) Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 73-78.
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Issyk-Kul'skaya Oblast
      • Inyl'chek Range
        • Muzeinyi Valley
    		L.A. Pautov data
    Malawi
     
    • Balaka District
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    • Zomba District
    		Lapis 2003(1), 18-21
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Evje og Hornnes
        • Landsverk
    		Neumann (1985, p. 66).
      • Iveland
    		Neumann (1985, p. 66).
    Neumann (1985, p. 66).
    • Buskerud
      • Øvre Eiker
    		Neumann (1985, p. 66).
    • Nordland
      • Sørfold
    		Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28.
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
    		STEIN - Vinteren '92/'93- et lite tilbakeblikk (Harestua) - 2003 nr 3 p24-27
        • Nordmarka
    		L. O. Kvamsdal (1998): Mineralene fra Nordmarkitt og Grefsensyenitt i Oslofeltet. AS Merkur-Trykk, Oslo.
    Raade.G.& Haug,J.(1982): "Gjerdingen. Fundstelle seltener Mineralien in Norwegen". LAPIS 7, 9-15
        • Øståsen - Hadeland
          • Surka
    		Kvamsdal, L.O. (1993): Noen mineraler fra nordmarkitten mellom Roa og Maura. STEIN 20 (1), 30-45
    • Rogaland
      • Sokndal
    		Gierth & Krause (1973, p. 398); Neumann (1985, p. 66).
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Bjørkedalen
    		Segelstad & Larsen (1978, p. 189); Neumann (1985, p. 66).
        • Langangen
          • Slevolden
    		Burvald, Ingulv (1993): To forekomster av nefelin-syenitt-pegmatitt i Telemark. STEIN 20 (3), 176-179
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen (Strandåsen)
    		A. O. Larsen, A. Åsheim and R. A. Gault, 2005.
      • Tokke
        • Botnedal
    		Van der Wel (1974, p. 85); Neumann (1985, p. 66).
    • Vest-Agder
      • Farsund
    		Neumann (1985, p. 66).
    • Vestfold
      • Andebu
    		Bergstøl (1972, p. 237); Neumann (1985, p. 66).
      • Larvik
        • Farris
    		S. A. Berge
        • Hedrum
    		Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42
        • Lågendalen
    		Sæbø, P.(1966)."Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no.35. The first occurences of the rare mineral barylite, Be2BaSi2O7, in Norway". Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 46, 335-348+ Neumann (1985, p. 66).
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Barkevik
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse. Skrifter 68: p. 66
    Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42 + Neumann (1985, p. 66).
    Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42
    Neumann & Bergstøl (1964, p. 40); Neumann (1985, p. 66).
    Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1964): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No 25. Pyrophanite in the southern Part of the Oslo Area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44: 39-42 + Neumann (1985, p. 66).
          • Vesle Arøya
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Oman
     
    • Semail Ophiolite
      • Khawr Fakkan Massif
        • Bani Hamid area
    		E. Gnos et al., Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 251-261.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic
          • Mama River Basin
            • Maigunda River
    		[MinRec 32:42]
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Pekov, I.V. & Podlesnyi, A.S. (2004): Kukisvumchorr Deposit: Mineralogy of Alkaline Pegmatites and Hydrotermalites. Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 7, 140 pages + xxiv photo's pages
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
    • Western-Siberian region
      • Gornyi Altai
        • Koksinskii raion
    		Vera N. Smol'yaninova data
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Rožňava (Rozsnyo; Rosenau) Mining District
          • Čučma (Csucsom; Tschutschma)
            • Stredná Hora hill
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p
          • Bystrý Potok
    		Rojkovič, I. (2001): Geolines 13, 34-41.
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northwest Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Rustenburg District
          • Pilansberg Complex
    		The Canadian Mineralogist, V 42, 2004, pp. 1169-1178.
    South Korea
     
    • Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto)
      • Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)
        • Joongwon-gun
          • Mt. Eorae
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Spain
     
    • Canary Islands
      • Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province
    		Ferguson, A.K. (1978): The occurence of Ramseyite, Titan-Lavenite and a fluorine-rich Eucolite in a nepheline-syenite inclusion from Tenerife, Canary Islands, Contrib Mineral Petrol 66, 15-20
    • Catalonia
      • Tarragona
        • Priorat
          • El Molar
    		Mineralogistes de Catalunya, vol. III num. 5
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Hedemora
        • Garpenberg
    		Kjell Gatedal
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		No reference listed
    • Östergötland
      • Finspång
        • Doverstorp ore field
    		No reference listed
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Nordmark
    		Kjell Gatedal
        • Pajsberg
    		GFF (1890) 12, 598
    Dana 7:I:539.
    • Västergötland
      • Överlida
    		Kjellman (analyst)
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		Kjell Gatedal
      • Lindesberg
    Holtstam, D. (1997): Barian magnetoplumbite from Mangruvan, Orebro, Sweden. GFF 119, 17-19.
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Hinterrhein Valley
        • Ferrera Valley
        • Rheinwald
          • Splügen
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. und Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf Verlag, Basel, 579 pp
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Turtmann Valley
    		The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 44, pp. 000 (2006) page 205
    UK
     
    • Wales
      • Gwynedd (Caernarvonshire)
        • Lleyn Peninsula
          • Llanfaelrhys
            • Rhiw
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Hot Spring Co.
    “Smith, A.E., Jr., 1996, Collecting Arkansas Minerals: A R“Smith, A.E., Jr., 1994, “Through the Scope: Collecting Microminerals at Cove Creek, Magnet Cove, Arkansas”: Rocks & Minerals, 69:180-185.eference and Guide.” and
      • Pulaski Co.
        • Little Rock
    No reference listed
        • Sweet Home
          • Granite Mountain complex
    		Horvath collection visual id.
    • Colorado
      • Chaffee Co.
        • La Plata District (Winfield District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Gunnison Co.
        • White Earth District (Powderhorn District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State, p.235
    Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT & Southeastern NY State, p.229.
    • Georgia
      • Jackson Co.
    		Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
    • Idaho
      • Boise Co.
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
      • Custer Co.
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
      • Elmore Co.
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    [MinRec 24:196]
    • Maine
      • Aroostook Co.
        • T3R9WELS
      • York Co.
        • Newfield
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1.
    • Massachusetts
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Plainfield
    		"Western Massachusetts Mineral Localities" by Alan Plante, Valley Geology Press, 1992.
    • Montana
      • Hill Co.
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens
      • Meagher Co.
    		www.cseg.ca/conferences/2000/376.PDF.
    • Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Fitting District
          • Gillis Range
    		Mineralogical Record: 30: 277-292.
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Craig, J.R., et al: Can.Min.:23:491-494 (1985); Valentino, A.J., et al: Econ. Geol.:85:1941-1946; Dunn(1995):Pt4:603.
    • New Mexico
      • Colfax Co.
        • Springer
          • Point of Rocks Mesa (Pecks Mesa)
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
    • North Carolina
      • Alleghany Co.
        • Sparta
          • Bald Knob
    		[MinRec 12:171]
    • Virginia
      • Pittsylvania Co.
        • James River-Roanoke River Mn-Fe-Ba District
    		Rocks & Minerals 77:5 pp320-325
      • Suffolk Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Mineral and/or Locality
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