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Pyroxmangite

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Big Photo

Morro da Mina Mine, Conselheiro Lafaiete (old Queluz de Minas), Minas Gerais, Brazil
© Rob Lavinsky

Show Pyroxmangite Photos (63)



Formula:
MnSiO
 
3
System:TriclinicColour:Pink, red, brown
Hardness:5½ - 6
Name:From PYROXene and MANGanese, in allusion to its structure and content of Manganese.
Dimorph of:Rhodonite


Pyroxferroite-Pyroxmangite Series.

Easily confused with rhodonite; however, pyroxmangite is a high-temperature environment mineral and syntheses have shown that pyroxmangite of MnSiO3 composition is the high-pressure, low-temperature polymorph with respect to rhodonite of the same composition (Maresch & Mottana, 1976).
Both may occur together (Sterling Mine, NJ, USA).

Note: "Type material" from Iva, South Carolina, USA, has been redefined as pyroxferroite, as it has Fe > Mn.

Classification of Pyroxmangite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/F.31-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DO.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
O : Inosilicates with 7-, 8-, 10-, 12- and 14-periodic chains
Dana 8th edition ID:65.6.1.1

65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
6 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=7
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.18.35

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe
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Physical Properties of Pyroxmangite

Lustre:Vitreous, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Pink, red, brown
Hardness (Mohs):5½ - 6
Cleavage:Perfect
On {110}, {11¯0}, (110) ^ (11¯0) = 92° perfect; on {010}, {001} poor.
Density (measured):3.61 - 3.8 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.75 g/cm3

Crystallography of Pyroxmangite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Cell Parameters:a = 9.69Å, b = 10.5Å, c = 17.39Å
α = 112.17°, β = 102.85°, γ = 82.93°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.923 : 1 : 1.656
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,596.00 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals commonly tabular on {001}; porphyroblastic; granular massive.
Twinning:On {010} lamellar; on {001} simple, uncommon.

Optical Data of Pyroxmangite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.726 - 1.748 nβ = 1.728 - 1.750 nγ = 1.744 - 1.764
2V:Measured: 35° to 46°, Calculated: 40° to 42°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.018

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v moderate

Chemical Properties of Pyroxmangite

Formula:
MnSiO
 
3
Essential elements:Mn, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Mn, O, Si
Common Impurities:Al,Fe,Mg,Ca,Na,K,H2O

Relationship of Pyroxmangite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Pyroxferroite (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DO.05Pyroxferroite
(Fe,Mn,Ca)SiO
 
3
9.DO.10Pellyite
Ba
 
2
Ca(Fe,Mg)
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
17
9.DO.15Nordite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(Sr,Ca)Na
 
2
(Na,Mn)(Zn,Mg)Si
 
6
O
 
17
9.DO.15Nordite-(La)
(La,Ce)(Sr,Ca)Na
 
2
(Na,Mn)(Zn,Mg)Si
 
6
O
 
17
9.DO.15Ferronordite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
SrCeFe
2+
 
Si
 
6
O
 
17
9.DO.15Manganonordite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
SrCeMn
2+
 
Si
 
6
O
 
17
9.DO.15Ferronordite-(La)
Na
 
3
Sr(La,Ce)FeSi
 
6
O
 
17
9.DO.20Alamosite
Pb
 
12
[Si
 
12
O
 
36
]
9.DO.25Liebauite
Ca
 
3
Cu
 
5
Si
 
9
O
 
26
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.18.1Nambulite
(Li,Na)Mn
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.2Natronambulite
(Na,Li)(Mn,Ca)
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
14
OH
14.18.3Zakharovite
Na
 
4
Mn
 
5
Si
 
10
O
 
24
(OH)
 
6
 · 6H
 
2
O
14.18.4Norrishite
KLiMn
2+
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
14.18.5Shafranovskite
(Na,K)
 
6
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
Si
 
9
O
 
24
 · 6H
 
2
O
14.18.6Abswurmbachite
CuMn
3+
6
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
8
14.18.7Donpeacorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Mg[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
14.18.8Kanoite
Mn
2+
 
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
14.18.9Caryopilite
(Mn,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
14.18.10Gonyerite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
14.18.11 Tirodite
14.18.12Manganhumite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
14.18.13Bustamite
CaMn
2+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
14.18.14Glaucochroite
CaMn
2+
 
SiO
 
4
14.18.15Truscottite
(Ca,Mn)
 
14
Si
 
24
O
 
58
(OH)
 
8
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.16Santaclaraite
CaMn
 
4
[Si
 
5
O
 
14
OH](OH) · H
 
2
O
14.18.17Ferrobustamite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
14.18.18Johannsenite
CaMn
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
14.18.19Neltnerite
CaMn
3+
6
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
8
14.18.20Orlymanite
Ca
 
4
Mn
 
3
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.21Inesite
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Fe)
 
7
Si
 
10
O
 
28
(OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
14.18.22Orientite
Ca
 
2
Mn
2+
 
Mn
3+
2
(Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
4
14.18.23Ruizite
Ca
 
2
Mn
3+
2
[(OH)
 
2
|H
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
13
] · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.24Bostwickite
CaMn
 
6
Si
 
3
O
 
16
 · 7H
 
2
O
14.18.25Kittatinnyite
Ca
 
2
Mn
 
2
Mn(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · 9H
 
2
O
14.18.26Lithiomarsturite
LiCa
 
2
Mn
 
2
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.27Sérandite
Na(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
14.18.28Kvanefjeldite
Na
 
4
(Ca,Mn)(Si
 
3
O
 
7
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
14.18.29Marsturite
NaCaMn
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.30Raite
Na
 
4
Mn
2+
3
Ti
 
0.25
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O
14.18.31Richterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
14.18.32Byelorussite-(Ce)
NaBa
 
2
Ce
 
2
MnTi
 
2
[Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
O
 
2
(F,OH) · H
 
2
O
14.18.33Deerite
(Fe,Mn)
 
6
(Fe,Al)
 
3
[Si
 
6
O
 
17
]O
 
3
(OH)
 
5
14.18.34Calderite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
14.18.36Dannemorite
14.18.37Neotocite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
14.18.38Babingtonite
Ca
 
2
(Fe,Mn)FeSi
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.39Manganbabingtonite
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Fe)FeSi
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.40Örebroite
Mn
2+
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Sb
5+
 
)(SiO
 
4
)(O,OH)
 
3

Other Names for Pyroxmangite

Synonyms:
Sobralite
Other Languages:
German:Pyroxmangit
Sobralit
Japanese:パイロクスマンガン石
Russian:Пироксмангит
Simplified Chinese:三斜锰辉石
锰三斜辉石
Spanish:Piroxmangita
Sobralita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Pyroxmangite

Reference List:

- +
Ford, W.E. and Bradley, W.M. (1913) Pyroxmangite, a new member of the pyroxene group and its alteration product, skemmatite. American Journal of Science: 36: 169-174 (now identified as pyroxferroite).

Ohashi, Y. and Finger, L.W. (1975) Pyroxenoids. A comparison of refined structures of rhodonite and pyroxmangite. Carnegie Institution Washington Year Book: 74: 564-569.

Maresch, W.V. and Mottana, A. (1976) The pyroxmangite-rhodonite transformation for the MnSiO3 composition. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 55: 69-79.

Narita, H., Koto, K., and Morimoto, N. (1977) The crystal structures of MnSiO3 polymorphs (rhodonite- and pyroxmangite-type). Mineralogical Journal of Sapporo: 8: 329-342.

Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A. & Zussman, J. (1978) Rock-forming Minerals, 2nd. Edition: 2A: 600-613.

American Mineralogist (1988): 73: 798-808.

Nikischer, Tony and Joe Orosz (2007) Lunar Mineral Found at Franklin, Sussex Co., New Jersey. Mineral News: 23(8): 1, 2, 9, 14.

Internet Links for Pyroxmangite

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  • Look for Pyroxmangite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Pyroxmangite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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  • Fabre Minerals - search for Pyroxmangite specimens
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    • Localities for Pyroxmangite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		No reference listed
    Birch et al 1982. Minerals of Broken Hill
    • Queensland
      • Mount Isa - Cloncurry area
        • Selwyn District
    		www.geodiscovery.com.au/download/Cannington%20Abstract.pdf.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
          • Hüttenberger Erzberg
    		F. Münichsdorfer: Carinthia II, special ed. no. 48 (1989)
            • Knappenberg
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
          • Lölling
    		Natural History Museum Vienna collection
        • St Salvator
          • Moschitzberg
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Koralpe
        • Prössinggraben (Pressinggraben)
    		F. Walter: Mitt. Öster. Miner. Ges. 137:212-216 (1992)
        • Rieding
    		Franz Bernhard, XRD and SEM-EDS
      • Saualpe
        • Reisberg
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Styria
      • Koralpe
        • Deutschlandsberg
          • Glashütten
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Postl, W. (1988); Exel, R. (1993), XRD Franz Bernhard 2007
      • Mitterdorf
        • Veitsch
          • Kleinveitsch
            • Kaiblinggraben
    		http://www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com/polishedslabs.html
    Postl W. et al. (1998)
      • Neumarkt
        • Dürnstein
    		I. Praetzel: Der Karinthin 93:293-301 (1985)
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Kals valley
    		Abrecht, J. (1990) An As-rich manganiferous mineral assemblage from the Ködnitz Valley (Eastern Alps, Austria): Geology, mineralogy, genetic considerations, and implications for metamorphic Mn deposits. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1990, 363-375.
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
    		Mineral Label; Min Rec 39:125-130
    http://acd.ufrj.br/geologia/posgrad/area1_d.htm
    China
     
    • Fujian Province
      • Longyan Prefecture
        • Liancheng Co.
    		Nanlai Zheng, Xingli Mao, and Jiansheng Ding (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 17-20
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Chaoyang Prefecture
        • Chaoyang Co.
    		Fan Delian, Li Jiaju, Ye Jie, Hariya, Y., and Miura, H. (1992): Some new data on manganese silicate-manganese oxide ores from ferro-manganese ore deposit Wafangzi, PRC (abstract). 29th international geological congress (Kyoto, 24 August - 3 September 1992).
      • Huludao Prefecture
        • Jianchang Co.
          • Bajiazi Zn-Pb-Ag deposit
    		Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182.
    Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182.
    Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182.
    Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182.
    Xue-Hui Xia, Chang-Tao Liu, and Fei Yan (1999): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica [Yanshikuangwuxue Zazhi] 18(2), 150-156; Xuehui Xia, Jiazhong Yuan, Yuhai Zhao, and Fei Yan (2003): Geology of Chemical Minerals 25(4), 129-144
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Pardubice Region
    		Prachař, I.: Současný stav výskytu nerostů ve Chvaleticích. Acta musei Reginaehradecensis, série A: vědy přírodní, 1981, roč. XVI., s. 99-102.
    Finland
     
    • Western and Inner Finland Region
      • Seinäjoki
    		No reference listed
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
          • Nabias
    		European J. Mineralogy, 11/5, 879-890
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
    Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
              • Wingertsberg
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
            • Bellerberg volcano
    		[Blass, G., Ternes, B., Über den Erstfund von Pyroxmangit vom Bellerberg bei Ettringen in der Vulkaneife, Mineralien-Welt 5/2, 41, 1994] [A. Wittern: Mineralfundorte in Deutschland, Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001]
    India
     
    • Andhra Pradesh
      • Vizianagaram District
    		Econ Geol (1980) 75:1083-1104
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
    		[MinRec 32:356]
            • Reppia
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, (4), 131
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Strona Valley
    		Bertolani, M. (1976): Il giacimento manganesifero di Ravinella di Sotto presso Forno (Valle Strona di Omegna).
      • Vercelli Province
        • Sesia Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Massa-Carrara Province
        • Fivizzano
    		Di Sabatino, 1967. Su una paragenesi del giacimento manganesifero di Scortico (Alpi Apuane). Period. Miner., 36: 965-992.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido
      • Oshima peninsula
        • Kumaishi
    N. Aikawa (1987) Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University, 30, 1-13.
      • Sapporo
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Aichi Prefecture
          • Kita-Shidara-gun
            • Shidara-cho
    		(innumerable specimens widely distributed in japanese collections)
        • Gifu Prefecture
    		Donald E. Lee (1955); Am Min (1955) 40:32-40
    Donald E. Lee (1955)
        • Nagano Prefecture
          • Kami-Ina-gun
            • Hamayokokawa mine (Hamayokogawa mine)
    		Akira Kato (2011) Explanations of distributed specimens at the Ordinary Meeting of Mumeikai Group, No. 34 (January, 20011).
    Akira Kato (2011) Explanations of distributed specimens at the Ordinary Meeting of Mumeikai Group, No. 34 (January, 20011).
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
          • Nagawa-mura
    		Yoshinaga, M. (1959) Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu University, Ser. D, 9, 47-53.
      • Chugoku Region
        • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
          • Iwakuni City
    		Lee, D. E. (1955); Am Min (1955) 40:32-40
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Lee, D. E. (1955); Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.; Am Min (1955) 40:32-40
    Lee, D. E. (1955)
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 61.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Kanto Region
        • Gunma Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
          • Rito mine
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Kasama City
            • Iwama
    		M. Haruna et al (2002) Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 1069-1089.
        • Tochigi Prefecture
          • Kanuma City
            • Awano
    		[AmMin 84:196]
        • Tokyo Prefecture
          • Nishi-Tama-gun
            • Okutama-cho
    		N. Aikawa (1987) Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University, 30, 1-13.
      • Kinki Region
        • Hyogo Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Kyoto Prefecture
          • Kita-Kuwata-gun
    		Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto)
          • Naka-gun
    		Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (curated at Geological Survey museum, Japan)
          • Sohraku-gun
    		Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
        • Shiga Prefecture
          • Takashima City
    		Alfredo Petrov coll.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate prefecture
          • Kamaishi City
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
          • Kuzumaki
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Miyako City
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Noda
    		Watanabe, T. (1959) Mineralogical Journal, 2, 6, 408-421
          • Shimohei-gun
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
            • Fudai
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
            • Iwaizumi
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Omori, K. and Hasegawa, S. (1956) Chemical composition of perthite, ilmenite, allanite and pyroxmangite occurred in pegmatites of a vicinity of Iwaizmi Town, Iwate Prefecture. Sci. Rept. Tohoku University, Third Series: 5: 129-137.
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Otago
        • Dunedin
    		Coombsite, Mn analogue of zussmanite, and associated Mn-silicates, parsettensite and caryopilite, from southeast Otago, New Zealand, TERUHIKO SAMESHIMA and YOSUKE KAWACHI, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1991, Vol. 3
    Romania
     
    • Caras-Severin Co.
      • Banat Mts
        • Ocna de Fier-Dognecea District
          • Ocna de Fier (Vaskö-Moraviţa; Vaskö-Moravicza; Eisenstein)
    		Ciobanu, Cristiana Liana and Cook, Nigel John, 2003, Skarn Textures and A Case Study: The Ocna de Fier - Dognecea Orefield, Romania, Ore Geology Reviews, p. 315-370.
    • Maramures Co.
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    • Suceava Co.
      • Suceava district
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    Russia
     
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
    		American Mineralogist, Vol. 64, 1979, pp. 432-435
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk)
            • Sedel'nikovo
    		Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) Rhodonite deposits of Middle Ural, - S.-Peterburg Univercity press, p. 200 (in Rus.).
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic
          • Sibay
    		Brusnitsyn, A.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(3), 193-214.
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Gelnica Co.
        • Smolník Mining District
          • Bystrý Potok
    		Rojkovič, I. (2001): Geolines 13, 34-41.
      • Rožňava Co.
        • Rožňava (Rosenau)
          • Čučma
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    South Korea
     
    • Gangwon-do (Kangwon-do; Gang'weondo)
      • Yeonwha
        • Yeonwha Mine
    		Econ Geol (1993) 88:855-872
    Spain
     
    • Catalonia
      • Tarragona
        • Priorat
          • El Molar
    		Mineralogistes de Catalunya, vol. III num. 5
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Hedemora
        • Garpenberg
    		Grensman, F., Kalinowski, M.P. and Sandström, F. (2001): Garpenberg Norra. Litofilen. 18 (2), 26-46.
      • Ludvika
        • Väster-Silvberg
          • Svartberg orefield
      • Smedjebacken
    • Södermanland
      • Nyköping
        • Tunaberg
    		No reference listed
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Engadin
        • Piz Corvatsch
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 317.
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 317.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Zermatt - Saas Fee area
        • Matt Valley
          • Täsch Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 317.
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Glenelg
    		[Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London]
    • Wales
      • Gwynedd (Caernarvonshire)
        • Lleyn Peninsula
          • Llanfaelrhys
            • Nant-y-Gadwen
    		Cotterell, T.F., 2006. Caryopilite and pyroxmangite from Nant Mine, Nant-y-Gadwen, Llanfaelrhys, Pen Llyn, Gwynedd, Wales UK Journal of Mines and Minerals, 27, 51-53.
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Denali Borough
        • Denali NP and Preserve
          • Kantishna Hills District
    		USGS OFR 2004-1200(Hawley,2004)
      • Valdez-Cordova Borough
        • Prince William Sound District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • California
      • Kern Co.
        • Rand District
          • Randsburg
    		Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 54; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 310; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 411.
    • Colorado
      • Hinsdale Co.
        • Lake City District (Lake District)
          • Lake City
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels; Econ Geol (1980) 75:963-991
      • Mineral Co.
        • Creede District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Ouray Co.
        • Sneffels District (Mount Sneffels District)
          • Ouray
    		Min.Rec.:20(5):388 (see also Rocks & Min.:62:9, 64:140-141 & 65:114-149).
      • San Juan Co.
        • Eureka District
    		Rocks & Min.: 63: 366-384.
      • San Miguel Co.
        • Ouray District (Uncompahgre District)
          • Telluride
    		Rocks & Min.:59:34 & 64:144.
    • Michigan
      • Marquette Co.
        • Marquette iron range
          • Champion
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Dunn(1995):Pt3:442.
    Dunn(1995):Pt3:442.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Dunn(1995):Pt3:442.
    • New Mexico
      • Sierra Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • New York
      • St. Lawrence Co.
        • Balmat-Edwards Zinc District
    		NY State Museum spec. no. 12688
    • North Carolina
      • Alleghany Co.
        • Sparta
          • Bald Knob
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:130-135.
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