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Ranciéite

Big Photo

St Johannes Mine, Wolkenstein, Marienberg District, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany
© Thomas Witzke

Show Ranciéite Photos (12)
Formula:
(Ca,Mn)Mn
 
4
O
 
9
·3H
 
2
O
System:TrigonalColour:Black, brownish, violet.
Lustre:MetallicHardness:2½ - 3
Name:Named after its discovery locality, the Le Rancié Mine, Sem, Vicdessos, Ariège, Midi-Pyrénées, France.


Birnessite Group. Rancieite-Takanelite Series. The calcium analogue of Takanelite.

Classification of Ranciéite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.12-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.FL.40

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
L : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:7.10.1.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
10 : AB4X9
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.4.16

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
4 : Oxides of Be, Mg and the alkaline earths
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Type Occurrence of Ranciéite

Type Locality:Le Rancié Mine, Sem, Vicdessos, Ariège, Midi-Pyrénées, France

Physical Properties of Ranciéite

Lustre:Metallic
Colour:Black, brownish, violet.
Streak:Dark brown
Hardness (Mohs):2½ - 3

Crystallography of Ranciéite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:P3
Cell Parameters:a = 2.485Å, c = 7.485Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 3.012
Unit Cell Volume:V 40.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:1
Morphology:Flaky
Comment:Data from Ertl et al. (2005)

Chemical Properties of Ranciéite

Formula:
(Ca,Mn)Mn
 
4
O
 
9
·3H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Ca, H, Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:Ca, H, Mn, O

Relationship of Ranciéite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Takanelite (see here)
Member of Group:
Birnessite Group:
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.FL.05Woodallite
Mg
 
6
Cr
 
2
(OH)
 
16
Cl
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Iowaite
Mg
 
4
Fe(OH)
 
8
OCl·4H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Jamborite
(Ni
2+
 
,Ni
3+
 
,Co,Fe)(OH)
 
2
(OH,S,H
 
2
O)
4.FL.05Meixnerite
Mg
 
6
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
18
·4H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Muskoxite
Mg
 
7
Fe
 
4
O
 
13
·10H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Fougèrite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
6
Fe
3+
2
(OH)
 
18
 · 4H
 
2
O
4.FL.10Hydrocalumite
Ca
 
2
Al(OH)
 
7
·2H
 
2
O
4.FL.15Kuzelite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
2.4
(OH)
 
12.8
(SO
 
4
)·6H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Aurorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ag,Ca)Mn
4+
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Chalcophanite
(Zn,Fe,Mn)Mn
 
3
O
 
7
·3H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Ernienickelite
NiMn
 
3
O
 
7
·3H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Jianshuiite
(Mg,Mn)Mn
 
3
O
 
7
·3H
 
2
O
4.FL.25Woodruffite
Zn(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
5
O
 
10
·3½H
 
2
O
4.FL.30Asbolane
(Ni,Co)
 
2-x
Mn
4+
 
(O,OH)
 
4
 · nH
 
2
O
4.FL.35Buserite
Na
 
4
Mn
 
14
O
 
27
 ·21H
 
2
O
4.FL.40Takanelite
(Mn,Ca)Mn
 
4
O
 
9
·H
 
2
O
4.FL.45Birnessite
(Na,Ca)
 
0.5
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
4
 · 1.5H
 
2
O
4.FL.55Cianciulliite
Mn(Mg,Mn)
 
2
Zn
 
2
(OH)
 
10
·2-4H
 
2
O
4.FL.60Jensenite
Cu
 
3
[TeO
 
6
] · 2H
 
2
O
4.FL.65Leisingite
Cu(Mg,Cu,Fe,Zn)
 
2
[TeO
 
6
] · 6H
 
2
O
4.FL.70Akdalaite
4Al
 
2
O
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
4.FL.75Cafetite
(Ca,Mg)(Fe,Al)
 
2
Ti
 
4
O
 
12
·4H
 
2
O
4.FL.80Mourite
UMo
 
5
O
 
12
(OH)
 
10
4.FL.85Deloryite
Cu
 
4
(UO
 
2
)(MoO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.4.1Bromellite
BeO
7.4.2Behoite
Be(OH)
 
2
7.4.3Clinobehoite
Be(OH)
 
2
7.4.4Chrysoberyl
BeAl
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.5Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S
Mg
 
3
Al
 
8
BeO
 
16
7.4.6Magnesiotaaffeite-6N’3S
(Mg,Fe,Zn)
 
2
Al
 
6
BeO
 
12
7.4.7Periclase
MgO
7.4.8Brucite
Mg(OH)
 
2
7.4.9Spinel
MgAl
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.10Meixnerite
Mg
 
6
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
18
·4H
 
2
O
7.4.11Lime
CaO
7.4.12Portlandite
Ca(OH)
 
2
7.4.13Mayenite
Ca
 
12
Al
 
14
O
 
33
7.4.14Hydrocalumite
Ca
 
2
Al(OH)
 
7
·2H
 
2
O
7.4.15Marokite
CaMn
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.17Hollandite
Ba(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
7.4.18Romanèchite
(Ba,H
 
2
O)
 
2
Mn
 
5
O
 
10
7.4.19Todorokite
(Ca,K,Na,Mg,Ba,Mn)(Mn,Mg,Al)
 
6
O
 
12
·3H
 
2
O

Other Names for Ranciéite

Synonyms:
Calcium PsilomelaneRanciérite
Other Languages:
German:Ranciéit
Japanese:ランシー鉱
Russian:Рансьеит
Spanish:Ranciéita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Ranciéite

Reference List:Leymérie (1859): 2: 329.

Lacroix (1910): 4: 24.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 572.

American Mineralogist(1969): 54: 1741-1742.

American Mineralogist (1991): 76: 1426-1430.

Ertl, A., Pertlik, F., Prem, M., Post, J.E., Kim, S.J., Brandstätter. F., Alfschuster, R. (2005): Ranciéite crystals from Friesach, Carinthia, Austria. European Journal of Mineralogy, 17, 163-172.

Post, J.E., Heaney, P.J. & Ertl, A. (2008): Rietveld refinement of the ranciéite structure using synchrotron powder diffraction data. Powder Diffr. 23, 10-14.

Internet Links for Ranciéite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
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  • Ranciéite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Ranciéite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Victoria
      • Flinders
    Austria
     
    • Burgenland
      • Großpetersdorf
        • Badersdorf
    		Ertl, A. (2002): Ranciéit, Hollandit und Braunit von Steinbruch Holler, Badersdorf, Burgenland. In: Niedermayr, G. et al. Neue Mineralfunde aus Österrich Li. Carinthia II, 192/112, 215-244.
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Friesach
          • Olsa
    		A. Ertl, F. Pertlik, M. Prem, J. E. Post, S. J. Kim, F. Brandstätter, R. Schuster (2005): Eur. J. Mineral. 17(1):163-172
        • Hüttenberg
          • Hüttenberger Erzberg
    		H. Meixner: Carinthia II 171./91.:36-37 (1981)
    J. Taucher: Carinthia II 186./106.:120-121 (1996)
      • Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen Mts
        • Bleiberg District
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
        • Hermagor
          • Poludnig Mt.
    		G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 187./107.:175 (1997)
      • Gurktaler Alpen Mts
        • St Veit an der Glan
          • Tauchendorf
            • Grassendorf
    		G. Blass, H. W. Graf: Carinthia II 191./111.:145-147 (2001)
      • Packalpe Mts
        • Bad St Leonhard
    • Salzburg
      • Schwarzach
        • Lend
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs, 1993
    • Styria
      • Bad Radkersburg
        • Klöch
    		Taucher, J. et al. (1989)
      • Eisenerz
    		Lapis 8(4), 14-24 (1983)
      • Fischbacher Alpen Mts
        • Rettenegg
          • Prinzkogel (Prinzenkogel) Mt.
            • Prinzkogel Mt. mines
              • Southern District
    		Jakely, D. et al. (2008); Taucher, J. (1996)
      • Graz
        • Gratkorn
          • Kanzelkogel Mt.
    		Postl, W. (1992), Exel, R. (1993)
      • Leoben
    		Postl, W. (1998)
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Lajemmerais RCM
          • Varennes & St-Amable
            • Saint-Amable sill
    		Horváth Collection - confirmed by XRD & microprobe
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Laszlo Horvath pers. comm 10/06/2006
    Cuba
     
    AmMin 64:1199-1218.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Bas-Rhin
        • Lembach
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997, 15-17
      • Haut-Rhin
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    Paul De Bondt.
        • Thur valley (Thann valley)
          • Bitschwiller-les-Thann
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", 1997
          • Mollau
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
          • Urbès
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Franche-Comté
      • Haute-Saône
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Lozère
    		[MinRec 8:517]
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Arles sur Tech
          • Corsavy
    		Berbain, C., Favreau, G. & Aymar, J. (2005): Mines et Minéraux des Pyrénées-Orientales et des Corbières. Association Française de Microminéralogie Ed., 39-44. and collection Guitard CERP Tautavel
        • Céret
          • Oms
    		Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 2007, 95, 3-24.
        • Prades
          • Olette
    		Berbain, C., Favreau, G. & Aymar, J.(2005): Mines et Minéraux des Pyrénées-Orientales et des Corbières. Association Française de Microminéralogie Ed.,85-90.
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Vicdessos
          • Sem
    		[American Mineralogist, 54, 1741-1742 (1969); MinRec 9:133]
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Spessart Mts
          • Aschaffenburg
            • Dörrmorsbach
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
          • Schöllkrippen
            • Huckelheim
    		Schmitt, R. T. (1997): Erstfunde von Ranciéit aus dem Spessart. Der Aufschluss, 48, 353-355
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Bad Grund
            • Iberg Mt.
    		No reference listed
        • Lautenthal
    		J. Gröbner, I. Dittrich & R. Dittrich (2006): Mangan-Mineralien aus dem Innerste-Tal im Harz. Lapis 31 (4), 32-33; 50.
        • St Andreasberg District
          • St Andreasberg
    		J. Gröbner: Neufunde aus den Bergbaurevieren St. Andreasberg, Bad Lauterberg und von Oberschulenberg im Harz, MINERALIEN-WELT 18 (2007), 43-51.
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Eifel Mts
        • Düren
          • Untermaubach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
        • Mechernich
          • Kall
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
    		Henrich, M. (2008): Neues von der Grube Eisenzecher Zug. Mineralien-Welt 19 (5), 16-25.
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Bad Bergzabern
        • Nothweiler
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Eifel Mts
        • Daun
          • Üdersdorf
    		Blass, G., Graf, HW., Neufunde von bekannten Fundorten (VIII), Mineralien-Welt 5/1993
        • Hillesheim
    		Blass, G., Graf, HW., Kolitsch, U., Neue Funde und Mineralien aus der Eifel, Mineralien-Welt 1/2002
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Marienberg District
          • Wolkenstein
    		XRD and SEM-EDX analysis (T. Witzke)
    • Thuringia
      • Harz Mts
        • Stempeda
    		J. Gröbner & J. Wesiger (2008): Die Mineralien des Kupferschieferbergbaus an südlichen Harzrand bei Ilfeld in Thüringen. Mineralien-Welt 19 (2), 18-28.
    Hungary
     
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Rudabányai Mts.
        • Rudabánya
    		Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
      • Szendrői Mts.
        • Rakacaszend
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    • Fejér Co.
      • Szár Hill
        • Kőszárhegy
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
        • Szabadbattyán
    		Szakáll: Minerals of Szár Hill, 2004
    • Heves Co.
      • Mátra Mts.
        • Abasár
    		Szakáll-Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    • Nógrád Co.
      • Cserhát Mts.
        • Sámsonháza
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
      • Karancs-Medves Mts.
        • Somoskő
    		Szakáll: 100 Hungarian Mineral Locality, 2004
    • Vas Co.
      • Kőszegi Mts.
        • Velem
    Indonesia
     
    • Jawa Island (Java Island)
      • Jawa Barat Province (West Java Province)
        • Bogor District
    		Milési, J.P., Marcoux, E., Sitorus, T., Simandjuntak, M., Leroy, J., and Bailly, L. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 131-149.
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Nus
        • Saint-Barthélemy
    		• Barresi, A.A., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Ambrino, P., Bracco, R., Bonacina, E. (2005): La miniera di manganese di Varenche (Aosta, Italia nord-occidentale): ardennite, arseniopleite, manganberzeliite, pirofanite, sarkinite, thortveitite, nuovo As-Sc-analogo della metavariscite e altre specie. Micro (località), 2/2005, 81-122.
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
    		Redazionale (2005): Sistematica ligure: resoconto 2005. Notiziario di Mineralogia del Ferrania Club, 19 , 3-5.
            • Reppia
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, (4), 131
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Brosso
          • Cavallaria Mount
    		Barresi, A. A., & Ambrino, P., 2006. Monte Cavallaria. I minerali delle cave di quarzo "Alpetta, Piani e Rio Freddo". Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30 (2): 76-97.
    • Sardinia
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Gonnesa
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente - Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Volume 1 & 2. Nine Italian Mineralogical Groups/Associations, 192 + 239 pp.
    • Veneto
      • Verona Province
        • Arbizzano
          • Novare
    		A. Longhi, Miniere e Minerali del Veronese, (1979), edizioni libreria cortina Verona
        • Negrar
          • Montecchio
            • Vajo Siresol
    		A. Longhi, Miniere e Minerali del Veronese, (1979), edizioni libreria cortina Verona
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Aichi Prefecture
          • Kita-Shidara-gun
            • Shidara
    		Yamada collection (Crystal World, Japan)
        • Shizuoka prefecture
          • Shimoda City
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Kanto Region
        • Kanagawa Prefecture
          • Hadano City
    		Mineralogical Journal Vol. 17 (1994) , No. 5 pp 211-218
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu-gun
            • Ohtaki-mura
              • Nakatsugawa
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Shikoku Island
      • Ehime Prefecture
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Ahumada
    		Cross, B. & Culp Zeitner J. (2006), Geodes Natures Treasures, P.26
    Norway
     
    • Vest-Agder
      • Kristiansand
    		Breivik, H. ; Myre, K. & Larsen, A. O. (2007): Manganforekomster på Sørlandet: Kivikdalen (Kostøl, Ålefjær): Bergverksmuseets Skrift nr 35, 25-31
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Ząbkowice District
        • Ząbkowice (Frankenstein)
          • Szklary (Gläsendorf)
    		Pieczka A. 2006: An unusual manganoan apatite from the Szklary pegmatite (Lower Silesia, Poland). Mineralogia Polonica - Special Papers, vol. 28, 178-180
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Lovozero Massif
    		Zap. Vseross. Mineral. Obshch., 130(6), 63–67
            • Seidozero Lake
              • Lepkhe-Nel'm Mt. (Lepkhe-Nelm Mt.)
    		I.V. Pekov et al.: Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshch. 133(1):49-59 (2004); Semenov E.I. (1972) Mineralogy of Lovozero alkaline massif, - Moscow, Nauka, p. 308 (in Rus.)
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Orenburgskaya Oblast'
          • Orsk
            • Khalilov District
              • Khabarnin massif
    		Sharkov, A.A. (2009): Lithology and Mineral Resources 44(1), 19-35.
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Altai Republic (Gorno-Altayskaya Autonomous Oblast')
        • Ust'-Koksa district
    		Vera N. Smol'yaninova data
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Ľubietová (Libetbánya; Libethen) ore belt
    		Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p
    Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p
    • Košice Region
      • Čierna hora Mts
        • Družstevná pri Hornáde
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    • Trenčín region
      • Biele Karpáty Mts
    		Aubrecht,R., Mišík,M., ,Sýkora,M., Šamajová,E., 1998: Kontroverzné bradlo czorsztynskej jednotky v Bolešovskej doline medzi Nemšovou a Pruským. Min.slovaca, 30,5,431 - 442
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Granada
        • Busquistar
    		- Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp.
    • Aragón
      • Teruel
        • Ojos Negros
    		Calvo, M. (2008). Minerales de Aragón. Prames, Zaragoza. 463 pags.
    • Catalonia
      • Barcelona
        • Baix Llobregat
          • Gavà
            • Bruguers
    		Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp.
    Switzerland
     
    • Aargau
      • Frick
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 399.
      • Wildegg
        • Holderbank
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 399.
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Albula Valley
        • Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass)
          • Tinizong (Tinzen)
    Turkey
     
    • Aegean Region
      • Denizli Province
        • Kale
    		Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.
    Ukraine
     
    • Crimea Oblast'
      • Crimea peninsula
        • Kerch peninsula (Kertch peninsula)
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Valdez-Cordova Borough
        • Copper River District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Dragoon Mts
          • Turquoise District (Courtland-Gleeson District)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 352.
      • Pima Co.
        • Ajo District
          • Little Ajo Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 352.
    • Arkansas
      • Independence Co.
    		Howard, 1987. Mineral Species of Arkansas
    • Massachusetts
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Plainfield
    		"Western Massachusetts Mineral Localities" by Alan Plante, Valley Geology Press, 1992.
    • Nevada
      • Nye Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Eddy Co.
        • Carlsbad
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. Rev. Ed., 1996
    • North Dakota
      • Bottineau Co.
        • Turtle Mts
    		NDGS B-15(Hendricks,1943)
    • Virginia
      • Alleghany Co.
        • Bolling Springs
    		AmMin: 64:1199-1218
    Mineral and/or Locality
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