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Rathite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About RathiteHide

06464490014947149621861.jpg
Gerhard vom Rath
Formula:
Ag2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40
May contain minor Sb substituting for As.
Substitution 2Pb <-> Tl + As. Topa & Kolitsch (2018) revised the general formula to AgxTlyPb16-2(x+y)As16+x+y-zSbzS40 (with 1.6 < x < 2, 0 < y < 3, 0 < z < 3.5).
Colour:
Silver to lead-gray, tarnishes iridescent
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
5.33 - 5.41
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named after Gerhard vom Rath (1830-1888), Professor of Mineralogy, Bonn, Germany.
Berlepsch et al. (2002) note that Ag substitution is probably essential in the structure and makes the mineral different from dufrénoysite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3370
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3370:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
21757685-ac68-471f-a95f-055754e7cc74

IMA Classification of RathiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ag2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40
First published:
1896

Classification of RathiteHide

2.HC.05d

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb
3.7.12.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
5.7.47

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
RatIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
RatThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of RathiteHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Silver to lead-gray, tarnishes iridescent
Streak:
Chocolate-brown
Hardness:
Cleavage:
Perfect
{100} perfect.
Parting:
On {010}.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
5.33 - 5.41 g/cm3 (Measured)    5.31 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of RathiteHide

Anisotropism:
Strong; olive-green or yellow and bluish violet
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1R2
400nm40.0%45.2%
420nm39.2%44.8%
440nm38.4%44.3%
460nm37.8%43.7%
480nm37.2%43.7%
500nm36.6%42.8%
520nm36.0%42.3%
540nm35.4%41.8%
560nm34.7%41.0%
580nm34.0%40.2%
600nm33.3%39.3%
620nm32.6%38.4%
640nm31.9%37.6%
660nm31.3%36.7%
680nm30.7%35.9%
700nm30.2%35.2%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 45.2%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
White
Internal Reflections:
Deep red
Pleochroism:
Strong

Chemistry of RathiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ag2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40

May contain minor Sb substituting for As.
Substitution 2Pb <-> Tl + As. Topa & Kolitsch (2018) revised the general formula to AgxTlyPb16-2(x+y)As16+x+y-zSbzS40 (with 1.6 < x < 2, 0 < y < 3, 0 < z < 3.5).

Crystallography of RathiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.496(1) Å, b = 7.969(1) Å, c = 25.122(3) Å
β = 100.704(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.066 : 1 : 3.152
Unit Cell V:
1,671.28 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Prismatic to short prismatic and striated [001].
Twinning:
On {100} producing polysynthetic pseudo-orthorhombic crystals; also on {3¯01}. Exhibits polysynthetic twin lamellae of irregular thickness.
Comment:
Data from Berlepsch et al. (2002).

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0010628RathiteMarumo F, Nowacki W (1965) The crystal structure of rathite-I Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 122 433-4561965Lengenbach quarry, Binnatal, Switzerland0293
0010712RathiteEngel P, Nowacki W (1970) Die kristallstruktur von rathit-II [As25 S56|PbVII6.5 PBIX12] Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 131 356-3751970Lengenbach, Binnatal, Switzerland0293
0011095RathiteBerlepsch P, Armbruster T, Topa D (2002) Structural and chemical variations in rathite, Pb8Pb4-x(Tl2As2)x(Ag2As2)As16S40: modulations of a parent structure Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 217 581-5902002Valais, Switzerland0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.75 Å(100)
3.60 Å(80)
3.39 Å(70)
2.87 Å(70)
4.19 Å(60)
2.97 Å(60)
2.22 Å(50)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of RathiteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Striated crystals to a few millimeters in size.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, B742.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Dolomite

Synonyms of RathiteHide

Other Language Names for RathiteHide

Russian:Ратит
Simplified Chinese:斜方砷铅矿
Spanish:Rathita

Relationship of Rathite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Other Members of this group:
ArgentobaumhaueriteAg1.5Pb22As33.5S72Tric. 1 : P1
ArgentodufrénoysiteAg3Pb26As35S80Tric. 1 : P1
ArgentoliveingiteAg3+xPb36-2xAs51+xS112Tric. 1 : P1
BarikaiteAg3Pb10(Sb8As11)S40Mon. 2/m : P21/b
BaumhaueritePb12As16S36Tric. 1 : P1
BernarlottiitePb6(As5Sb3)S18Tric. 1 : P1
BoscardiniteTlPb4(Sb7As2)S18Tric. 1 : P1
Carducciite(Ag2Sb2)Pb12(As,Sb)16S40Mon. 2/m : P21/b
DekatriasartoriteTlPb58As97S204Mon. 2/m : P21/b
DufrénoysitePb2As2S5Mon. 2 : P21
ÉcrinsiteAgTl3Pb4As11Sb9S36Tric. 1 : P1
EnneasartoriteTl6Pb32As70S140Mon. 2/m : P21/b
GuettarditePb8(Sb0.56As0.44)16S32Mon. 2/m : P21/b
HendekasartoriteTl2Pb48As82S172Mon. 2/m : P21/b
HeptasartoriteTl7Pb22As55S108Mon. 2/m : P21/b
HyršlitePb8As10Sb6S32Mon. 2 : P21
IncomsartoriteTl6Pb144As246S516Mon. 2/m
InterliveingiteAgPb18As25S56Mon. 2 : P21
LiveingitePb9As13S28Mon. 2 : P21
ParapierrotiteTlSb5S8Mon. m
PhilrothiteTlAs3S5Mon. 2/m : P21/b
PierrotiteTl2(Sb,As)10S16Orth. mm2 : Pna21
PolloneiteAgPb46As26Sb23S120Mon. 2 : P21
SartoritePbAs2S4Mon. 2/m : P21/m
Twinnite Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4Mon. 2/m
VeenitePb16Sb9-xAs7+xS40, x ~ 0-0.5Mon. 2 : P21

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
17 photos of Rathite associated with RealgarAs4S4
12 photos of Rathite associated with PyriteFeS2
9 photos of Rathite associated with HendekasartoriteTl2Pb48As82S172
2 photos of Rathite associated with SmithiteAgAsS2
1 photo of Rathite associated with ImhofiteTl5.8As15.4S26
1 photo of Rathite associated with Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
1 photo of Rathite associated with OrpimentAs2S3

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.HC.BernarlottiitePb6(As5Sb3)S18Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05bArgentobaumhaueriteAg1.5Pb22As33.5S72Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05bBaumhaueritePb12As16S36Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05dDufrénoysitePb2As2S5Mon. 2 : P21
2.HC.05aGuettarditePb8(Sb0.56As0.44)16S32Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.05cLiveingitePb9As13S28Mon. 2 : P21
2.HC.05fParapierrotiteTlSb5S8Mon. m
2.HC.05fPierrotiteTl2(Sb,As)10S16Orth. mm2 : Pna21
2.HC.05aSartoritePbAs2S4Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HC.05aTwinnite Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4Mon. 2/m
2.HC.05dVeenitePb16Sb9-xAs7+xS40, x ~ 0-0.5Mon. 2 : P21
2.HC.05gMarumoitePb32As40S92Mon. 2 : P21
2.HC.05dRathite-IVPbAs2S4
2.HC.05fPhilrothiteTlAs3S5Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.05hPolloneiteAgPb46As26Sb23S120Mon. 2 : P21
2.HC.05eHeptasartoriteTl7Pb22As55S108Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.05eHendekasartoriteTl2Pb48As82S172Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.05eÉcrinsiteAgTl3Pb4As11Sb9S36Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05bBaumhauerite II
2.HC.05cArgentoliveingiteAg3+xPb36-2xAs51+xS112Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05eIncomsartoriteTl6Pb144As246S516Mon. 2/m
2.HC.05dArgentodufrénoysiteAg3Pb26As35S80Tric. 1 : P1
2.HC.05aHyršlitePb8As10Sb6S32Mon. 2 : P21
2.HC.05eDekatriasartoriteTlPb58As97S204Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.10aFülöppitePb3Sb8S15Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.10cHeteromorphitePb7Sb8S19Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.10bPlagionitePb5Sb8S17Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.10dRayitePb8(Ag,Tl)2Sb8S21Mon.
2.HC.10dSemseyitePb9Sb8S21Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.HC.15BoulangeritePb5Sb4S11Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.15FalkmanitePb3Sb2S6Mon.
2.HC.20RobinsonitePb4Sb6S13Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.HC.25MoëloitePb6Sb6S14(S3)Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 2
2.HC.30DadsonitePb23Sb25S60ClTric. 1 : P1
2.HC.35OwyheeiteAg3Pb10Sb11S28Mon. 2/m
2.HC.35ZoubekiteAgPb4Sb4S10Orth.
2.HC.40ParasterryiteAg4Pb20Sb14As10S58Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.HC.50LopatkaitePb5Sb3AsS11Mon. 2/m : P21/b

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for RathiteHide

References for RathiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for RathiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Spain
 
  • Castile and Leon
    • León
      • Crémenes
Crespo et al. (2000)
Switzerland (TL)
 
  • Valais
    • Goms
      • Binn
        • Fäld
Zeits. Kryst. Min. (1896) +3 other references
50. (in German) +2 other references
Ukraine
 
  • Odessa Oblast
    • Podilsk Raion
Bobrov et al. (2006, August) +1 other reference
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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