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Renierite

Formula:
(Cu,Zn)
 
11
(Ge,As)
 
2
Fe
 
4
S
 
16
System:TetragonalColour:Orange-bronze, tarnishes ...
Hardness:4 - 5
Name:Named after Armund Marie Vincent Joseph Renier, Director of the Geological Survey of Belgium.


Charge balance maintained by coupled substitution Zn+Ge = Cu+As.

Classification of Renierite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/C.10-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.CB.35

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
Dana 8th edition ID:2.9.4.1

2 : SULFIDES
9 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:6.2.3

6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
2 : Sulphogermanates
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Type Occurrence of Renierite

Type Locality:Kipushi Mine (Prince Léopold Mine), Kipushi, Lubumbashi (Elizabethville), Southern area, Katanga Copper Crescent, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
Year of Discovery:1948

Physical Properties of Renierite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Orange-bronze, tarnishes reddish
Hardness (Mohs):4 - 5

Crystallography of Renierite

Crystal System:Tetragonal
Class (H-M):4 2m - Scalenohedral
Space Group:P4 2c
Cell Parameters:a = 10.62Å, c = 10.55Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 0.993
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,189.88 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.06 (100)
2.65 (30)
1.871 (80)
Comments:(for Zn-rich As-poor renierite)

Chemical Properties of Renierite

Formula:
(Cu,Zn)
 
11
(Ge,As)
 
2
Fe
 
4
S
 
16
Essential elements:Cu, Fe, Ge, S
All elements listed in formula:As, Cu, Fe, Ge, S, Zn
Analyical Data:Charge balance maintained by coupled substitution Zn+Ge = Cu+As.
Empirical Formula:
Cu
 
10
ZnGe
 
2
Fe
 
4
S
 
16
to Cu
 
11
GeAsFe
 
4
S
 
16
Common Impurities:Ga,Pb

Relationship of Renierite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
2.CB.05Coloradoite
HgTe
2.CB.05Hawleyite
CdS
2.CB.05Metacinnabar
HgS
2.CB.05Polhemusite
(Zn,Hg)S
2.CB.05Sakuraiite
(Cu,Zn,Fe)
 
3
(In,Sn)S
 
4
2.CB.05Sphalerite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
)S
2.CB.05Stilleite
ZnSe
2.CB.05Tiemannite
HgSe
2.CB.05Rudashevskyite
(Fe,Zn)S
2.CB.10Chalcopyrite
CuFeS
 
2
2.CB.10Eskebornite
CuFeSe
 
2
2.CB.10Gallite
CuGaS
 
2
2.CB.10Haycockite
Cu
 
4
Fe
 
5
S
 
8
2.CB.10Lenaite
AgFeS
 
2
2.CB.10Mooihoekite
Cu
 
9
Fe
 
9
S
 
16
2.CB.10Putoranite
Cu
 
9
Fe
 
9
S
 
16
2.CB.10Roquesite
CuInS
 
2
2.CB.10Talnakhite
Cu
 
9
(Fe,Ni)
 
8
S
 
16
2.CB.10Laforêtite
AgInS
 
2
2.CB.15Černýite
Cu
 
2
(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15Ferrokësterite
Cu
 
2
(Fe,Zn)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15Hocartite
Ag
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15Idaite
Cu
 
5
FeS
 
6
2.CB.15Kësterite
Cu
 
2
(Zn,Fe)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15Kuramite
Cu
 
3
SnS
 
4
2.CB.15Mohite
Cu
 
2
SnS
 
3
2.CB.15Pirquitasite
Ag
 
2
ZnSnS
 
4
2.CB.15Stannite
Cu
 
2
(Fe,Zn)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15Stannoidite
Cu
+
6
Cu
2+
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)
 
3
Sn
 
2
S
 
12
2.CB.15Velikite
(Cu,Hg)
 
11
Sn
 
4
S
 
16
2.CB.20Chatkalite
Cu
 
6
FeSn
 
2
S
 
8
2.CB.20Mawsonite
Cu
 
6
Fe
 
2
SnS
 
8
2.CB.30Colusite
Cu
 
26
V
 
2
(As,Sn,Sb)
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.30Germanite
Cu
 
13
Fe
 
2
Ge
 
2
S
 
16
2.CB.30Germanocolusite
Cu
 
26
V
 
2
(Ge,As)
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.30Nekrasovite
Cu
 
26
V
 
2
(Sn,As,Sb)
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.30Stibiocolusite
Cu
 
13
V
 
4
(Sb,Sn,As)
 
3
S
 
16
2.CB.30Ovamboite
Cu
 
20
(Fe,Cu,Zn)
 
6
W
 
2
Ge
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.30Maikainite
Cu
 
20
(Fe,Cu)
 
6
Mo
 
2
Ge
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.35Hemusite
Cu
 
6
SnMoS
 
8
2.CB.35Kiddcreekite
Cu
 
6
SnWS
 
8
2.CB.35Polkovicite
(Fe,Pb)
 
3
(Ge,Fe)
 
1-x
S
 
4
2.CB.35Vinciennite
Cu
+
7
Cu
2+
3
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
Sn(As,Sb)S
 
16
2.CB.35Morozeviczite
(Pb,Fe)
 
3
Ge
 
1-x
S
 
4
2.CB.35Catamarcaite
Cu
 
6
GeWS
 
8
2.CB.40Lautite
CuAsS
2.CB.45Cadmoselite
CdSe
2.CB.45Greenockite
CdS
2.CB.45Hypercinnabar
HgS
2.CB.45Wurtzite
(Zn,Fe)S
2.CB.45Rambergite
MnS
2.CB.55Cubanite
CuFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.55Isocubanite
CuFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.60Picotpaulite
TlFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.60Raguinite
TlFeS
 
2
2.CB.65Argentopyrite
AgFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.65Sternbergite
AgFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.70Sulvanite
Cu
 
3
VS
 
4
2.CB.75Vulcanite
CuTe
2.CB.80Empressite
AgTe
2.CB.85Muthmannite
(Ag,Au)Te
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
6.2.1Germanite
Cu
 
13
Fe
 
2
Ge
 
2
S
 
16
6.2.2Briartite
Cu
 
2
(Fe,Zn)GeS
 
4
6.2.4Argyrodite
Ag
 
8
GeS
 
6
6.2.5Canfieldite
Ag
 
8
(Sn,Ge)(S,Te)
 
6
6.2.6Morozeviczite
(Pb,Fe)
 
3
Ge
 
1-x
S
 
4
6.2.7Polkovicite
(Fe,Pb)
 
3
(Ge,Fe)
 
1-x
S
 
4

Other Names for Renierite

German names:
Renierit
Russian names:
Реньерит
Spanish names:
Renierita
Varieties:
Arsenian Renierite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Renierite

Reference List:American Mineralogist (1953): 38: 794-801.

American Mineralogist (1986): 71: 210-221.

Bernstein L.R., Reichel D.G., Merlino S.(1989): Renierite crystal structure refined from Rietveld analysis of powder neutron-diffraction data. American Mineralogist: 74: 1177-1181.

Internet Links for Renierite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Renierite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Renierite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Renierite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Catamarca
      • Andalgalá
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Queenstown district
        • Mount Lyell Mines
    Bottrill RS & Baker, WE (in prep) Catalogue of Minerals of Tasmania. Mineral Resources Tasmania
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Saalfelden
        • Leogang
          • Hütten
            • Schwarzleograben
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
              • Schwarzleo District
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Styria
      • Leoben
    R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Bulgaria
     
    • Pazardzhik (Pazardjik) Oblast
      • Srednogorie (Sredna Gora; Srdnia Gora) Region
        • Panagyurishte (Panagurishte) Obshchina
          • Chelopech
    Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; American Mineralogist (1966): 51: 29-36
    Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
      • Katanga Copper Crescent
        • Southern area
          • Lubumbashi (Elizabethville)
            • Kipushi
    Gramaccioli, C. M., 1985. Conoscere i minerali. I solfosali. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 96 pp
    France
     
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
        • Guillaumes
    R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Feraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France, N° 4, Alpes Maritimes", BRGM, 1974
    Italy
     
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Assemini
    Stara, P. (1990): La miniera di San Leone (CA). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/1990, 121-136.
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Gonnesa
    Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente - Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Volume 1 & 2. Nine Italian Mineralogical Groups/Associations, 192 + 239 pp.
        • Iglesias
          • Punta della Torre
    De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Akita Prefecture
          • Kosaka
    [var: Arsenian Renierite] Hayashi, K. et al. (1985) As-bearing renierite from the Furutobe mine, Akita Prefecture, Japan. Journ. of the Japan. Assoc. of Min., Petr. and Econ. Geol. 80, 451-458.
    [var: Arsenian Renierite] Am. Min. 71 (1986), 210-221
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Pavlodar Oblysy (Pavlodar [Pavlodarskaya] Oblast')
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
    Gramaccioli, C. M., 1985. Conoscere i minerali. I solfosali. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 96 pp
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
    Mineralogical Record: 28: 117.
        • Kombat
    Mineralogical Record: 22: 421.
    Russia
     
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • Karachai-Cherkess (Karachay-Cherkessia) Republic
    Spain
     
    • Asturias
    A. Paniagua et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1988, 111, pp. 383-391.
    USA
     
    • Colorado
      • Boulder Co.
        • Jamestown District
          • Inexco Mine
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Zambia
     
    • Central Province
      • Kabwe (Broken Hill)
    Kamona, A. F. & Friedrich, G. H. (2007): Geology, mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of the Kabwe carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit, Central Zambia. Ore Geology Reviews 30, 217-243.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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