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Renierite

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Kipushi Mine (Prince Léopold Mine), Kipushi, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
© Rafa Muñoz Alvarado

Show Renierite Photos (27)



Formula:
(Cu,Zn)
 
11
(Ge,As)
 
2
Fe
 
4
S
 
16
System:TetragonalColour:Orange-bronze, tarnishes ...
Hardness:4 - 5
Name:Named after Armund Marie Vincent Joseph Renier, Director of the Geological Survey of Belgium.


Charge balance maintained by coupled substitution Zn+Ge = Cu+As.

Classification of Renierite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/C.10-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.CB.35a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
Dana 8th edition ID:2.9.4.1

2 : SULFIDES
9 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:6.2.3

6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
2 : Sulphogermanates
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Type Occurrence of Renierite

Type Locality:Kipushi Mine (Prince Léopold Mine), Kipushi, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
Year of Discovery:1948

Physical Properties of Renierite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Orange-bronze, tarnishes reddish
Hardness (Mohs):4 - 5

Crystallography of Renierite

Crystal System:Tetragonal
Class (H-M):4 2m - Scalenohedral
Space Group:P4 2c
Cell Parameters:a = 10.62Å, c = 10.55Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 0.993
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,189.88 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.06 (100)
2.65 (30)
1.871 (80)
1.600 (60)
Comments:(for Zn-rich As-poor renierite)

Chemical Properties of Renierite

Formula:
(Cu,Zn)
 
11
(Ge,As)
 
2
Fe
 
4
S
 
16
Essential elements:Cu, Fe, Ge, S
All elements listed in formula:As, Cu, Fe, Ge, S, Zn
Analytical Data:Charge balance maintained by coupled substitution Zn+Ge = Cu+As.
Empirical Formula:
Cu
 
10
ZnGe
 
2
Fe
 
4
S
 
16
 to Cu
 
11
GeAsFe
 
4
S
 
16
Common Impurities:Ga,Pb
Relationship of Renierite to other Species
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- + 
2.CB.05aColoradoite
HgTe
2.CB.05aHawleyite
CdS
2.CB.05aMetacinnabar
HgS
2.CB.05cPolhemusite
(Zn,Hg)S
2.CB.05bSakuraiite
(Cu,Zn,Fe)
 
3
(In,Sn)S
 
4
2.CB.05aSphalerite
ZnS
2.CB.05aStilleite
ZnSe
2.CB.05aTiemannite
HgSe
2.CB.05UM1998-15-S:CuFeZn
Cu
 
2
Fe
 
3
Zn
 
5
S
 
10
2.CB.05aRudashevskyite
(Fe,Zn)S
2.CB.10aChalcopyrite
CuFeS
 
2
2.CB.10aEskebornite
CuFeSe
 
2
2.CB.10aGallite
CuGaS
 
2
2.CB.10bHaycockite
Cu
 
4
Fe
 
5
S
 
8
2.CB.10aLenaite
AgFeS
 
2
2.CB.10bMooihoekite
Cu
 
9
Fe
 
9
S
 
16
2.CB.10bPutoranite
Cu
 
9
(Fe,Ni)
 
9
S
 
16
2.CB.10aRoquesite
CuInS
 
2
2.CB.10bTalnakhite
Cu
 
9
(Fe,Ni)
 
8
S
 
16
2.CB.10aLaforêtite
AgInS
 
2
2.CB.15aČernýite
Cu
 
2
(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15aFerrokesterite
Cu
 
2
(Fe,Zn)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15aHocartite
Ag
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15aIdaite
Cu
 
5
FeS
 
6
2.CB.15aKesterite
Cu
 
2
(Zn,Fe)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15aKuramite
Cu
 
3
SnS
 
4
2.CB.15bMohite
Cu
 
2
SnS
 
3
2.CB.15aPirquitasite
Ag
 
2
ZnSnS
 
4
2.CB.15aStannite
Cu
 
2
(Fe,Zn)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15cStannoidite
Cu
+
6
Cu
2+
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)
 
3
Sn
 
2
S
 
12
2.CB.15aVelikite
(Cu,Hg)
 
11
Sn
 
4
S
 
16
2.CB.15cUM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZn
Cu
 
8
(Fe,Zn)
 
3
Ge
 
2
S
 
12
 (?)
2.CB.20Chatkalite
Cu
 
6
FeSn
 
2
S
 
8
2.CB.20Mawsonite
Cu
 
6
Fe
 
2
SnS
 
8
2.CB.30Colusite
Cu
 
26
V
 
2
(As,Sn,Sb)
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.30Germanite
Cu
 
13
Fe
 
2
Ge
 
2
S
 
16
2.CB.30Germanocolusite
Cu
 
26
V
 
2
(Ge,As)
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.30Nekrasovite
Cu
 
26
V
 
2
(Sn,As,Sb)
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.30Stibiocolusite
Cu
 
13
V
 
4
(Sb,Sn,As)
 
3
S
 
16
2.CB.30Ovamboite
 Cu
 
20
(Fe,Cu,Zn)
 
6
W
 
2
Ge
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.30Maikainite
Cu
 
20
(Fe,Cu)
 
6
Mo
 
2
Ge
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.35aHemusite
Cu
 
6
SnMoS
 
8
2.CB.35aKiddcreekite
Cu
 
6
SnWS
 
8
2.CB.35aPolkovicite
(Fe,Pb)
 
3
(Ge,Fe)
 
1-x
S
 
4
2.CB.35aVinciennite
Cu
+
7
Cu
2+
3
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
Sn(As,Sb)S
 
16
2.CB.35aMorozeviczite
(Pb,Fe)
 
3
Ge
 
1-x
S
 
4
2.CB.35bCatamarcaite
Cu
 
6
GeWS
 
8
2.CB.40Lautite
CuAsS
2.CB.45Cadmoselite
CdSe
2.CB.45Greenockite
CdS
2.CB.45Wurtzite
(Zn,Fe)S
2.CB.45Rambergite
MnS
2.CB.55aCubanite
CuFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.55bIsocubanite
CuFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.60Picotpaulite
TlFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.60Raguinite
TlFeS
 
2
2.CB.65Argentopyrite
AgFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.65Sternbergite
AgFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.70Sulvanite
Cu
 
3
VS
 
4
2.CB.75Vulcanite
CuTe
2.CB.80Empressite
AgTe
2.CB.85Muthmannite
AuAgTe
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- + 
6.2.1Germanite
Cu
 
13
Fe
 
2
Ge
 
2
S
 
16
6.2.2Briartite
Cu
 
2
(Fe,Zn)GeS
 
4
6.2.4Argyrodite
Ag
 
8
GeS
 
6
6.2.5Canfieldite
Ag
 
8
(Sn,Ge)(S,Te)
 
6
6.2.6Morozeviczite
(Pb,Fe)
 
3
Ge
 
1-x
S
 
4
6.2.7Polkovicite
(Fe,Pb)
 
3
(Ge,Fe)
 
1-x
S
 
4
Other Names for Renierite
Other Languages:
German:Renierit
Russian:Реньерит
Simplified Chinese:硫铜锗矿
Spanish:Renierita
Varieties:
Arsenian Renierite
Other Information
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Renierite
Reference List:

- + 
American Mineralogist (1953): 38: 794-801.



American Mineralogist (1986): 71: 210-221.



Bernstein L.R., Reichel D.G., Merlino S.(1989): Renierite crystal structure refined from Rietveld analysis of powder neutron-diffraction data. American Mineralogist: 74: 1177-1181.


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    • Localities for Renierite
    






    


    

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the  symbol to view information about a locality. 
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    (TL) indicates type locality.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.

    Argentina
     
    

    • Catamarca
    

      • Andalgalá Department
    
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372.
    Armenia
     
    
Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    

    • Syunik' Province
    

      • Kafan District
    

        • Kapan (Ghapan; Kafan; Zangezur; Madan)
    
    		Khachaturian, E. A. (1958): The mineral composition of ores of Kafan copper deposits. Izvest. Akad. Nauk Armyan. S.S.R., Ser. Geol i Geograf. Nauk 11 (No. 6), 25-38.
    Australia
     
    

    • Tasmania
    

      • Queenstown district
    

        • Mount Lyell Mines
    
    		Bottrill RS & Baker, WE (in prep) Catalogue of Minerals of Tasmania. Mineral Resources Tasmania
    Austria
     
    

    • Salzburg
    

      • Saalfelden
    

        • Leogang
    

          • Hütten
    

            • Schwarzleograben
    
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    






              • Schwarzleo District
    
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    

    • Styria
    

      • Leoben
    
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Bulgaria
     
    

    • Pazardzhik (Pazardjik) Oblast
    

      • Panagyurishte (Panagurishte) Obshchina
    

        • Levski
    
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    

    • Sofiya Oblast (Sofia Oblast)
    

      • Chelopech
    
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; American Mineralogist (1966): 51: 29-36
    Canada
     
    

    • British Columbia
    

      • Alberni Mining Division
    

        • Vancouver Island
    

          • Buttle Lake
    
    		Economic Geology,(1996) Vol. 91-3, pp.507-526
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    

    • Katanga (Shaba)
    

      • Kipushi
    
    		Gramaccioli, C. M., 1985. Conoscere i minerali. I solfosali. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 96 pp; Kamona, A.F., Lévêque, J., Friedrich, G., and Haack, U. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 273-283.; Kampunzu, A.B., Cailteux, J.L.H., Kamona, A.F., Intiomale, M.M., and Melcher, F. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 263-297.; Nenasheva, S. New Data on Minerals (2003): 38: 41-44
    France
     
    

    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    

      • Alpes-Maritimes
    

        • Guillaumes
    
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Feraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France, N° 4,  Alpes Maritimes", BRGM, 1974
    Italy
     
    

    • Sardinia
    

      • Cagliari Province
    

        • Assemini
    
    		Stara, P. (1990): La miniera di San Leone (CA). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/1990, 121-136.
    


      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
    

        • Gonnesa
    
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente - Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Volume 1 & 2. Nine Italian Mineralogical Groups/Associations, 192 + 239 pp.
    



        • Iglesias
    

          • Punta della Torre
    
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol
    Japan
     
    

    • Honshu Island
    

      • Tohoku Region
    

        • Akita Prefecture
    

          • Kosaka
    
    		[var: Arsenian Renierite] Hayashi, K. et al. (1985) As-bearing renierite from the Furutobe mine, Akita Prefecture, Japan. Journ. of the Japan. Assoc. of Min., Petr. and Econ. Geol. 80, 451-458.
    




          • Odate
    
    		[var: Arsenian Renierite] Am. Min. 71 (1986), 210-221
    Kazakhstan
     
    

    • Pavlodar Province (Pavlodar Oblysy; Pavlodarskaya Oblast')
    
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Namibia
     
    

    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
    
    		Gramaccioli, C. M., 1985. Conoscere i minerali. I solfosali. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 96 pp
    


http://rruff.info/renierite/display=default/
    

    • Otjozondjupa Region
    

      • Grootfontein District
    
    		Mineralogical Record: 28: 117.
    



        • Kombat
    
    		Mineralogical Record: 22: 421.
    Russia
     
    

    • Eastern-Siberian Region
    

      • Krasnoyarsk Territory (Krasnoyarsk Kray; Krasnoyarskii Krai)
    

        • Igarka
    
    		Cox, D.P., Lindsey, D.A., Singer, D.A., Moring, B.C., and Diggles, M.F. (2003): USGS Open-File Report 03-107
    

    • Northern Caucasus Region
    

      • Karachaevo-Cherkesskaya (Karachai-Cherkess; Karachay-Cherkessia) Republic
    

    

    • Urals Region
    

      • Southern Urals
    

        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    

          • Magnitogorsk
    
    		Belogub, E.V., Novoselov, K.A., Yakovleva, V.A., and Spiro, B. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 239-254.
    Spain
     
    

    • Asturias
    

      • Riosa
    
    		A. Paniagua et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1988, 111, pp. 383-391.
    USA
     
    

    • Alaska
    

      • Northwest Arctic Borough
    

        • Shungnak District
    

          • Ruby Creek Prospect
    
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    

    • Colorado
    

      • Boulder Co.
    

        • Jamestown District
    

          • Inexco Mine
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Zambia
     
    

    • Central Province
    

      • Kabwe (Broken Hill)
    
    		Kamona, A. F. & Friedrich, G. H. (2007): Geology, mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of the Kabwe carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit, Central Zambia. Ore Geology Reviews 30, 217-243.; Kamona, A.F., Lévêque, J., Friedrich, G., and Haack, U. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 273-283.
    

    


    

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