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Rhönite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About RhöniteHide

07053120014947803295181.jpg
View on the Rhön mountains

Rhön Mountains, Germany
Formula:
Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Colour:
Brown-red, black to reddish black
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5 - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.4 - 3.76
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named for the type locality in the Rhön Mountains, near Fulda, Hesse, Germany.
Rhönite Group.

A Ti3+-bearing member, one of three currently known phases with essential trivalent titanium by tistarite and grossmanite, is known from Allende meteorite ('UM1971-21-SiO:AlCaMgTi').


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3402
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3402:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
cacd1f12-1ccc-415b-88a9-6e7d495e87da

IMA Classification of RhöniteHide

Classification of RhöniteHide

9.DH.40

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
69.2.1a.5

69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
2 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with P>2
16.14.3

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
14 : Aluminosilicates of Ti, Zr, Sn and Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
RhöIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of RhöniteHide

Vitreous, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Brown-red, black to reddish black
Streak:
reddish brown
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{010}, {001}
Density:
3.4 - 3.76 g/cm3 (Measured)    

Optical Data of RhöniteHide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.795 - 1.810 nβ = 1.806 - 1.825 nγ = 1.830 - 1.845
2V:
Measured: 50° to 90°, Calculated: 70° to 84°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.035
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r > v extreme
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = dark greenish brown, red-brown; Y = dark reddish to greenish brown; Z = dark reddish brown to black

Chemistry of RhöniteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]

Crystallography of RhöniteHide

Polytype:
Formula:
Crystal System:
Class (H-M)
Space Group:
Space Group Setting:
Cell Parameters:
Ratio:
Unit Cell Volume (calc):
Z:
Rhönite-8Å
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.947 Å(100)
2.783 Å(31)
2.691 Å(65)
2.550 Å(69)
2.092 Å(56)
1.991 Å(25)
1.498 Å(38)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 1: Primary nebular phases4.567-4.561
3 : Solar nebular condensates (CAIs, AOAs, URIs)>4.565
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust>4.50
8 : Mafic igneous rocks
9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks
Geological Setting:
Silica undersaturated, alkalic, mafic to intermediate igneous rocks.

Type Occurrence of RhöniteHide

Geological Setting of Type Material:
nepheline basanite
Reference:
Soellner, J. (1907) Über Rhönit, ein neues änigmatitähnliches Mineral und über das Vorkommen desselben in basaltischen Gesteinen. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie und Geologie, Beilage: 24: 1-57.

Synonyms of RhöniteHide

Other Language Names for RhöniteHide

Relationship of Rhönite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
DorriteCa4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Si3Al8Fe3+O36)Tric.
HøgtuvaiteCa4[Fe2+6Fe3+6]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36]Tric. 1 : P1
LeucorhöniteCa2(Mg,Fe3+,Al)6(Si,Al)6O20Tric.
Makarochkinite(Ca,Na)4[Fe2+8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36]Tric. 1 : P1
SerendibiteCa4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]Tric. 1 : P1
WelshiteCa4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36]Tric. 1 : P1

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
21 photos of Rhönite associated with HematiteFe2O3
4 photos of Rhönite associated with Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
4 photos of Rhönite associated with CalciteCaCO3
3 photos of Rhönite associated with Erionite SubgroupM2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O
2 photos of Rhönite associated with IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
2 photos of Rhönite associated with PseudobrookiteFe2TiO5
2 photos of Rhönite associated with ForsteriteMg2SiO4
1 photo of Rhönite associated with Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
1 photo of Rhönite associated with Orthopyroxene Subgroup
1 photo of Rhönite associated with CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.DH.Gageite-2M(Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40Mon. 2/m
9.DH.BavsiiteBa2V2O2[Si4O12]Tet. 4/m : I4/m
9.DH.DevilliersiteCa4Ca2Fe3+10O4[(Fe3+10Si2)O36]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.YuzuxiangiteSr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
9.DH.LouisfuchsiteCa2(Mg4Ti2)(Al4Si2)O20Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.05LeucophaniteNaCaBeSi2O6FOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
9.DH.10OhmiliteSr3(Ti,Fe3+)(Si4O12)(O,OH) · 2-3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
9.DH.15HaradaiteSrVSi2O7Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.DH.15SuzukiiteBaVSi2O7Orth.
9.DH.20BatisiteBaNaNaTi2(Si4O12)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
9.DH.20Shcherbakovite(K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
9.DH.20NoonkanbahiteBaKNaTi2(Si4O12)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
9.DH.25TaikaniteSr3BaMn2+2(Si4O12)O2Mon. 2 : B2
9.DH.30KrauskopfiteBaSi2O5 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DH.35Balangeroite(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn2+)42Si16O54(OH)40Mon. 2/m
9.DH.35GageiteMn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20Mon. 2/m
9.DH.40AenigmatiteNa4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40DorriteCa4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Si3Al8Fe3+O36)Tric.
9.DH.40HøgtuvaiteCa4[Fe2+6Fe3+6]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40KrinoviteNa2Mg4Cr3+2(Si6O18)O2Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40Makarochkinite(Ca,Na)4[Fe2+8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40SerendibiteCa4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40WelshiteCa4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40WilkinsoniteNa2Fe2+4Fe3+2(Si6O18)O2Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40LeucorhöniteCa2(Mg,Fe3+,Al)6(Si,Al)6O20Tric.
9.DH.40KuratiteCa2(Fe2+5Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40KhesiniteCa4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Fe3+9Si3)O36Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40UM1991-29-SiO:FeMgNaNa4(Mg5Fe3+7)O4[Si9Fe3+3O36]
9.DH.45SapphirineMg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DH.50Khmaralite(Mg,Al,Fe)16[(Al,Si,Be)12O36]O4Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DH.55Surinamite(Mg,Fe)3Al4BeSi3O16Mon. 2/m
9.DH.55UM1988-26-SiO:AlMgMg4Al2O[Si3Al2O15]
9.DH.60Deerite(Fe,Mn)6(Fe,Al)3[Si6O17]O3(OH)5Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DH.65HowieiteNa(Fe,Mn)10(Fe,Al)2Si12O31(OH)13Tric.
9.DH.65Taneyamalite(Na,Ca)(Mn,Mg,Fe)12Si12(O,OH)44Tric.
9.DH.70JohninnesiteNa2Mn2+9Mg7(OH)8[AsO4]2[Si6O17]2Tric.
9.DH.75AgrelliteNaCa2Si4O10FTric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for RhöniteHide

References for RhöniteHide

Reference List:

Localities for RhöniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • Eastern Antarctica
    • Victoria Land
      • Ross Archipelago
        • Ross Island
Kyle (1975)
  • Western Antarctica
    • Marie Byrd Land
      • Executive Committee Range
Grapes et al. (2003)
Argentina
 
  • Buenos Aires Province
    • Coronel Suaréz
      • D'Orbigny
Jambon et al. (2011)
Australia
 
  • Tasmania
    • Dorset municipality
      • Scottsdale district
        • West Scottsdale
www.crocoite.com (2003)
Austria
 
  • Burgenland
    • Oberpullendorf District
      • Markt Sankt Martin
        • Pauliberg
Schebesta (1983) +3 other references
  • Styria
    • Südoststeiermark District
Taucher +6 other references
Cape Verde
 
  • Barlavento Islands
De Ignacio et al. (2012)
China
 
  • Inner Mongolia
    • Tongliao City (Tongliao Prefecture)
      • Horqin District (Ke'erqin District)
Gupta +1 other reference
  • Shandong
    • Weifang
Kong et al. (2020)
Czech Republic
 
  • Liberec Region
    • Liberec District
      • Osečná
Ulrych +8 other references
  • Ústí nad Labem Region
    • Ústí nad Labem District
      • Dolni Zálezly
Paulis et al. (2014)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Ardèche
      • Privas
        • Alissas
Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...
        • Freyssenet
Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...
    • Puy-de-Dôme
      • Issoire
        • Murol
Queneau (n.d.)
Hède
Bailey +7 other references
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Stuttgart Region
      • Esslingen
        • Ostfildern
Walenta (1960)
  • Hesse
    • Giessen Region
      • Giessen
        • Laubach
          • Gonterskirchen
Weiß (1990)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Ahrweiler
      • Brohltal
        • Wassenach
Hentschel (1975)
Soellner (1907)
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Maifeld
        • Ochtendung
Weiß (1990)
Weiß (1990)
Lapis (1988) +1 other reference
      • Pellenz
        • Kruft
Hentschel (1975)
        • Nickenich
Hentschel (1975)
Hentschel (1983)
      • Vordereifel
Blaß et al. (2015)
        • Ettringen
Hentschel +2 other references
    • Vulkaneifel
      • Daun
        • Daun
          • Neunkirchen
Hentschel (1983)
        • Üdersdorf
Schüller et al. (1986)
      • Kelberg
        • Drees
Schüller
Soellner (1907)
Greenland
 
  • Sermersooq
www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)
Hungary
 
  • Nógrád County
    • Bárna
Mineral Species of Hungary
    • Salgótarján
EGU / EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly et al. (Bakony-Balaton Highland)
  • Veszprém County
    • Balatonfüred District
      • Monoszló
XVI ECROFI European Current Research On Fluid Inclusions et al. (Eds F. Noronha, A. Dória and A. Guedes)
Italy
 
  • Sicily
    • Metropolitan City of Catania
      • Etna Volcanic Complex
perso.club-internet.fr (n.d.)
    • Metropolitan City of Palermo
Alletti et al. (2005)
Japan
 
  • Shimane Prefecture
    • Oki District
      • Okinoshima
        • Oki Islands
Monkawa et al. (2002)
Kazakhstan
 
  • Pavlodar Region
    • Pavlodar District
Mexico
 
  • Chihuahua
    • Pueblito de Allende
American Mineralogist (1971)
Mongolia
 
  • Dornogovi Province
    • Erdene District
Savina et al. (2020)
  • Töv Province
    • Choir-Nyalga basin
Peretyazhko et al. (2017)
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Errachidia Province
      • Er-Rissani Cercle
        • Sidi Ali Caïdat
- (n.d.) +3 other references
New Zealand
 
  • Otago Region
    • Dunedin City
Kyle (1975)
North Africa
 
  • Sahara Desert
Jambon et al. (2011)
Northwest Africa Meteorites
 
Mikouchi et al. (2003)
Norway
 
  • Møre og Romsdal
    • Kristiansund
Bugge et al. (1980) +1 other reference
Pacific Ocean
 
  • Magellan Seamounts
Peretyazhko et al. (2022)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Dzierżoniów County
      • Gmina Niemcza
Lis et al. (1986)
    • Lwówek Śląski County
      • Gmina Lubomierz
        • Maciejowiec
Lis et al. (1986)
      • Gmina Wleń
        • Pilchowice
Ladenberger A. et al. (2006)
Russia
 
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Ust-Kamchatsky District
      • Klyuchevsk Stratovolcano
Anan’ev et al. (2011)
    • Yelizovsky District
Anan’ev et al. (2011)
6th orogenic lherzolite conference 2014 ...
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Lučenec District
Koděra (1986)
Huraiová M. et al. (2007)
Koděra (1986)
Mineralia Slovaca 39 +1 other reference
    • Rimavská Sobota District
      • Hajnáčka
Koděra (1986)
South Korea
 
Lee (ed) +7 other references
Spain
 
  • Canary Islands
    • Las Palmas Province
      • Gran Canaria
        • Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Analyzed by XRD by Dr. Joan Vinals (Barcelona)
Sweden
 
  • Skåne County
    • Höör
Printzlau et al. (1972) +7 other references
USA
 
  • Hawaii
    • Kauai County
Johnston et al. (1984)
Macdonald et al. (1960) +1 other reference
  • Texas
    • Brewster County
      • Big Bend National Park
Cameron et al. (1970)
Zimbabwe
 
  • Matabeleland South
    • Beitbridge District
Kopylova et al. (1997)
The Moon
 
  • Mare Crisium
Treiman (2008)
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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