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Richterite

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Big Photo

Hendersons Quarry, Mt. Ngongotaha, Rotorua, Bay of Plenty, North Island, New Zealand

Show Richterite Photos (49)



Formula:
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
The richterite group minerals are defined as sodium-calcium amphiboles with 0,5 apfu < A(Na+K+ 2Ca) where Na or K is dominant, and with C(Al+Fe3++2Ti)<0,5 apfu. The W position may contain (OH),F or Cl.

Richterite is defined with
A position: Na dominant
C position: Mg dominant
W position: (OH) dominant.
System:MonoclinicColour:Brown to brownish-red, ...
Lustre:VitreousHardness:5 - 6
Member of:Richterite group > Sodium-Calcium Amphibole Subgroup > w(OH, F, Cl)-dominant Amphibole Group > Amphibole Supergroup
Name:For Theodor Richter (1824-1898), German mineralogist.
This page provides mineralogical data about Richterite.

Classification of Richterite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/F.09-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DE.20

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
E : Inosilicates with 2-periodic double chains, Si4O11; Clinoamphiboles
Dana 8th edition ID:66.1.3b.9

66 : INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2)
1 : Amphiboles - Mg-Fe-Mn-Li subgroup
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.18.31

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-3416.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Type Occurrence of Richterite

Type Locality:Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
Year of Discovery:1865

Physical Properties of Richterite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Brown to brownish-red, rose-red, or yellow, grey-brown, and also pale to dark green.
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):5 - 6

Crystallography of Richterite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 9.9Å, b = 17.97Å, c = 5.26Å
β = 104.25°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.551 : 1 : 0.293
Unit Cell Volume:V 906.98 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Richterite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.615 nβ = 1.629 nγ = 1.636
2V:Measured: 68° , Calculated: 70°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.021

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r < v strong

Chemical Properties of Richterite

Formula:
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2


The richterite group minerals are defined as sodium-calcium amphiboles with 0,5 apfu < A(Na+K+ 2Ca) where Na or K is dominant, and with C(Al+Fe3++2Ti)<0,5 apfu. The W position may contain (OH),F or Cl.

Richterite is defined with
A position: Na dominant
C position: Mg dominant
W position: (OH) dominant.
Essential elements:Ca, H, Mg, Na, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Ca, H, Mg, Na, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Al,Cr,Mn,Ni,Sr,K,F,Cl,H2O

Relationship of Richterite to other Species

Member of:Richterite group > Sodium-Calcium Amphibole Subgroup > w(OH, F, Cl)-dominant Amphibole Group > Amphibole Supergroup
Other Members of Group:

- +
Ferro-fluoro-richterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)F
 
2
Ferro-richterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Fluoro-richterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
Potassic-ferro-richterite
[K][CaNa][Fe
2+
5
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
Potassic-fluoro-richterite
{K}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
Potassic-richterite
K[CaNa][Mg
 
5
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DE.05Anthophyllite
☐{Mg
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Cummingtonite
☐{Mg
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Clino-holmquistite Group
☐{Li
 
2
}{Z
2+
3
Z
3+
2
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)((OH),F,Cl)
 
2
9.DE.05Grunerite
☐{Fe
2+
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Manganocummingtonite
☐{Mn
2+
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Manganogrunerite
☐{Mn
2+
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Permanganogrunerite
☐{Mn
2+
2
}{Mn
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Ferro-fluoro-pedrizite
{Na}{Li
 
2
}{Fe
 
2
Al
 
2
Li}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.05Ferri-fluoro-leakeite
{Na}{Na
 
2
}{Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
2
Li}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.10Actinolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Ferri-tschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Ferro-Actinolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Ferro-hornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Ferro-tschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Joesmithite
{Pb}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Be
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Magnesio-hornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Tremolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Tschermakite
☐(Ca
 
2
)(Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
)(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Cannilloite
Ca(Ca
 
2
)(Mg
 
4
Al)(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Fluor-cannilloite
{Ca}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Parvo-manganotremolite
☐{CaMn
2+
 
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Fluoro-tremolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.10Potassic-fluoro-pargasite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.15Edenite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Ferro-edenite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Ferro-kaersutite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
AlTi}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)O
 
2
9.DE.15Ferro-pargasite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Hastingsite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Kaersutite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
AlTi}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)O
 
2
9.DE.15Magnesio-hastingsite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Pargasite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Sadanagaite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Fluoro-edenite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic-ferro-ferri-sadanagaite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic-sadanagaite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic-pargasite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic-ferro-sadanagaite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Magnesio-fluoro-hastingsite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic- fluoro-hastingsite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic-chloro-hastingsite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(Cl,OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Fluoro-pargasite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Parvo-mangano-edenite
{Na}{CaMn
2+
 
}{Mg
 
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic-chloro-pargasite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(Cl,OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic-ferro-chloro-edenite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(Cl,OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic-magnesio-hastingsite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic-ferro-pargasite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Chromio-pargasite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Cr
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferro-taramite
Na(CaNa)(Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
)(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Barroisite
☐{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferro-ferri-barroisite
☐(CaNa)(Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
)(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferro-ferri-winchite
☐[CaNa][Fe
2+
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferri-barroisite
☐(CaNa)(Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
)(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferro-ferri-taramite
Na(CaNa)(Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
)(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferro-ferri-katophorite
NaCaNaFe
2+
4
(Fe
3+
 
)[(AlSi
 
7
)O
 
22
](OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferro-barroisite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferro-richterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferro-winchite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferro-katophorite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
4
Al}[(AlSi
 
7
)O
 
22
](OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferri-taramite
Na(CaNa)(Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
)(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Magnesiotaramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Winchite
☐{CaNa}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Taramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Fluoro-richterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Katophorite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
4
Al}[(AlSi
 
7
)O
 
22
](OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Potassic-fluoro-richterite
{K}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Potassic-richterite
K[CaNa][Mg
 
5
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferri-ghoseite
☐[Mn
2+
 
Na][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferri-winchite
☐[CaNa][Mg
 
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Fluoro-taramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.25Arfvedsonite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Eckermannite
NaNa
 
2
(Mg
 
4
Al}Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferro-eckermannite
NaNa
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,
 
4
Al)Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferro-glaucophane
◻[Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Glaucophane
◻[Na
 
2
][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Potassic-mangani-leakeite
[(Na,K)][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Mn
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Mangano-arfvedsonite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mn
2+
4
(Fe
3+
 
)]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferri-leakeite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Magnesio-riebeckite
◻{Na
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Magnesio-arfvedsonite
{Na}{Na
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Nybøite
NaNa
 
2
(Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
)(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Riebeckite
◻[Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Mangano-mangani-ungarettiite
NaNa
 
2
(Mn
2+
2
Mn
3+
3
)(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)O
 
2
9.DE.25Ferro-ferri-nybøite
NaNa
 
2
[(Fe
2+
3
,Mg)Fe
3+
2
](AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Clino-ferro-ferri-holmquistite
◻{Li
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferri-nybøite
NaNa
 
2
(Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
](AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferro-ferri-leakeite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferro-ferri-fluoro-leakeite
Na(Na
 
2
)(Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
Li)(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(F)
 
2
9.DE.25Sodic-ferri-clinoferroholmquistite
☐{Li
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
][Si
 
8
O
 
22
](F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferri-pedrizite
[Na][Li
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Potassic-ferri-leakeite
[K][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Fluoro-nybøite
NaNa
 
2
(Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
)(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Mangani-dellaventuraite
{Na}{Na
 
2
}{MgMn
3+
2
LiTi
4+
 
}Si
 
8
O
 
22
O
 
2
9.DE.25Fluoro-pedrizite
NaLi
 
2
(Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
Li)(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.25Potassic-arfvedsonite
[(K,Na)][Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferri-obertiite
Na(Na
 
2
)(Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
 
Ti)(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)O
 
2
9.DE.25Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite
[(K,Na)][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
][Si
 
8
O
 
22
][(F,OH)
 
2
]
9.DE.25Ferro-ferri-pedrizite
[Na][Li
 
2
][Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite
[K][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Pedrizite
NaLi
 
2
(LiMg
 
2
Al
 
2
)(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferro-pedrizite
NaLi
 
2
(LiFe
2+
2
Al
 
2
)Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Fluoro-leakeite
NaNa
 
2
(Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
Li)(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.25Ferro-ferri-obertiite
NaNa
 
2
(Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
 
Ti)Si
 
8
O
 
22
O
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.18.1Nambulite
(Li,Na)Mn
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.2Natronambulite
(Na,Li)(Mn,Ca)
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
14
OH
14.18.3Zakharovite
Na
 
4
Mn
 
5
Si
 
10
O
 
24
(OH)
 
6
 · 6H
 
2
O
14.18.4Norrishite
KLiMn
3+
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)O
 
2
14.18.5Shafranovskite
(Na,K)
 
6
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
Si
 
9
O
 
24
 · 6H
 
2
O
14.18.6Abswurmbachite
CuMn
3+
6
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
8
14.18.7Donpeacorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Mg[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
14.18.8Kanoite
Mn
2+
 
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
14.18.9Caryopilite
(Mn,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
14.18.10Gonyerite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
14.18.11Tirodite
14.18.12Manganhumite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
14.18.13Bustamite
CaMn
2+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
14.18.14Glaucochroite
CaMn
2+
 
SiO
 
4
14.18.15Truscottite
(Ca,Mn)
 
14
Si
 
24
O
 
58
(OH)
 
8
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.16Santaclaraite
CaMn
 
4
[Si
 
5
O
 
14
OH](OH) · H
 
2
O
14.18.17Ferrobustamite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
14.18.18Johannsenite
CaMn
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
14.18.19Neltnerite
CaMn
3+
6
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
8
14.18.20Orlymanite
Ca
 
4
Mn
 
3
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.21Inesite
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Fe)
 
7
Si
 
10
O
 
28
(OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
14.18.22Orientite
Ca
 
2
Mn
2+
 
Mn
3+
2
(Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
4
14.18.23Ruizite
Ca
 
2
Mn
3+
2
[(OH)
 
2
|H
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
13
] · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.24Bostwickite
CaMn
 
6
Si
 
3
O
 
16
 · 7H
 
2
O
14.18.25Kittatinnyite
Ca
 
2
Mn
 
2
Mn(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · 9H
 
2
O
14.18.26Lithiomarsturite
LiCa
 
2
Mn
 
2
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.27Sérandite
Na(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
14.18.28Kvanefjeldite
Na
 
4
(Ca,Mn)(Si
 
3
O
 
7
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
14.18.29Marsturite
NaCaMn
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.30Raite
Na
 
4
Mn
2+
3
Ti
 
0.25
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O
14.18.32Byelorussite-(Ce)
NaBa
 
2
Ce
 
2
MnTi
 
2
[Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
O
 
2
(F,OH) · H
 
2
O
14.18.33Deerite
(Fe,Mn)
 
6
(Fe,Al)
 
3
[Si
 
6
O
 
17
]O
 
3
(OH)
 
5
14.18.34Calderite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
14.18.35Pyroxmangite
MnSiO
 
3
14.18.36Dannemorite
14.18.37Neotocite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
14.18.38Babingtonite
Ca
 
2
(Fe,Mn)FeSi
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.39Manganbabingtonite
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Fe)FeSi
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.40Örebroite
Mn
2+
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Sb
5+
 
)(SiO
 
4
)(O,OH)
 
3

Other Names for Richterite

Synonyms:
ChernysheviteIsabellite
Other Languages:
German:Chernyshevit
Isabellit
Natrongrammatit
Richterit
Russian:Рихтерит
Simplified Chinese:钠透闪石
Spanish:Chernyshevita
Isabellita
Richterita
Varieties:
MarmairoliteRiebeckrichterite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Richterite

Reference List:

- +
Mineralogical Record: 29: 169-174.

Mottana, A., Paris, E., Della Ventura, G., and Robert, J.-L. (1990) Spectroscopic evidence for tetrahedrally-coordinated titanium in richteritic amphiboles. Rend. Fis. Accad. Lincei: 1: 387-392.

Oberti, R., Ungaretti, L., Cannillo, E., and Hawthorne, F.C. (1992) The behaviour of Ti in amphiboles. I. Four- and six-coordnate Ti in richterite. European Journal of Mineralogy: 4: 425-439.

Ishida, K. and Hawthorne, F.C. (2001) Assignment of infrared OH-stretching bands in mangano-arfvedsonite and richterite through heat-treatment. American Mineralogist: 86: 965-972.

Hawthorne, Frank C., and Roberta Oberti (2006), On the classification of amphiboles: Canadian Mineralogist:
44(1): 1-21.

Frank C. Hawthorne, Roberta Oberti, George E. Harlow, Walter V. Maresch, Robert F. Martin, John C. Schumacer, Mark D. Welch (2012): Nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup, American Mineralogist, Volume 97, pages 2031–2048

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Internet Links for Richterite

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    • Localities for Richterite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Badakhshan Province (Badakshan Province; Badahsan Province)
      • Khash & Kuran Wa Munjan Districts
    		Dipl. Min. M. Schaeffer, Detmold, 2003; RRUFF Project Specimen ID: R050414
    Richard Dale collection & earlier mindat photos
          • Sar-e Sang (Sar Sang; Sary Sang)
    		Rob Woodside collection
    Australia
     
    • Victoria
      • Macedon Ranges Shire
        • Mount Macedon
    		Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection
    • Western Australia
      • Derby-West Kimberley Shire
        • Ellendale
    		The Kimberlites and Lamproites of Western Australia, 1986.
    The Kimberlites and Lamproites of Western Australia, 1986.
    The Kimberlites and Lamproites of Western Australia, 1986.
        • Fitzroy Crossing
    		The Kimberlites and Lamproites of Western Australia, 1986.
    The Kimberlites and Lamproites of Western Australia, 1986.
        • Noonkanbah Station
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1984 48 : 263-266
    The Kimberlites and Lamproites of Western Australia, 1986.
    The Kimberlites and Lamproites of Western Australia, 1986.
    The Kimberlites and Lamproites of Western Australia, 1986.
    The Kimberlites and Lamproites of Western Australia, 1986.
    The Kimberlites and Lamproites of Western Australia, 1986.
      • Wyndham-East Kimberley Shire
        • Lake Argyle area
    		[MinRec 21:561]
    Austria
     
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Brazil
     
    • São Paulo
      • Cajati
    		MinRec 15:261-270
    Bulgaria
     
    www.bgd.bg/summanual_2003_2.htm.
    Burma (Myanmar)
     
    • Kachin State
      • Mohnyin District (Moe Hnyin District)
        • Hpakant Township (Hpakan; Phakant; Phakan)
          • Hpakant-Tawmaw Jade Tract
    		C. Mével and J.R. Kiénast, Bull. Minéral. , 109, 6, 1986, pp. 617-633.
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Kamloops Mining Division
        • Blue River
          • Verity claim
    		Blue River Carbonatites, British Columbia- Primary Exploration Targets for Tantalum, G.J. Simandle,P.C. Jones, M. Rotella Exploration and Mining in British Columbia - 2001, B. C. Mines Report, pg 123-131 (http://www.commerceresources.com/i/pdf/05-BCGOVRREPORT.pdf)
      • Omenica Mining Division
        • Williston Lake
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139; Jennifer Pell (1994) Carbonatites, Nepheline Syenites, Kimberlites and Related Rocks in British Columbia. Brithish Columbia Ministry of Energy Bulletin 88.
    • Ontario
      • Algoma District
    		Sage (1988) Ont. Geol. Survey Study 47.
      • Haliburton Co.
        • Monmouth Township
          • Concession 11
            • South ½ lot 14
    		Reiner Mielke
    • Québec
      • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
        • Témiscamingue RCM
          • Les Lacs-du-Témiscamingue
    		http://rruff.info/richterite/chemistry/asc/R060471; Kenneth L. Currie and Otto van Breemen (1996)The origin of rare minerals in the Kipawa syenite complex, western Quebec. Can Mineral 34:435-451
      • Laurentides
        • Deux-Montagnes RCM
          • Oka
    		Gaston Pouliot (1970) Study of carbonatitic calcites from Oka, Quebec. Can Mineral 10:511-540
    Self collected specimen with analysis by Frank Hawthorne: (Na0.88K0.09) (Ca1.04Mn0.04Na0.92) (Mg4.46Mn0.06Fe0.38Ti0.04Al0.06) (Si7.84Al0.16)O22(OH1.55F0.45); Gaston Pouliot (1970) Study of carbonatitic calcites from Oka, Quebec. Can Mineral 10:511-540
      • Montérégie
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Horváth, L and Gault, R.A. (1990), The mineralogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire Quebec. Mineralogical Record: 21: 284-359.
    China
     
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture)
        • Bayan Obo Mining District
          • Bayan Obo
    		Jinsha Xu, Guaming Yang, Guowu Li, Zhilan Wu, Ganfu Shen (2008): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 28(3), 237-243; Qingchang Meng (1981): Geology and Prospecting 17(3), 10-17
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Dandong Prefecture
        • Fengcheng Co.
          • Saima complex
    		Yiming Zhao and Daxin Li (2003): Mineral Deposits 22(4), 345-359
    • Shaanxi Province
      • Hanzhong Prefecture
        • Ningqiang Co.
    		Jiuling Zhang (1982): Geology and Prospecting 18(2), 26-40
    Finland
     
    • Eastern Finland Region
      • Kuopio
    		Information of mine geologist given to Yves Heroes in 1995 (http://www.mindat.org/mesg-105-240534.html)
    France
     
    • Corsica
      • Haute-Corse
        • Bastia
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1968 36 : 867-870.
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Andernach
          • Nickenich
    		Hand Egon Künzel, Günter Blaß, Willi Schüller (2011) Mineralien - Bomben - Grottensteine: Der Nickenicher Weinberg. Lapis, 36, #7-8, 55-66
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Maniitsoq (Sukkertoppen)
        • Søndre Isortoq Firth
          • Sarfartoq region
    		Petersen, O.V., Secher, K. (1984): Grönland, Der Karbonatit-Komplex von Sarfartoq, Magma, 6/1984
    http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    India
     
    • Madhya Pradesh
      • Balaghat District
    		Babu, S.K., and Nayak, V.K. (1961): Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India 27A, 161-166.
    • West Bengal
      • Purulia District
        • Beldih village
    		Mineral. Petrol. 95 (2009) 105-112.
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Bard
    		Ch. Wagner and D. Velde, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 173-187.
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92
      • Valtournanche Valley
        • Valtournanche
          • Breuil-Cervinia
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Latium
      • Rome Province
    		Caponera I., Fiori S., Pucci R., 2003. Fluoborite, piombo nativo, richterite ed altri interessanti ritrovamenti nei Colli Albani. Il Cercapietre, 1-2.
        • Rome
    		Fiori, S., Gorga, R., Pucci, R., (2001): Richterite nei proietti metamorfosati di Stracciacappe, Complesso Vulcanico Sabatino (Roma, Italia). Il Cercapietre, n. 1/2, 29-32
      • Viterbo Province
        • Làtera volcano
          • Onano
    		Signoretti, E., Pucci, R., (2007): Gita sociale e ricerca mineralogica sul terreno nella cava di Montenero, Onano (VT), Il Cercapietre, 1-2/2007, 61-67
    • Liguria
      • La Spezia Province
        • Vara Valley
          • Borghetto Vara
    		Palenzona A., Di Giovanni F., Borgo E. (1988) - La miniera di Manganese di Cerchiara (SP) - Rivista Miner. Ital., Milano, fasc. 4, pp.209-218
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Canavese District
          • Léssolo
            • Cálea
    		P Haas collection
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Aichi Prefecture
          • Kita-Shidara-gun
            • Shidara-cho
    		Mineral. Journal, Japan, 1973, 7, pp. 159-168.
      • Kanto Region
        • Tochigi Prefecture
          • Kanuma City
    		Matsubara, S., Kato, A., Miyawaki, R., Komuro, Y. and Okada, Y. (2007) Natronambulite from the Dohnoiri mine, Kanuma City, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ser. C. 33, 1-5.
      • Kinki Region
        • Kyoto Prefecture
          • Sohraku-gun
    		Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (curated at Geological Survey museum, Japan)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Noda
    		Watanabe, T. (1959) Mineralogical Journal, 2, 6, 408-421; Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan)
          • Shimohei-gun
    		H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
    Kenya
     
    • Nyanza Province
    		Sutherland, D.S. (1969): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 24, 114-135.
    Madagascar
     
    • Fianarantsoa Province
    		A. M. I. Martins collection
    Namibia
     
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
        • Kombat
    		Dunn, P.J. (1991), Rare minerals of the Kombat Mine, Mineralogical Record: 22(6): 421-425.
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Bay of Plenty
        • Rotorua
          • Mt. Ngongotaha
    		http://www.abdn.ac.uk/geology/profiles/analysis/software.htm recalc of http://www.abdn.ac.uk/geology/profiles/analysis/software.htm recalc of ferrikatophorite data
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Sudetes Mts
    		www.geo.uw.edu.pl/AM/VOL54/wierzcholowski.pdf.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Krasnoyarsk Territory (Krasnoyarsk Kray; Krasnoyarskii Krai)
        • Enisei Range (Yenisei Ridge; Enisei Ridge)
          • Tatarka Range
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Aldan Shield
          • Aldan
            • Inagli Massif
    		http://geo.web.ru/druza/l-Inagli.htm
          • Chara and Tokko Rivers Confluence
    		[Lapis 1993:4 p.13-20]
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic
          • Ulan-Ude
    		Ripp, G.S. (2002): Lithology and Mineral Resources 37(4), 386-389.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Afrikanda
    		Chakhmouradian A.R., Zaitsev A.N. (2002) Calcite–Amphibole–Clinopyroxene rock from the Afrikanda complex, Kola peninsula, Russia: mineralogy and a possible link to carbonatites. III. Silicate minerals. - Can. Miner., Vol.40, pp. 1347-1374.
          • Khibiny Massif
    		Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Men’shikov, Y.P., Konopleva, N.G., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 732-745.
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
        • Northern Karelia
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/vuori.htm
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Vishnevye (Vishnyovye; Cherry) Mts
    		Nedosekova, I.L. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(2), 129-146.
    Slovakia
     
    • Prešov Region
      • Vranov nad Topľou Co.
    		Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302]
        • Kuruman
          • N'Chwaning Mines
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Canary Islands
      • Las Palmas Province
        • Gran Canaria (Grand Canary)
    		H.U. Schmincke and M. Sumita : "Tephra Event Stratigraphy and Emplacement of Volcanoclastic Sediments, Mogan and Fataga Stratigraphic Intervals, Part II : Origin and Emplacement of Volcanoclastic Layers", LEG 157—SCIENTIFIC RESULTS (ISSN: 1096-7451), Gran Canaria and Madeira Abyssal Plain, Sites 950-956, http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/157_SR/Abstract/15.HTM
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Albacete
        • Hellín
          • Cancarix
    		E. Salvioli-mariani et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1027-1039.
    • Murcia
      • Jumilla
        • La Celia
    		E. Salvioli-mariani et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1027-1039.
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Hedemora
        • Garpenberg
    		Grensman, F., Kalinowski, M.P. and Sandström, F. (2001): Garpenberg Norra. Litofilen. 18 (2), 26-46.
    • Lappland
      • Ultevis
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		Sandström, F., Binett, T., Wiklund, C. & Vikström, J. (2010): Alnöområdets geologi och mineralogi. Litiofilen. 27 (2) :14-42
      • Timrå
    		Sandström, F., Binett, T., Wiklund, C. & Vikström, J. (2010): Alnöområdets geologi och mineralogi. Litiofilen. 27 (2) :14-42
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		American Mineralogist (1974): 59: 518; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 1028; Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Nordmark (Nordmarksberg)
    		K.Gatedal
        • Persberg district
          • Pajsberg
    		Nysten, P. (2004): Harstigen ett mineralogisk eldorado i Bergslagen. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 28: 5-13
    No reference listed
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		No reference listed
      • Lindesberg
        • Nyberg ore field
    		No reference listed
      • Norberg
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Engadin
        • Maloja
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 64
      • Puschlav (Poschiavo Valley)
        • Selva
    		Romani E. (2000): Andar per cristalli - Tesori nascosti. Centro studi del Museo mineralogico naturalistico di Bormio, 151 p.
    Uganda
     
    • Tororo District
    		Sutherland, D.S. (1969): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 24, 114-135.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Coconino Co.
        • Winslow
          • Meteor Crater and vicinity
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 171-172, 354; Olsen, E. & L. Fuchs (1968), Krinovite, NaMg2CrSi3O10 = a new meteorite mineral, Science 161: 786-787.
    • Arkansas
      • Pike Co.
        • Murfreesboro
    		Am. Mineral. 83:1323-1329 (1998); B. H, Scott Smith & EMW Skinner (1984) A new look at the Prairie Creek, Arkansas 3rd International Kimberlite Conference pp 255-283
    • California
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Coastal Range
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/usa.htm.
    • Colorado
      • Fremont Co.
    		USGS Bull 2192
      • Grand Co.
        • Middle Park
          • Rabbit Ears Pass
    		Thompson, R. N., Velde, D., Leat, P. T., Morrison, M. A., Mitchell, J. G., Dickin, A. P., and Gibson, S. A., 1997. Oligocene lamproite containing an Al-poor, Ti-rich biotite, Middle Park, northwest Coloroado, USA. Mineralogical Magazine 61: 557-572.
      • Gunnison Co.
        • White Earth District (Powderhorn District)
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 17, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997; USGS Bull 2192
      • Larimer Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Hawaii
      • Maui Co.
        • Maui
          • West Maui
    		AmMin 63:771
    • Kansas
    		Woolley (1987), Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World.
    Mitchell, Roger H. and Chakhmouradian (1999):Sr-Bearing Perovskite and Loparite from Lamproite and Agpaitic Nepheline Syenite Pegmatites (Canadian Mineralogist 37:99-112).
    • Montana
      • Garfield Co.
    		www.minsocam.org/msa/Handbook/Davanite.PDF.
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Libby District (Snowshoe District)
          • Libby
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 88, pages 1955–1969, 2003; Lowers, H.A., Wilson, S.A., Hoefen, T.M., Benzel, W.M., and Meeker, G.P., 2012, Preparation and characterization of “Libby Amphibole” toxicological testing material: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1012, 20 p.; Gobla, M. J. (2012) Montana Mineral Locality Index. Rocks and Minerals 87:208-240.
        • Rainy Creek District
    		Gobla, M.J. (2012) Montana mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 87, #3, 208-240.
      • Meagher Co.
    		www.cseg.ca/conferences/2000/376.PDF.
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Dunn(1995):Pt3:443-449.
    • Texas
      • Hudspeth Co.
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
    BEG Min Res Circ 73
    BEG Min Res Circ 73
    BEG Min Res Circ 73
    BEG Min Res Circ 73
      • Wichita Co.
    		Olsen, E. in Science 156.:61 - 62 (7 April 1967)
    • Utah
      • Summit Co.
        • Woodland
    		Am Min 53:1041-1048
    • Wyoming
      • Sweetwater Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals 76:390
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