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Robertsite

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Tip Top Mine (Tip Top pegmatite), Fourmile, Custer District, Custer Co., South Dakota, USA
© 2004 ROM

Show Robertsite Photos (23)



Formula:
Ca
 
3
Mn
3+
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 3H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Red, red-brown, deep ...
Hardness:3½
Name:
Named after Willard "Bill" Lincoln Roberts, professor of mineralogy and curator of the South Dakota School of Mines mineral museum.
Isostructural with:Arseniosiderite


Brown to dark brown coatings, usually fine-grained, but sometimes crystallized with densely packed pseudohexagonal platy, columnar, or fibrous crystals.

Classification of Robertsite

IMA status:Approved 1973
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/D.30-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.DH.30

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
H : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 1:1
Dana 8th edition ID:42.8.4.2

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.12.6

19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Robertsite

Type Locality:Tip Top Mine (Tip Top pegmatite), Fourmile, Custer District, Custer Co., South Dakota, USA
Year of Discovery:1974
Geological Setting of type material:Late stage mineralization in granite pegmatites.

Physical Properties of Robertsite

Lustre:Waxy, Greasy, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Comment:Bright relections on basal sections
Colour:Red, red-brown, deep red, bronzy brown, black
Streak:Red-brown
Hardness (Mohs):3½
Tenacity:Waxy
Cleavage:Very Good
{100}
Fracture:Micaceous
Density (measured):3.13 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.05 g/cm3

Crystallography of Robertsite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/b {B1 1 2/b} {C2/c} {C1 2/c 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 17.36Å, b = 19.53Å, c = 11.30Å
β = 96.0°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.889 : 1 : 0.579
Unit Cell Volume:V 3,810.17 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:12
Morphology:Frequently earthy in coatings. Not rarely in densely pack crystals in subparallel groupings. Crystals frequently show corrugations and deep striations or notches.
Twinning:Multiple rotation twins (π/3) perpendicular to {100}
Comment:A2/a non-standard cell chosen
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
8.63 (100)
5.61 (50)
3.27 (40)
2.88 (30)
2.75 (60)
2.59 (40)
2.16 (30)
1.623 (50)
Comments:26-1067

Optical Data of Robertsite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.775 nβ = 1.820 nγ = 1.820
2V:Measured: 8°
Birefringence:0.045
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.045

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:relatively weak
Pleochroism:Strong
Comments:X pale red to pink Y,Z deep red brown

Chemical Properties of Robertsite

Formula:
Ca
 
3
Mn
3+
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 3H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Ca, H, Mn, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Ca, H, Mn, O, P

Relationship of Robertsite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Arseniosiderite (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.DH.05Minyulite
KAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,F) · 4H
 
2
O
8.DH.10Leucophosphite
KFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
8.DH.10Spheniscidite
(NH
 
4
,K)(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
8.DH.10Tinsleyite
KAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnFe)
{Ca}{Mn
2+
 
}{Fe
2+
2
}{Fe
3+
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)
{Ca}{Mn
2+
 
}{(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
}{Fe
3+
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)
{Ca}{Mn
2+
 
}{Mn
2+
2
}{Fe
3+
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DH.15Keckite
CaMn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
3
(H
 
2
O)
 
7
8.DH.15Rittmannite
{(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)}{Mn
2+
 
}{(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
}{(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaFeMg)
{Ca}{(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)}{Mg
 
2
}{Al
 
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaMnMg)
{Ca}{Mn
2+
 
}{Mg
 
2
}{Al
 
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DH.15Whiteite-(MnFeMg)
{(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)}{(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)}{Mg
 
2
}{Al
 
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(MnMnMn)
{Mn
2+
 
}{Mn
2+
 
}{Mn
2+
2
}{Fe
3+
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DH.15Kaluginite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)MgFe
3+
 
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 4H
 
2
O
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaFeFe)
{Ca}{Fe
2+
 
}{Fe
2+
2
}{Fe
3+
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(NaFeMg)
{Na}{Fe
3+
 
}{Mg
 
2
}{Fe
3+
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(NaMnMg)
{Na}{Mn
3+
 
}{Mg
 
2
}{Fe
3+
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMgMg)
{Ca}{Mg}{Mg
 
2
}{Fe
3+
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DH.20Manganosegelerite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Fe
3+
 
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DH.20Overite
CaMgAl(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 4H
 
2
O
8.DH.20Segelerite
Ca
 
2
 Mg
 
2
 Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DH.20Wilhelmvierlingite
CaMnFe
3+
 
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
8.DH.20Juonniite
CaMgSc(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 4H
 
2
O
8.DH.25Calcioferrite
Ca
 
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH) · 7H
 
2
O
8.DH.25Kingsmountite
Ca
 
4
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(OH)
 
4
 · 12H
 
2
O
8.DH.25Montgomeryite
Ca
 
4
MgAl
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(OH)
 
4
 · 12H
 
2
O
8.DH.25Zodacite
Ca
 
4
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(OH)
 
4
 · 12H
 
2
O
8.DH.30Arseniosiderite
Ca
 
2
Fe
3+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
O
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
8.DH.30Kolfanite
Ca
 
2
Fe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
O
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
8.DH.30Mitridatite
Ca
 
2
Fe
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
O
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
8.DH.30Pararobertsite
Ca
 
2
Mn
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
O
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
8.DH.30Sailaufite
(Ca,Na,☐)
 
2
Mn
3+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)O
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
8.DH.35Mantienneite
KMg
 
2
Al
 
2
Ti(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
3
 · 15H
 
2
O
8.DH.35Paulkerrite
K(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Al,Ti,Mg)
 
2
Ti(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
3
 · 15H
 
2
O
8.DH.35Benyacarite
(H
 
2
O,K)
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti)
 
2
Ti(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(O,F)
 
2
 · 14H
 
2
O
8.DH.40Xanthoxenite
Ca
 
4
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
8.DH.45Mahnertite
NaCu
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
Cl · 5H
 
2
O
8.DH.50Andyrobertsite
KCdCu
 
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
(H
 
2
AsO
 
4
) · 2H
 
2
O
8.DH.50Calcioandyrobertsite
KCaCu
 
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
(H
 
2
AsO
 
4
) · 2H
 
2
O
8.DH.55Englishite
K
 
3
Na
 
2
Ca
 
10
Al
 
15
(PO
 
4
)
 
21
(OH)
 
7
 · 26H
 
2
O
8.DH.60Bouazzerite
Bi
 
6
(Mg,Co)
 
11
Fe
3+
14
(AsO
 
4
)
 
18
(OH)
 
4
O
 
12
 · 86H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
19.12.1Metaswitzerite
Mn
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
19.12.2Bermanite
Mn
2+
 
Mn
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
19.12.3Natrophilite
NaMn
2+
 
PO
 
4
19.12.4Sidorenkite
Na
 
3
Mn
2+
 
(CO
 
3
)(PO
 
4
)
19.12.5Niahite
(NH
 
4
)(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)(PO
 
4
) · H
 
2
O
19.12.7Pararobertsite
Ca
 
2
Mn
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
O
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.12.8Sinkankasite
H
 
2
Mn
2+
 
Al(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 6H
 
2
O
19.12.9Mangangordonite
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.10Heterosite
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)PO
 
4
19.12.11Purpurite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)PO
 
4
19.12.12Wolfeite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
19.12.13Triploidite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
19.12.14Lipscombite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
19.12.15Frondelite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
5
19.12.16Rockbridgeite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
5
19.12.17Kryzhanovskite
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
3
19.12.18Landesite
Mn
2+
3-x
Fe
3+
x
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
x
 · (3-x)H
 
2
O
19.12.19Phosphoferrite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.12.20Reddingite
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.12.21Earlshannonite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
19.12.22Hureaulite
(Mn,Fe)
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(HPO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
19.12.23Switzerite
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 7H
 
2
O
19.12.24Laueite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.25Pseudolaueite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.26Strunzite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
19.12.27Stewartite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.28Alluaudite
(Na,Ca)Mn
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.29Ferroalluaudite
(Na,Ca)Fe
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.30Fillowite
{Mn
2+
 
}{Na
 
8
}{Ca
 
4
Na
 
4
}{(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
43
}(PO
 
4
)
 
36
19.12.31Johnsomervilleite
{Ca}{Na
 
6
[ ]
 
2
}{Ca
 
6
Na
 
2
}{(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
43
}(PO
 
4
)
 
36
19.12.32Wicksite
NaCa
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
4
MgFe
3+
 
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.33Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)
{KNa}{Mn
2+
 
◻}{Ca}{Na
 
3
}{Mn
2+
13
}{Al}(PO
 
4
)
 
12
(OH)
 
2
19.12.34Sarcopside
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
19.12.35Ludlamite
(Fe,Mn,Mg)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
19.12.36Graftonite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
19.12.37Wilhelmvierlingite
CaMnFe
3+
 
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.38Fairfieldite
Ca
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.39Beusite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mg)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
19.12.40Messelite
Ca
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.41Jahnsite-(CaMnFe)
{Ca}{Mn
2+
 
}{Fe
2+
2
}{Fe
3+
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.42Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)
{Ca}{Mn
2+
 
}{Mn
2+
2
}{Fe
3+
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.43Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)
{Ca}{Mn
2+
 
}{(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
}{Fe
3+
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.44Keckite
CaMn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
3
(H
 
2
O)
 
7
19.12.45Stanfieldite
Ca
 
7
Ca
 
2
Mg
 
9
(PO
 
4
)
 
12
19.12.46Laubmannite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
Fe
3+
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
12
19.12.47Zodacite
Ca
 
4
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(OH)
 
4
 · 12H
 
2
O
19.12.48Hagendorfite
NaCaMn
2+
 
Fe
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.49Maghagendorfite
NaMn(Mg,Fe,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.50Varulite
NaCaMn
2+
 
Mn
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.51Griphite
Na
 
4
Li
 
2
Ca
 
6
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
19
Al
 
8
(PO
 
4
)
 
24
(F,OH)
 
8
19.12.52Attakolite
(Ca,Sr)Mn(Al,Fe)
 
4
(HPO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
3
(SiO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
19.12.53Arrojadite-(KFe)
{KNa}{Fe
2+
 
◻}{Ca}{Na
 
2
◻}{Fe
2+
13
}{Al}(PO
 
4
)
 
11
(HPO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
19.12.54Lun'okite
(Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO
 
4
)
 
2
OH · 4H
 
2
O
19.12.55Eosphorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Al(PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
19.12.56Ernstite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)Al(PO
 
4
)(OH,O)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
19.12.57Childrenite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al(PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
19.12.58Bobfergusonite
Na
 
2
Mn
 
5
FeAl(PO
 
4
)
 
6
19.12.59Qingheiite
NaMn
3+
 
Mg(Al,Fe
3+
 
)(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.60Whiteite-(CaFeMg)
{Ca}{(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)}{Mg
 
2
}{Al
 
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.61Whiteite-(CaMnMg)
{Ca}{Mn
2+
 
}{Mg
 
2
}{Al
 
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.62Whiteite-(MnFeMg)
{(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)}{(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)}{Mg
 
2
}{Al
 
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.63Rittmannite
{(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)}{Mn
2+
 
}{(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
}{(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
}(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.64Zanazziite
Ca
 
2
Mg
 
5
Be
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(OH)
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
19.12.65Samuelsonite
(Ca,Ba)Ca
 
8
Fe
2+
2
Mn
2+
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
10
(OH)
 
2

Other Names for Robertsite

Synonyms:
IMA1973-024
Other Languages:
German:Robertsit
Spanish:Robertsita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:nonfluorescent
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Robertsite

Reference List:

- +
Moore, Paulus B. (1974), Jahnsite, segelerite, robertsite, three new transition metal phosphates species: American Mineralogist: 59: 48-60.

Mineralogical Magazine: 52: 505-508.

Internet Links for Robertsite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
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    • Localities for Robertsite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Doce valley
        • Conselheiro Pena
    		Sergio Varvello collection
        • Galiléia
          • Sapucaia do Norte
    		Roberto Bosi collection
    Ethiopia
     
    • Sidamo-Borana Province
      • Lake Rudolf (Lake Turkana)
        • Lower Omo Valley
    		American Mineralogist, Vol. 64, 1979, pp. 169-171.
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Allier
        • Ébreuil
          • Échassières
    		J.M. Boisson et al. : "Filon Sainte Barbe, Commune d'Echassières, Allier, France", Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 2000, 4, 3-46
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Zwiesel
            • Rabenstein
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1988 52 : 505-508; http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Karibib District
    		- Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Mineralien und Fundstellen. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern, 411 pp. (in English)
        • Usakos
    		Keller, P. (1974): Phosphatmineralien aus Pegmatiten Sudwestafrikas, Der Aufschluss 25,577-591(1974)
    Portugal
     
    • Guarda District
      • Gouveia
        • Folgosinho
    		Martins da Pedra collection
    • Viana do Castelo District
      • Caminha
        • Arga de Baixo/Arga de Cima
    		self-find. Pedro Alves collection
      • Ponte da Barca
    		Self-find by Nuno Afonso; optical and XRD analysed
    • Viseu District
      • Mangualde
    Spain
     
    • Castile and Leon
      • Zamora
    Thailand
     
    • Lamphun Province
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1988 52 : 505-508
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Yavapai Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 355; Jahns, Richard H. (1952), Pegmatite Deposits of the White Picacho District, Maricopa and Yavapai Counties, Arizona, Arizona Bureau of Mines Bull. 162.
          • Independence Gulch
    		London, D. and Burt, D., 1982, Alteration of spodumene, Montebrasite and Lithiophilite in Pegmatites of the White Picacho District, Arizona, American Mineralogist, v 67, p. 97-113
    • California
      • San Diego Co.
        • Jacumba District
          • Jacumba
            • Tule Mountain (Mount Tule; Tulley Mountain)
    		Mineralogical Record 33(5):363-407
    • Maine
      • Oxford Co.
        • Greenwood
          • Uncle Tom Mountain
    		No reference listed
    • North Carolina
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Kings Mountain District
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Custer
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1988 52 : 505-508
          • Fourmile
    		Moore, P. B. (1974) American Mineralogist: 59: 48-60.
          • Pringle
            • Cicero Peak
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1988 52 : 505-508
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
          • Glendale
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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