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Ruby

Big Photo

Mogok, Sagaing District, Mandalay Division, Burma (Myanmar)
© 2003 John H. Betts

Show Ruby Photos (253)
Formula:
Al
 
2
O
 
3
Colour:RedHardness:9
A variety of Corundum

A red, gem variety of Corundum. The red colour is caused by minor amounts of trivalent Cr replacing Al in the crystal structure.
Pure Cr2O3 occurs in nature as the mineral eskolaite which is green.

Classification of Ruby

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Physical Properties of Ruby

Colour:Red
Hardness (Mohs):9

Chemical Properties of Ruby

Formula:
Al
 
2
O
 
3
Essential elements:Al, O
All elements listed in formula:Al, O

Other Names for Ruby

Synonyms:
AnthraxOriental Ruby
Other Languages:
Arabic:ياقوت
Basque:Errubi
Bulgarian:Рубин
Czech:Rubín
Danish:Rubin
Dutch:Rubin
Esperanto:Rubeno
Estonian:Rubiin
Finnish:Rubiini
French:Rubis
Galician:Rubí
German:Rubin
Hebrew:אודם
רובי
Indonesian:Rubi
Italian:Rubino
Japanese:ルビー
Korean:루비
Latvian:Rubīns
Lithuanian:Rubinas
Norwegian (Bokmål):Rubin
Persian:یاقوت
Polish:Rubin
Portuguese:Rubin
Romanian:Rubin
Russian:Рубин
Serbian (Cyrillic Script):Рубин
Simplified Chinese:红宝石
Slovak:Rubín
Slovenian:Rubin
Spanish:Rubí
Swedish:Rubin
Telugu:కెంపు
Thai:ทับทิม
Traditional Chinese:紅寶石
Turkish:Yakut
Ukrainian:Рубін
Vietnamese:Hồng ngọc
Varieties:
BarklyiteStar Ruby

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

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    Localities for Ruby

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Kabol (Kabul) Province
      • Sorobi District
    		Garnier, V., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Dubessy, J., Banks, D., Vinh, H.Q., Lhomme, T., Maluski, H., Pêcher, A., Bakhsh, K.A., Long, P.V., Trinh, P.T., and Schwarz, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 169-191.
    • Konar (Kunar; Konarh; Konarha; Nuristan) Province
      • Sorobi District
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Gloucester Co.
        • Barrington Tops
      • Selwyn Co.
        • Tumbarumba
    		Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets, 1982
    • Northern Territory
    		[MinRec 11:271]
        • Mount Brady
    Zia U. Bajwah, Huckitta 1:250 000 Mineral deposit data series, Northern Territory Geological Survey, 1994
    • South Australia
      • Andamooka Ranges - Lake Torrens area
        • Stuart Shelf area
          • Mt Gunson
    [var: Barklyite] No reference listed
      • Amphitheatre
      • Gippsland
    • Western Australia
      • Cue Shire
        • Cue
          • Poona
    		Groat, L.A., Giuliani, G., Marshall, D.D., and Turner, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 87-112.
    Burma (Myanmar)
     
    • Kachin State
      • Myitkyina District
    • Mandalay Division
      • Ayeyarwady river (Irrawaddy river)
      • Mainglôn
        • Nampai Valley
    		Dana 6: 1031.
      • Mandalay District
        • Mandalay
      • Sagaing District
        • Mogok
          • Kyauk-Pyat-Thet
            • Wetloo quarter
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    No reference listed
    • Shan State
      • Nawarat
    Cambodia
     
    • Krong Pailin (Pailin) Municipality
    		Peter Cristofono
    Rocks & Min.: 20:467.
    • Rattanakiri (Ratanakiri; Rotanokiri) Province
    China
     
    • Hainan Province (Hainan Island)
      • Ding'an Co.
        • Penglai
    		Wang Furui (1988): Gems & Gemology 24(3), 155-160.
    • Yunnan Province
      • Yuxi Prefecture
        • Yuanjiang Co.
    		Dong Ye and Xueliang Liu (2006): Journal of Gems and Gemmmology 8(3), 21-24.
    Colombia
     
    • Cauca Department
      • Mercaderes
    		Sutherland, F.L., Duroc-Danner, J.M., and Meffre, S. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 155-168.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Liberec Region
        • Jizerské Mts (Iser Mts)
    		Kotrlý, M., Malíková, P., Holub F. X.: Malá Jizerská louka, klasické naleziště drahokamové asociace. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 25-40. and Kotrlý, M., Malíková, P.: Klasická lokalita Malá Jizerská louka. Minerál, 2002, roč. 10, č. 4, s. 251 - 262.
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • Lavoûte-Chilhac
          • Saint-Ilpize
    		FORESTIER F. H., LASNIER B. (1969) – Découverte de niveaux d’amphibolites à pargasite, anorthite, corindon et saphirine dans les schistes cristallins de la vallée du Haut-Allier – Existence du faciès granulite dans la massif Central Français, Contr. Mineral. And Petrol. 23, pp. 194-235.
          • Saint-Privat-du-Dragon
            • Feneyrolles
    		Collected by Guy Pégère
    PERINET F., PEGERE G. (2009) – Les sables éluvionnaires à rubis et sapphirine du secteur de Peygerolles, St-Privat-du-Dragon, Haute-Loire – Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n° 104, pp. 35-41.
    Germany
     
    • Saxony
      • Döbeln
        • Waldheim
    		H. Vollstädt, R. Baumgärtel: "Einheimische Edelsteine", 2nd. ed., Steinkopff (Dresden), 1977
    Greece
     
    • Macedonia Department
      • Dráma Prefecture
    		Christos Spiromitros collected specimens.
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Nuuk (Godthåb)
    		Petersen, O. V. & Secher, K. (1993): The Minerals of Greenland. Mineralogical Record 24 (2): 1-67
          • Bjørnesund
    		Petersen, O.V & Johnsen, O. (1980): Giant crystals of Kornerupine. Mineralogical Record 11,93-96
    Friend, C,R.L. (1982): A1-Cr substitution in peraluminous sapphirines
    India
     
    Rob Lavinsky
    • Karnataka
    		No reference listed
    [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    Kenya
     
    • Coast Province
      • Taita Taveta District
    		Mercier A., Debat P. & Saul J.M. (1999): Exotic origin of the ruby deposits of the Mangari area in SE Kenya. Ore Geology Reviews, 14, 83-104.
        • Tsavo West
    		[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
          • Tsavo West
    Madagascar
     
    • Antananarivo Province
      • Vakinankaratra Region (Betafo - Antsirabé region)
        • Antsirabé 2 District
    		Rakotondrazafy, A.F.M., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Rakotosamizanany, S., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Maluski, H., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., and Ratrimo, V. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 134-154.
    Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270.
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Horombe region
        • Ihosy District
          • Ihosy
            • Amboarohy
              • Ambahatraso
    • Toamasina (Tamatave) Province
      • Alaotra-Mangoro Region
        • Ambatondrazaka District
    		Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270.
      • Analanjirofo Region
        • Fenoarivo East (Fenerive) District
    		 Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270.
    T.R.Yager: The Mineral Industry of Madagascar. US.Geological Survey Yearbook 2001, 201-204.
      • Eastern (Atsinanana) Region
        • Vatomandry District
    • Tuléar (Toliara) Province
      • Anosy (Fort Dauphin) Region
        • Betroka District
          • Isoanala Commune
    		Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270.
      • Southwestern Region
        • Ampanihy District
    		Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270.
          • Gogogogo Commune
    		Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270.
          • Vohitany Commune
    		Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270.
    Malawi
     
    • Mwanza District
    • Ntcheu District
    Mozambique
     
    • Tete Province
      • Chimessolo
    		António Manuel Ináçio Martins.
    Nepal
    J. Gemmol. 1986. V. 20. N 1. P. 3-10
    J. Gemmol. 1986. V. 20. N 1. P. 3-10
    • Bagmati Zone
      • Dhading District
    		Garnier, V., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Dubessy, J., Banks, D., Vinh, H.Q., Lhomme, T., Maluski, H., Pêcher, A., Bakhsh, K.A., Long, P.V., Trinh, P.T., and Schwarz, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 169-191.
    Garnier, V., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Dubessy, J., Banks, D., Vinh, H.Q., Lhomme, T., Maluski, H., Pêcher, A., Bakhsh, K.A., Long, P.V., Trinh, P.T., and Schwarz, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 169-191.
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Arahura Valley
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Froland
    		Oftedahl, Chr. (1963): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway No 19. Red corundum of Froland at arendal. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 43, 431-439; Eldjarn, K. (1979): Mineraler i Norge- Korund. NAGS-nytt 6 (4): 29-31
    Pakistan
     
    • Azad Kashmir
      • Muzaffarabad district
    		Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
        • Neelum Valley
    		Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
    • Northern Areas
      • Astor District (Astore District)
    		Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
      • Gilgit District
    		Gübelin, E. (1982): Die Edelsteinvorkommen Pakistans. 1. Teil. Die Rubine aus dem Hunzatal. LAPIS 7 (5),19-26
    Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
        • Northern Karelia
    		[MinRec 28:132]
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Polar Urals
        • Tyumenskaya Oblast'
    		[MinRec 32:42]
    Somaliland
     
    Sri Lanka
     
    • Central Province
    • North Central Province
    • Sabaragamuwa Province
    No reference listed
    Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738
    Switzerland
     
    • Bern
      • Hasli Valley
        • Grimsel area
          • Lower Aar glacier area
            • Lower Aar glacier
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 242.
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Misox (Mesolcina Valley)
        • Roveredo
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 242.
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Riviera
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 242.
    Tajikistan
     
    • Viloyati Mukhtori Gorno-Badakhshan (Viloyati Badakhshoni Kuni)
    		[MinRec 32:42]
        • Pyandzh River Valley
          • Kukh-i-Lal (Kukhilal; Kuhi-lal)
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Tanzania
     
    • Arusha Region
    		Min. Rec. 35:145
      • Lake Manyara
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    • Dodoma region
      • Mpapwa (Mpwampwa) District
        • Mpapwa
    		http://www.gemologyonline.com/Forum/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=6001&highlight=winza
    • Kilimanjaro Region
      • Mt Kilimanjaro
        • Longido
    		[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    • Rukwa Region
      • Nkasi District
        • Chala village
    • Ruvuma Region
    Thailand
     
    USA
     
    • Alabama
    		Gems and Minerals of America- Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • San Gabriel Mts
          • San Antonio Canyon
    		Widely distributed in numerous collections.
    • Georgia
    		Gems and Minerals of America-Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
    Gems and Minerals of America- Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
    Gems and Minerals of America- Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
    Gems and Minerals of America- Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
    Gems and Minerals of America- Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
    • Indiana
    		Gems and Minerals of America- Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
    • Montana
    		Jay Ellis Ransom,1974, Gems and Minerals of America
    Jay Ellis Ransom,1974, Gems and Minerals of America
    • New Jersey
    		Gems and Minerals of America- Jay Ellis Ransom -1974
    • North Carolina
      • Clay Co.
    Michael Streeter,2003, A Rockhounding Guide to North Carolinas Blue Ridge Mountains
        • Elf School area
    		Michael Streeter,2003, A Rockhounding Guide to North Carolinas Blue Ridge Mountains
    [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    U.S Bureau of Mines,Spatial Data Extracted from the Minerals System/Mineral Industry Location System(MAS/MILS)CD-Rom,Sep,1995
    Gems and Minerals of America-Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Lincolnton
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:56.
      • Macon Co.
        • Alarka
    		U.S Bureau of Mines,Spatial Data Extracted from the Minerals System/Mineral Industry Location System (MAS/MILS)CD-Rom,Sep,1995
    U.S Bureau of Mines,Spatial Data Extracted from the Minerals System/Mineral Industry Location System(MAS/MILS)CD-Rom,Sep,1995
    Wilson,W.F and McKenzie,B.J,1978,Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina
    U.S Bureau of Mines,Spatial Data Extacted from the Minerals System/Mineral Industry Location System(MAS/MILS)CD-Rom,Sep,1995.
    U.S Bureau of Mines, Sep, 1995
    U.S Bureau of Mines, Sep, 1995
        • Cowee Valley
          • Ellijay District
    U.S Bureau of Mines, Sep, 1995
    U.S Bureau of Mines, Sep,1995
    U.S Bureau of Mines, Sep,1995
    U.S Bureau of Mines, Sep,1995
    U.S Bureau of Mines, Sep,1995
    Wilson,W.F and McKenzie,B.J,1978,Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina,Information Circular 24
    Dana 6: 1077.
    Gems and Minerals of America-Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
      • Transylvania Co.
    		Richard James Jacquot,Jr.2003,Rock,Gem,and Mineral Collecting Sites In Western North Carolina, pg # 144
      • Wake Co.
        • Barton's Creek
    		Rocks & Minerals 47:645-648 (1972)
    • Utah
      • Tooele Co.
        • Oquirrh Mts
          • Ophir District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Washington
      • Okanogan Co.
        • Riverside
    		 Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon 1975
    • Wyoming
      • Fremont Co.
        • Granite Mountains
          • Graham Ranch
    		Rocks & Minerals 77:5 pp334-339
    Rocks & Minerals 77:5 pp334-339
        • Tin Cup Mountain
    		Rocks & Minerals 76:386
    Vietnam
     
    • Nghe An (Nghe Tinh) Province
    • Yenbai (Yen Bai) Province
    		[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
    www.mindat.org Web
    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2009. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them.Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register. Current server date and time: 28th Oct 2009 10:09:53