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Russellite

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Cínovec / Zinnwald (Cinvald), Erzgebirge; Krusné Hory Mts, Saxony & Ústí Region (Bohemia; Böhmen; Boehmen), Germany & Czech Republic
© Petr Fuchs

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Formula:
Bi
 
2
WO
 
6
System:OrthorhombicColour:Yellow-green, yellow
Hardness:3½
Name:
Named after Sir Arthur Russell (1878-1964), British mineralogist.


An alteration product of primary bismuth minerals and wolframite.

The tungstate analogue of koechlinite and the Bi analogue of tungstibite.

Classification of Russellite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/G.01-70
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DE.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
E : With medium-sized cations; with various polyhedra
Dana 8th edition ID:48.2.1.1

48 : ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
2 : A2XO4
Hey's CIM Ref.:27.4.10

27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
4 : Tungstates
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Type Occurrence of Russellite

Type Locality:Castle-an-Dinas Mine, Castle-an-Dinas, St Columb Major, St Austell District, Cornwall, England, UK
Year of Discovery:1938

Physical Properties of Russellite

Colour:Yellow-green, yellow
Hardness (Mohs):3½
Density (measured):7.33 - 7.37 g/cm3
Density (calculated):7.4 g/cm3

Crystallography of Russellite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:a = 5.43Å, b = 16.43Å, c = 5.45Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.33 : 1 : 0.332
Unit Cell Volume:V 486.22 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Optical Data of Russellite

Type:Biaxial (+)
Dispersion:relatively strong

Chemical Properties of Russellite

Formula:
Bi
 
2
WO
 
6
Essential elements:Bi, O, W
All elements listed in formula:Bi, O, W

Relationship of Russellite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.DE.05Downeyite
SeO
 
2
4.DE.10Koragoite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
(Nb,Ta,Ti)
 
2
(Nb,Mn)
 
2
(W,Ta)
 
2
O
 
20
4.DE.15Koechlinite
Bi
 
2
MoO
 
6
4.DE.15Tungstibite
Sb
3+
2
WO
 
6
4.DE.20Tellurite
TeO
 
2
4.DE.25Paratellurite
TeO
 
2
4.DE.30Bismutotantalite
Bi(Ta,Nb)O
 
4
4.DE.30Bismutocolumbite
Bi(Nb,Ta)O
 
4
4.DE.30Cervantite
Sb
3+
 
Sb
5+
 
O
 
4
4.DE.30Stibiotantalite
Sb(Ta,Nb)O
 
4
4.DE.30Stibiocolumbite
Sb(Nb,Ta)O
 
4
4.DE.30Clinocervantite
Sb
3+
 
Sb
5+
 
O
 
4
4.DE.35Baddeleyite
ZrO
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
27.4.1Cuprotungstite
Cu
 
2
(WO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
27.4.2Scheelite
Ca(WO
 
4
)
27.4.4Anthoinite
AlWO
 
3
(OH)
 
3
27.4.5Mpororoite
WAlO
 
3
(OH)
 
3
 · 2(H
 
2
O)
27.4.6Yttrotungstite-(Y)
YW
 
2
O
 
6
(OH)
 
3
27.4.7Yttrotungstite-(Ce)
(Ce,Nd,Y)W
 
2
O
 
6
(OH)
 
3
27.4.8Stolzite
Pb(WO
 
4
)
27.4.9Raspite
Pb(WO
 
4
)
27.4.11Pinalite
Pb
 
3
WO
 
5
Cl
 
2
27.4.12Uranotungstite
(Fe
2+
 
,Ba,Pb)(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(WO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
 · 12H
 
2
O
27.4.13Hübnerite
MnWO
 
4
27.4.14Ferberite
FeWO
 
4
27.4.15Wolframite
(Fe
2+
 
)WO
 
4
 
 
to (Mn
2+
 
)WO
 
4
27.4.16Ferritungstite
27.4.17Phyllotungstite
(H
 
2
O,M)
 
x
(W,Fe)(O,OH)
 
3
 · yH
 
2
O (M = Ca, Cs, Pb or K)
27.4.18Qitianlingite
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
WO
 
10

Other Names for Russellite

Other Languages:
German:Russellit
Russian:Русселит
Spanish:Russellita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Russellite

Reference List:

- +
Hey, Bannister, and Russell (1938),
Mineralogical Magazine: 25: 41.

American Mineralogist (1938): 23: 121.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 604-605.

Mineralogical Magazine (1992): 56: 399-409.

American Mineralogist (1993): 78: 454.

Internet Links for Russellite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Russellite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Russellite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Gough Co.
        • Elsmore
    		Rankin, J., Lawrence, L. J., Sharpe, J. L. and Williams, P. A. (2002): Rare secondary bismuth, tungsten and molybdenum minerals from Elsmore, New England district of New South Wales. Austral. J. Mineral. 8, 55-60.
    • South Australia
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges (Adelaide Hills)
          • Lobethal
    		A. Pring, W. Aird and U. Kolitsch (2003): Perite and russellite from South Australia. Austral. J. Mineral. 9, 87-90.
    • Victoria
      • Pittong
    		Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection
      • Thologolong
    		Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection
    • Western Australia
      • Cue Shire
    		No reference listed
    Canada
     
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
        • Mackenzie Mts
          • Nahanni River area
    		MinRec 17:340
    • Yukon Territory
      • Mayo Mining District
        • Mayo
          • Kalzas Mt
    		J.W. Anthony, R.A. Bideaux, K.W. Bladh, M.C. Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997)
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Horní Slavkov (Schlaggenwald)
          • Krásno (Schönfeld)
    		Sejkora, J., Ondruš, P., Fikar, M., Veselovský, F., Mach, Z., Gabašová, A., Skoda, R. & Beran, P. (2006): Supergene minerals at the Huber stock and Schnöd stock deposits, Krásno ore District, the Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 57-101.
      • Liberec Region
    		Pauliš, P., Kopista, J., Sláma, J.: Zajímavá lokalita Sn-W minerálů v Jeřmanicích u Liberce. Minerál, 2008, roč. 16, č. 3, s. 238-243.
      • Ústí Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Krupka (Graupen)
            • Steinknochen (Lux vein) area
    		Lapis 23(4), 18-34 (1998)
    France
     
    • Limousin
      • Corrèze
        • Meymac
    		Ansermet, S., Cuchet, S. & Meisser, N. (2010): Minéralogie de la mine de La grange, Meymac, Corrèze. Le Règne Minéral, 91: 23-31
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Nordrach
    		No reference listed
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German); KOLITSCH, U. & GÖTZINGER, M. (2000): Einige Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald: Eulytin, Namibit, Volborthit, Gearksutit, Spertiniit, Monazit-(La), Protasit, Sainfeldit, Cyanotrichit und Vauquelinit. - Erzgräber 14, 33-47.
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Altenberg
    		Mineralien-Welt, (2), 17-39.
        • Johanngeorgenstadt District
          • Steinbach
    		No reference listed
        • Schneeberg District
    		J. Gröbner, U. Kolitsch: Lapis 30(7/8):71-73 (2005)
      • Vogtland
        • Oelsnitz
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Germany & Czech Republic
     
    • Saxony & Ústí Region (Bohemia; Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Erzgebirge; Krusné Hory Mts
    		Jansa, J., Novák, F., Pauliš, P., Scharmová, M.: Supergenní minerály Sn-W ložiska Cínovec v Krušných horách (Česká republika). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1998, roč. 6, s. 83-101; Lapis 17(2), 31-35 (1992)
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
      • Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert)
    		Jeremolenko, V. (2002): Kara-Oba: Mineralogische Perle der Betpak-Ebene bei Dzhambul, Kasachstan. Lapis 27 (4), 13-34 + 50; Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2008): Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern, 321 pp. (in English)
      • Karibib District
    		Schnaitmann, E. A., Nägele, H., Niedermayr, G., Brandstätter, F. & Jahn, S. (2007): Das Metazeunerit-Pocket auf Tubussis 22, Erongo. Mineralien-Welt 18 (2), 33-43. (in German)
    • Kunene Region
      • Damaraland District
        • Omaruru
    		Jahn, S. & Bast, R. (2006): Der Krantzberg bei Omaruru, Namibia, und die Mineralvorkommen in seiner Umgebung. Mineralien-Welt 17 (3), 32-48.; - Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern (in English)
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Callington District
          • Calstock
            • Gunnislake
    		Golley, P., and Williams, R. (1995): Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Publications (Truro), 104 pp.; Weiss, S., Green, D.H., Hooper, J.J., and Elton, N. (2007): Lapis 32(11), 13-25
        • St Austell District
          • St Columb Major
            • Castle-an-Dinas
    		[Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"]
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Southern Fells
            • Waberthwaite
    		BMS Database
      • Devon
        • Tavistock District
          • Plympton
    		Mineralogical Record (2001) 32:249
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