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Salammoniac

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Ravat Village (site of), Yagnob River, Zeravshan Range, Viloyati Sogd (Viloyati Sughd; Viloyati Khodzhent; Viloyati Leninabad), Tajikistan
© Rob Lavinsky

Show Salammoniac Photos (98)

Formula:

System:

Isometric

Colour:

Colourless, White, ...

Hardness:

1 - 2

Name:

From Greek, άλς άμμωυιακός sals ammonikos, salt of Ammon, because of its early manufacture in Egypt.

This page provides mineralogical data about Salammoniac.

Classification of Salammoniac

IMA status:

Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"

Strunz 8th edition ID:

3/A.04-10

Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:

3.AA.25

3 : HALIDES
A : Simple halides, without H₂O
A : M:X = 1:1, 2:3, 3:5, etc.

Dana 8th edition ID:

9.1.3.1

9 : NORMAL HALIDES
1 : AX

Hey's CIM Ref.:

8.1.7

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
1 : Halides of the alkali metals and ammonium

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http://www.mindat.org/min-3507.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Occurrences of Salammoniac

Geological Setting:

Volcanic fumaroles; burning coal seams; guano deposits.

Physical Properties of Salammoniac

Lustre:

Vitreous

Diaphaneity (Transparency):

Transparent

Colour:

Colourless, White, sometimes yellow or brown.

Hardness (Mohs):

1 - 2

Tenacity:

Sectile

Cleavage:

Very Good
Imperfect on {111}.

Parting:

Translation gliding with T{011}, t[001].

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density (measured):

1.532 g/cm³

Density (calculated):

1.535 g/cm³

Crystallography of Salammoniac

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

4 3 2 - Gyroidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 3.859Å

Unit Cell Volume:

V 57.47 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Crystals usually trapezohedral {112} modified by {113} at times; less commonly with gyroidal forms alone, or in combination. Dodecahedral; cubic (rare). Crystals often exhibit curved or stepped faces and may present a tetragnal or rhombohedral appearance due to suppression of faces and distortion. Skeletal or dendritic aggregates. Crusts or stalactitic masses; fibrous, earthy or mealy.

Twinning:

On {111}.

Optical Data of Salammoniac

Type:

Isotropic

Comments:

Weakly birefringent at times, especially after mechanical deformation.

Chemical Properties of Salammoniac

Formula:

Essential elements:

Cl, H, N

All elements listed in formula:

Cl, H, N

CAS Registry number:

12125-02-9

CAS Registry numbers are published by the American Chemical Society

Analytical Data:

Taste salty, astringent. Very plastic

Relationship of Salammoniac to other Species

3.AA.05

Marshite

CuI

3.AA.05

Miersite

(Ag,Cu)I

3.AA.05

Nantokite

CuCl

3.AA.05

UM1999-11:I:CuS

Cu(I,S)

3.AA.10

Iodargyrite

AgI

3.AA.10

Tocornalite

(Ag,Hg)I

3.AA.15

Bromargyrite

AgBr

3.AA.15

Chlorargyrite

AgCl

3.AA.20

Carobbiite

3.AA.20

Griceite

LiF

3.AA.20

Halite

NaCl

3.AA.20

Sylvite

KCl

3.AA.20

Villiaumite

NaF

3.AA.25

UM1998-03-Cl:Tl

TlCl

3.AA.25

Lafossaite

Tl(Cl,Br)

3.AA.30

Calomel

(Hg

)Cl

3.AA.30

Kuzminite

(Hg

)(Br,Cl)

3.AA.30

Moschelite

(Hg

3.AA.35

Neighborite

NaMgF

3.AA.40

Chlorocalcite

KCaCl

3.AA.45

Kolarite

PbTeCl

3.AA.50

Radhakrishnaite

PbTe

(Cl,S)

3.AA.55

Challacolloite

KPb

3.AA.60

Hephaistosite

TlPb

8.1.1

Griceite

LiF

8.1.2

Villiaumite

NaF

8.1.3

Halite

NaCl

8.1.4

Hydrohalite

NaCl · 2H

8.1.5

Carobbiite

8.1.6

Sylvite

KCl

Other Names for Salammoniac

Other Languages:

French:	Chlorure d'ammonium Sel ammoniac
German:	Salmiak Ammoniumchlorid Natürliches Salmiak Salammoniak Salmiac
Italian:	Chlorammonio
Latin:	Sal ammoniacus

Russian:	Нашатырь

Other Information

Other Information:

Water Soluble

Health Warning:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

External Links

Search for toxicity information at the United States National Library of Medicine

References for Salammoniac

Reference List:

- +

Model, G. (1758): Versuche und Gedanken über ein natürliches und gewachsenes Salmiak, Leipzig 1758

Klaproth, M.H. (1802): Chemische Untersuchung des natürlichen Salmiaks, Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, Dritter Band, Rottmann Berlin, 89-94

Rammelsberg (1855): 41 (das Chlorammonium).

Scacchi (1875) Acc. Napoli: 67: 28 (as Chlorammonio).

Rammelsberg (1881): 247.

Groth (1906): 1: 182 (as Ammoniumchlorid).

Johnsen (1907) Jb. Min. Beil.-Bd.: 33: 311.

Wyckoff (1922) American Journal of Science: 3: 177.

Wyckoff (1922) American Journal of Science: 4: 469.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 15-18.

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (1959): 1205.

Internet Links for Salammoniac

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External Links:

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Look for Salammoniac on Wikipedia

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Sal Ammoniac details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)

Mineral Dealers:

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Localities for Salammoniac

The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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(TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.


Austria
Styria Köflach Köflach - Voitsberg lignite deposit Zangtal District Muttlkogel	R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
Leoben Münzenberg	FREYN, R. (1906): Über einige neue Mineralfunde und Fundorte in Steiermark. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines für Steiermark 42, 283-317.
Seegraben	FREYN, R. (1906): Über einige neue Mineralfunde und Fundorte in Steiermark. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines für Steiermark 42, 283-317.
Tyrol North Tyrol Inn valley Innsbruck Hall Salt mine	R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)

Belgium
Hainaut Province (Henegouwen; Hennegau) Charleroi Fleurus Soleimont (Soleilmont) Gilly North Colliery	Richard de Nul communication
Ransart Terril St. Charles (slag locality)	Rui Nunes (info Eddy Vervloet) Dec 28th 2005
Limburg Province Maasmechelen Eisden Mine	www.strahlen.org/vp/be/eisden/eisden.htm

Chile
Tarapacá Region	Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 17.
Iquique Province Caleta Chanabaya Pabellón de Pica	Collected by Reynaldo Contreira
Iquique Puerta Patillos Punta Patache	http://forum.amiminerals.org/viewtopic.php?t=3756&highlight=patache

China
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Wuhai League (Wuhai Prefecture) Wuda District Wuda Coal mining area Huangbaici coal field	American Mineralogist: 90: 1729-1739.
Ningxia Autonomous Region Shizuishan Prefecture Dawukou District Gulaben coal field	Kuenzer, C., Jianzhong Zhang, Tetzlaff, A., van Dijk, P., Voigt, S., Mehl, H., and Wagner, W. (2007): Applied Geography 27, 42-62.
Rujigou coal field	Kuenzer, C., Jianzhong Zhang, Tetzlaff, A., van Dijk, P., Voigt, S., Mehl, H., and Wagner, W. (2007): Applied Geography 27, 42-62.

Czech Republic
Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen) Central Bohemia Region Kladno	Zacek, V., Oplustil, S., Mayova, A. & Meyer, F. R. (1995): Die Mineralien von Kladno in Mittelböhmen, Tschechische Republik. Mineralien-Welt 6 (1), 13-30 (in German).
Hradec Králové Region Trutnov (Trautenau) Radvanice Kateřina Coal Mine	Žáček, V., Ondruš, P.: Mineralogy of recently formed sublimates from Kateřina colliery in Radvanice, Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic. Bulletin of the Czech geological survey, 1998, vol. 73, no. 2, s. 289-302.
Žacléř Jan Šverma Mine	Harapát, L.: Minerály hořících hald dolu Jan Šverma u Žacléře. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1986, roč. 31, č. 1, s. 99-100.
Ústí Region Bílina (Bilin) Bílina coal mine	Bouška, V., Dvořák, Z.: Nerosty severočeské hěndouhelné pánve. Praha: Severočeské doly, a.s., 160 s.
Moravia (Mähren; Maehren) South Moravia Region Hodonín Kelčany	Kruťa T. (1944): Nález nové recentní síry a salmiaku v Kelčanech na Moravě. Věda přírodní, 23, 61.

France
Auvergne Allier Montluçon Commentry Coal mines	"Les minéraux, leurs gisements, leurs associations", P. Bariand, F. Cesbron et J. Geffroy (1977), Editions Minéraux et Fossiles, BRGM
Franche-Comté Haute-Saône Ronchamp Coal mine	Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994
Midi-Pyrénées Aveyron Decazeville Decazeville coal basin Cransac
Découverte de Lassalle	http://www.pangeaminerals.com/aveyron/houiller/houiller.htm
Nord-Pas-de-Calais Pas-de-Calais Avion	Naze-Nancy Masalehdani, M., Mees, F., Dubois, M., Coquinot, Y., Potdevin, J.-L., Fialin, M. & Blanc-Valleron, M.-M. (2009): Condensate minerals from a burning coal-waste heap in Avion, Northern France. Can. Mineral. 47, 573-591.
Rhône-Alpes Loire Rive-de-Gier Genilac Mont du Feu	Gonnard F. (1906) - Minéralogie des départements du Rhône et de la Loire, p.23
Saint-Etienne Couriot Mine	Laurent, H. (1995) - Minéralisations des houillères embrasées, Le Règne Minéral,(2), 41-45.
La Ricamarie Crassier Saint-Pierre	Laurent, H. (1995) - Minéralisations des houillères embrasées, Le Règne Minéral,(2), 41-45.

French West Indies
Martinique Mt. Pelée	Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 17.

Germany
Bavaria Upper Bavaria Bad Reichenhall Berchtesgaden Berchtesgadener Salzberg Salt Mine
North Rhine-Westphalia Aachen Alsdorf Anna Mine	Blaß, G. and Strehler, H. (1993): Mineralbildungen in einer durch Selbstentzündung brennenden Bergehalde des Aachener Steinkohlenreviers. Mineralien-Welt 4 (4), 35-42. (in German)
Ruhr Coal Mining area Oberhausen Alstaden Mine	Vertacnik, W. (1983): Salmiak von der Abraumhalde der ehemaligen Zeche Alstaden, Rheinland. Aufschluss 34, 177-180.; Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
Saarland Saar coal mining area Saarbrücken Dudweiler (Duttweiler) Brennender Berg	Ramdohr, Strunz: Klockmann's Lehrbuch der Mineralogie
Sulzbach Fischbach Camphausen Mine	Richard Dale Collection
Saxony Dresden Freital Carola Mine (Königin Carola Mine; Paul Berndt Mine)	P Haas collection
Zwickau Oelsnitz Deutschlandschacht Mine	T. Witzke (1996): Die Minerale der brennenden Halde der Steinkohlengrube "Deutschland-schacht" in Oelsnitz bei Zwickau.- Aufschluss 47, 41-48
Thuringia Gera Ronneburg U deposit Lichtenberg Absetzer Mine (dump)	T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64

Hungary
Baranya Co. Mecsek Mts. Komló Budafa coal mine
Shaft No. III	Csaba Papp specimen
Pécs Pécs-Vasas	Koller G.Own found.
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co. Borsodi Mts. Edelény	Szakáll & Gatter: hungarian Mineral Species
Múcsony Szeles Shaft	Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary
Bükk Mts. Miskolc Lyukóbánya	Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
Heves Co. Bükk Mts. Egercsehi	Szakáll & Jánosi. Minerals of Hungary, 1995
Nógrád Co. Mátra Mts. Bátonyterenye Kányáspuszta	Szakáll-Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary
Szorospatak

Iceland
Hekla	Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 17.
Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands) Heimaey island Heimaey Eldfell	Mitolo, D., Garavelli, A., Pedersen, L., Balić-Žunić, T., Jakobsson, S.P., Vurro, F. (2008): Mineralogy of actually forming sublimates at Eldfell Volcano, Heimaey (Vestmannaeyjar archipelago), Iceland. Plinius, 34, 322.

Italy
Campania Naples Province Somma-Vesuvius Complex Mt Vesuvius	Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 17, 105.
Phlegrean Volcanic Complex Naples Province Phlegrean Fields Pozzuoli Solfatara di Pozzuoli	Russo, M. (2004): Realgar e pararealgar della Solfatara di Pozzuoli. Micro (notizie mineralogiche), 2004, 25-28
Sicily Catania Province Etna Volcanic Complex Mt Etna	Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 17; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
Messina Province Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands) Lipari Stromboli Island	Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 17; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
Vulcano Island La Fossa crater	JERVIS G. (1873): I tesori sotterranei d’Italia. - Ed. Loescher, Torino. AQUILANO D., FRANCHINI ANGELA M., BEDARIDA F. (1984): Crystal habit and growth conditions of NH4(Cl,Br) solid solutions from Vulcano Island (Italy). - Rendiconti della Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrografia - 39, 705-710. CORADOSSI N., MAZZI F. (1985): Variazione della costante reticolare a0 con il contenuto di bromo nel cloruro di ammonio naturale (salmiak) di Vulcano (Isole Eolie). - Rendiconti della Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrografia - 40, 267-275.
Porto Levante Faraglione Nico (Faraglione Nicu)	JERVIS G. (1873): I tesori sotterranei d’Italia. - Ed. Loescher, Torino. AQUILANO D., FRANCHINI ANGELA M., BEDARIDA F. (1984): Crystal habit and growth conditions of NH4(Cl,Br) solid solutions from Vulcano Island (Italy). - Rendiconti della Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrografia - 39, 705-710. CORADOSSI N., MAZZI F. (1985): Variazione della costante reticolare a0 con il contenuto di bromo nel cloruro di ammonio naturale (salmiak) di Vulcano (Isole Eolie). - Rendiconti della Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrografia - 40, 267-275.

Japan
Hokkaido Sorachi Province Mikasa City Ikushunbetsu	Alfredo Petrov specimen; Shimobayashi, N., Ohnishi, M., Miura, H. (2011) Ammonium sulfate minerals from Mikasa, Hokkaido, Japan: boussingaultite, godovikovite, efremovite and tschermigite. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 106, (in press).

Mexico
Michoacan Uruapan del Progreso (Uruapan) Paricutin volcano	No reference listed

Netherlands
Limburg Kerkrade Willem-Sophia mine

Norway
Svalbard Spitsbergen Pyramiden Coal Mine	Oftedahl, I (1929): Minerals from the burning coal seam at Mt.Pyramide, Spitsbergen. (part II of Werenskiold, W.and Oftedal, I: A burning coal seam at Mt.Pyramide, Spitsbergen.] in Hoel, A, Editor): Det norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, Resultater av de norske statsunderstøttede Spitsbergenekspeditioner (Skrifter om Svalbard og Ishavet), Vol I, No 3, 9-14

Peru
La Libertad Department Trujillo Province Virù Guañape Island	Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 17.
North Chincha Island	Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 17.

Poland
Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie) Kłodzko District Nowa Ruda (Neurode) Słupiec Mine (John Mine)	Wielogórski Z., Zawidzki P., Koisar B. 1975. Procesy powstawania minerałów w strefach pożarów hałdy kopalni węgla "Słupiec". Przegląd Górniczy, 9, 443-448
Upper Silesia (Śląskie) Upper Silesian Coal Basin Katowice area Czerwionka-Dębieńsko	Parafiniuk, J. and Kruszewski, Ł. (2009): Ammonium minerals from burning coal-dumps of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). Geol. Quart., 53, 341-356. http://www.pgi.gov.pl/images/stories/G_Q/53_3/parafiniuk.pdf]
Łaziska Skalny dump	Lukasz Kruszewski 2005: Minerals arising in cause of underground fires of "Skalny" coal mine dump in Laziska, Upper Silesia.Mag. Thesis (unpublished); Parafiniuk, J. and Kruszewski, Ł. (2009): Ammonium minerals from burning coal-dumps of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). Geol. Quart., 53, 341-356. http://www.pgi.gov.pl/images/stories/G_Q/53_3/parafiniuk.pdf]
Siemianowice Śląskie Dąbrowka Wielka	Lukasz Kruszewski (visual identification)
Rybnik Coal Area Rybnik-Rymer	Parafiniuk, J. and Kruszewski, Ł. (2009): Ammonium minerals from burning coal-dumps of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). Geol. Quart., 53, 341-356. http://www.pgi.gov.pl/images/stories/G_Q/53_3/parafiniuk.pdf]
Rydułtowy	Parafiniuk, J. and Kruszewski, Ł. (2009): Ammonium minerals from burning coal-dumps of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). Geol. Quart., 53, 341-356. http://www.pgi.gov.pl/images/stories/G_Q/53_3/parafiniuk.pdf]

Portugal
Porto District Gondomar São Pedro da Cova São Pedro da Cova Mine	Rui Nunes - Jan/2006

Russia
Far-Eastern Region Kamchatka Oblast' Klyuchevskiy (Klyuchevskaya) Volcano
Mutnovskoe	[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
Rodnikovoe	[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p.163-180]
Urals Region Southern Urals Chelyabinsk Oblast' Chelyabinsk coal basin	Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).

South Africa
Free State Province Fezile Dabi District Sasolburg	International Journal of Coal Geology 72 (2007) 124–140
Mpumalanga Province Witbank Witbank coalfield	International Journal of Coal Geology 72 (2007) 124–140

Switzerland
Vaud (Waadt) Bex Salt mine	Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 359.

Tajikistan
Viloyati Sogd (Viloyati Sughd; Viloyati Khodzhent; Viloyati Leninabad) Gissar Range Jijikrut (Dzhidzhikrut)	Lukasz Kruszewski (PXRD, visual identification)
Zeravshan Range Yagnob River Kukhi-Malik (Kuhi-malik) area	Lukasz Kruszewski (visual identification)
Ravat Village (site of)	No reference listed

UK
England Staffordshire Bradley	Hall, T.M. (1868): The Mineralogist's Directory. Edward Stanford (London), 168 pp.
Tyne & Wear Newcastle upon Tyne	Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 17; F. Rutley: "Elements of Mineralogy", 12th Ed. (1900)

Ukraine
L'viv Oblast' (Lviv Oblast'; Lwiw Oblast') L'viv-Volynskii Coal Basin (L'vov-Volynskii Coal Basin) Chervonograd Coal Mine	Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow

USA
Arizona Yuma Co. Yuma District Yuma	Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 43.
California Imperial Co. Niland Mud Volcanoes area	Le Conte, John Lawrence (1855), Account of some volcanic springs in the desert of the Colorado, in southern California: American Journal of Science, 2nd. series: 19: 5; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 326;Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 193.
Inyo Co. Death Valley National Park Death Valley	Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 106; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 326; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 193.
Los Angeles Co. Pacific Palisades Burning Mountain Bernheimer Gardens	Rogers, Austin Flint (1912), Notes on rare minerals from California: Columbia University, School of Mines Quarterly: 33: 373; Clearwater, C.D. (1944), “Burning Canyon”: Palisadian: 16(49): 2; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 326.
Santa Barbara Co. Hope Ranch	Rogers, Austin Flint (1912), Notes on rare minerals from California: Columbia University, School of Mines Quarterly: 33: 373; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 326.; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 193.
Hawaii Hawaii Co. (Hawaii Island) Kilauea Volcano	Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 17.
Kentucky Perry Co. Bulan Hazard No. 7 seam	Stracher, G.B., Finkelman, R.B., Hower, J.C., Pone, J.D.N., Prakash, A., Blake, D.R., Schroeder, P.A., Emsbo-Mattingly, S.D., and O'Keefe, J.M.K. (2009): Natural and anthropogenic coal fires. In: Umran Dogan, A., and Cutler, J. (eds.): Encyclopedia of Earth. Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment, Cleveland (Washington, D.C.)
Ohio Erie Co. Milan Huron River	Dr Pete Richards collection
Huron Co. Monroeville West Branch Huron River Blue Bridge (Lameraux Bridge)	Chris Stefano specimens
Oklahoma Okmulgee Co. Schulter	Rocks & Minerals: 72(4): 252-264.
Tulsa Co. Tulsa Acme Coal mine	Rocks & Min. vol. 72 (1997)
Pennsylvania Columbia Co. Centralia
Schuylkill Co. Shenandoah Kehley's Run Mine	Mineralogy Associated with Burning Anthracite Deposits of Eastern Pennsylvania. D. M. Lapham, J. Barns, W. Downey Jr., R. Finkelman; MRR#78 1980

Venezuela
Bolívar Pedregal city Cerro Pelado Formation	Journal of South American Earth Sciences Volume 27, Issues 2-3, February-March 2009, Pages 211-218

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