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Schoepite

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Big Photo

La Dorgissière Mine, Saint-Amand-sur-Sèvre, Deux-Sèvres, Poitou-Charentes, France
© JM. Johannet

Show Schoepite Photos (46)



Formula:
(UO
 
2
)
 
8
O
 
2
(OH)
 
12
 · 12H
 
2
O
System:OrthorhombicColour:Amber-yellow, ...
Hardness:2½
Member of:Schoepite Group
Name:Named by Thomas Leonard Walker in 1923 in honor of Alfred Schoep (1881-1966) Professor of Mineralogy, University of Ghent, Belgium.


May originate as a dehydration product of ianthinite, and may itself dehydrate to metaschoepite and, subsequently, to paulscherrerite.

Classification of Schoepite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/H.01-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.GA.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
G : Uranyl Hydroxides
A : Without additional cations
Dana 8th edition ID:5.2.1.3

5 : OXIDES CONTAINING URANIUM OR THORIUM
2 : AXO3·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.16.2

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
16 : Oxides of U
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Type Occurrence of Schoepite

Type Locality:Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), Shinkolobwe, Katanga Copper Crescent, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
Year of Discovery:1923
Geological Setting of type material:Oxidized zone of a copper-uranium deposit

Physical Properties of Schoepite

Lustre:Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Amber-yellow, lemon-yellow, or sulphur-yellow
Streak:Yellow
Hardness (Mohs):2½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
{001} perfect; {010} poor
Density (measured):4.8 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.83 g/cm3

Crystallography of Schoepite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Pbca {P21/b 21/c 21/a}
Space Group Setting:Pbca
Cell Parameters:a = 14.33Å, b = 16.79Å, c = 14.73Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.853 : 1 : 0.877
Unit Cell Volume:V 3,544.05 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:32
Morphology:Usually tabular {001}; also equant or short prismatic [001].
Comment:P21ca (non-standard setting); pseudo-Pbca (Finch et al., 1997).
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
7.28 (100)
5.08 (70)
3.66 (10)
3.51 (10)
3.44 (20)
3.22 (10)
2.89 (10)
2.54 (19)
Comments:ICDD 13-407

Optical Data of Schoepite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.690 - 1.700 nβ = 1.714 - 1.720 nγ = 1.735
2V:Measured: 89°
Birefringence:0.04
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.045

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:weak to moderate
Optical Extinction:Parallel
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X = c = Colourless
Y = b = Lemon-yellow
Z = a = Lemon-yellow

Chemical Properties of Schoepite

Formula:
(UO
 
2
)
 
8
O
 
2
(OH)
 
12
 · 12H
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, O, U
All elements listed in formula:H, O, U

Relationship of Schoepite to other Species

Member of:Schoepite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Metaschoepite
UO
 
3
 · 1-2H
 
2
O
Paulscherrerite
UO
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Common Associates:
IanthiniteBecquerelite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.GA.05Metaschoepite
UO
 
3
 · 1-2H
 
2
O
4.GA.05Paraschoepite
UO
 
3
 · 2H
 
2
O
4.GA.05Paulscherrerite
UO
 
2
(OH)
 
2
4.GA.10Ianthinite
U
4+
 
(UO
 
2
)
 
5
O
 
7
 · 10H
 
2
O
4.GA.15Metastudtite
UO
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
4.GA.15Studtite
[(UO
 
2
)(O
 
2
)(H
 
2
O)
 
2
] · H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.16.1Uraninite
UO
 
2
7.16.3Paraschoepite
UO
 
3
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.16.4Metaschoepite
UO
 
3
 · 1-2H
 
2
O
7.16.5Metastudtite
UO
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.16.6Studtite
[(UO
 
2
)(O
 
2
)(H
 
2
O)
 
2
] · H
 
2
O
7.16.7Ianthinite
U
4+
 
(UO
 
2
)
 
5
O
 
7
 · 10H
 
2
O
7.16.8Compreignacite
K
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
6
O
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.16.9Vandenbrandeite
Cu(UO
 
2
)(OH)
 
4
7.16.10Roubaultite
Cu
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
3
(OH)
 
10
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.16.11Becquerelite
Ca(UO
 
2
)
 
6
O
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 8H
 
2
O
7.16.12Rameauite
K
 
2
Ca(UO
 
2
)
 
6
(OH)
 
16
 · H
 
2
O
7.16.13Agrinierite
K
 
2
(Ca,Sr)(UO
 
2
)
 
3
O
 
3
(OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.16.14Protasite
Ba(UO
 
2
)
 
3
O
 
3
(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.16.15Billietite
Ba(UO
 
2
)
 
6
O
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 4-8H
 
2
O
7.16.16Bauranoite
Ba(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
 · 1-2H
 
2
O
7.16.17Metacalciouranoite
(Ca,Ba,Pb,K
 
2
)U
 
2
O
 
7
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.16.18Calciouranoite
(Ca,Ba,Pb)U
 
2
O
 
7
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.16.19Orthobrannerite
U
4+
 
U
6+
 
Ti
 
4
O
 
12
(OH)
 
2
7.16.20Thorutite
(Th,U,Ca)Ti
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
7.16.21Davidite-(La)
(La,Ce)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe)
 
20
(O,OH)
 
38
7.16.22Davidite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe)
 
20
(O,OH)
 
38
7.16.23Brannerite
(U
4+
 
,REE,Th,Ca)(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Nb)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
7.16.24Fourmarierite
Pb(UO
 
2
)
 
4
O
 
3
(OH)
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.16.25Richetite
Pb(UO
 
2
)
 
4
O
 
5
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.16.26Curite
Pb
 
3
(UO
 
2
)
 
8
O
 
8
(OH)
 
6
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.16.27Masuyite
Pb(UO
 
2
)
 
3
O
 
3
(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.16.28Vandendriesscheite
PbU
 
7
O
 
22
 · 12H
 
2
O
7.16.29Metavandendriesscheite
PbU
 
7
O
 
22
 · nH
 
2
O n < 12
7.16.30Sayrite
Pb
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
5
O
 
6
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.16.31Wölsendorfite
(Pb,Ca)U
 
2
O
 
7
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.16.32Clarkeite
(Na,Ca,Pb)(UO
 
2
)O(OH) · 0-1H
 
2
O
7.16.33Uranosphaerite
Bi(UO
 
2
)O
 
2
(OH)

Other Names for Schoepite

Synonyms:
EpiianthiniteEpi-IanthiteSchepite-I
Other Languages:
German:Epiianthinit
Epijanthinit
Schoepit
Russian:Скупит
Spanish:Epiianthinita
Schoepita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Pale green SW and LW
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Schoepite

Reference List:

- +
Walker (1923), American Mineralogist: 8: 67.

Ungemach (1929), Soc. géol. Belgique, Ann. publ. Congo belge 52: C75.

Schoep, A. (1930), Ann. mus. Congo belge: 1(1), no. 2: 18.

Palache, C. (1934), American Mineralogist: 19: 310.

Billiet and de Jong (1935) Natuurw. Tijdschr.: 17: 157.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 627-628.

Schoep, A. & Stradiot, S. (1947): Paraschoepite and epiianthinite, two new uranium minerals from Shinkolobwe (Belgian Congo). American Mineralogist 32, 344-350. [as epiianthinite]

CHRIST, C. L. & CLARK, J. R. (1960): Crystal chemical studies of some uranyl oxide hydrates. Am. Mineral. 45, 1026-1061.

CHRIST, C. L. (1965): Phase transformation and crystal chemistry of schoepite. Am. Mineral. 50, 235-239.

Vochten, R. and L. Van Haverbeke (1990), Transformation of schoepite into the uranyl oxide hydrates: becquerelite, billietite and wölsendorfite: Mineralogy and Petrology: 43: 65-72.

Finch, R.J., M. Cooper, F.C. Hawthorne, and R.C. Ewing (1996), The crystal structure of schoepite: Canadian Mineralogist: 34: 1071-1088.

Sowder, A.G., S.B. Clark, and R.A. Fjeld (1996), The effect of silica and phosphate on the transformation of schoepite to becquerelite and other uranyl phases: Radiochimica Acta: 74: 45-49.

Finch, R. J., Hawthorne, F. C., Miller, M. L. & Ewing, R. C. (1997): Distinguishing among schoepite, [(UO2)8O2(OH)12](H2O)12, and related minerals by X-ray powder diffraction. Powder Diffraction 12, 230-238.

Finch, R.J. and F.C. Hawthorne (1998), Structural relations among schoepite, metaschoepite and "dehydrated schoepite." Canadian Mineralogist: 36: 831-845.

Weller, M.T., Light, M.E., Gelbrich, T. (2000): Structure of uranium(VI) oxide dihydrate, UO3.2H2O; synthetic meta-schoepite (UO2)4O(OH)6.5H2O. Acta Crystallogr., B56, 577-583. [comparison with schoepite]

Burns, P.C. (2005) U 6+ minerals and inorganic compounds: insights into an expanded structural hierarchy of crystal structures. Canadian Mineralogist: 43: 1839-1894.

Jang, Je-Hun; Dempsey, Brian A.; Burgos, William D. (2006): Solubility of schoepite: Comparison and selection of complexation constants for U(VI). Water Research 40, 2738-2746.

Internet Links for Schoepite

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    • External Links:
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  • Look for Schoepite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Schoepite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Schoepite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Córdoba
      • Punilla Department
        • Tanti
          • Cerro Blanco pegmatite district
    		Mr. Nelson Valenzuela.
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Arkaroola Region (Arkaroola Station)
            • Mt Painter area
    		2003, Brugger, J., Ansermet, S. & Pring, A. ' Uranium minerals from Mt Painter, Northern Flinders ranges, South Australia' Australian Journal of Mineralogy, vol. 9, n°1, pp 15-31
    • Tasmania
      • Rossarden district
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    Canada
     
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
    		L. I. Cowan (1962): Cuprosklodowskite, kasolite and schoepite from Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada. Can. Mineral. 7, 331-332.
    • Nova Scotia
      • Cumberland Co.
    		A.K. Chatterjee, "Uranium Mineralization at McLean Point, Cumberland County", Nova Scotia Dept. Mines Report 77-1, 1977.
    China
     
    • Guangdong Province
      • Shaoguan Prefecture
        • Wengyuan Co.
    		Long Lu, Fanrong Chen, and Rucheng Wang (2006): Geological Review 71(4), 562-569
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Příbram
          • Háje
    		Plášil, J. et al.: Supergenní mineralizace z haldy šachty č. 16 Příbram - Háje. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2008, vol. 16, 1, 43-55.
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
      • Ústí Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Klášterec nad Ohří
            • Medenec
    		- Hyrsl, J. & Korbel, P. (2009): Tschechien & Slowakei, Mineralien und Fundstellen. Page 60-75.
    No reference listed
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
      • Katanga Copper Crescent
        • Kolwezi District
          • Kamoto
          • Kolwezi
    		No reference listed
    Rob Lavinsky specimen
        • Shinkolobwe
    		Am Min 50 (1965), 235; Can Min 34 (1996), 1071
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Puy-Guillaume
          • Lachaux
    		Le Règne Minéral, Hors Série IV, 1998
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Hérault
        • Lodève
    		Le Règne Minéral, Hors Série IV (1998)
    [Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 1998, 2, p.13-26]
    [Le Règne Minéral 1997, 13, p.5-18]
    Le Règne Minéral, Hors Série IV (1998)
    • Limousin
      • Corrèze
        • Davignac
    		Patrice Queneau Collection
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Compreignac
    		Le Règne Minéral, Hors Série IV, 1998
    Le Règne Minéral, Hors Série IV (1998)
    • Poitou-Charentes
      • Deux-Sèvres
        • La Chapelle Largeau
    		Le Cahier des micromonteurs, 2002, N°75, pp 8-25
        • Saint-Amand-sur-Sèvre
    		Le Cahier des micromonteurs, 2002, N°75, pp 8-25
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Loire
        • Saint-Just-en-Chevalet
          • Saint-Priest-la-Prugne
    		Le Règne Minéral, Hors Série IV, 1998
    J.-J. Périchaud: "Où trouver les minéraux d'Auvergne", Vol. 1, Editions l'Instant Durable (Clermont-Ferrand), 1985, p. 92
    Gabon
     
    • Haut-Ogooué Province
      • Franceville
    		Janusz Janeczek (1999) Mineralogy and geochemistry of natural fission reactors in Gabon. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, MSA, v. 38, p. 321-392
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Baden-Baden
          • Müllenbach U deposit
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Menzenschwand
    		Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German)
    • Bavaria
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Schwandorf
          • Wölsendorf Fluorite mining District
            • Wölsendorf East District (Wölsendorf - Nabburg District)
    		No reference listed
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Hunsrück
        • Birkenfeld
          • Ellweiler
    		Aufschluss 69/(7+8), Lapis 79/(7+8)
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
    		Lapis 30(7/8):78-80 (2005)
    Hungary
     
    • Baranya Co.
      • Mecsek Mts.
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: minerals of hungary, 1995
    Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Bergamo Province
        • Seriana Valley
          • Valgoglio
    		Daniele Ravagnani - I giacimenti uraniferi italiani - Gruppo Min. Lombardo - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milani, 1974
      • Sondrio Province
        • Novate Mezzola
          • Codera Valley
    		De Michele V., Zezza U. (1979) - Le pegmatidi dell'alta Val codera (Sondrio) nell'area di Punta trubinasca - Atti Soc. Ital. Sc. nat., Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Vol. 120, n. 1-2, pp. 180-194
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Roburent
          • San Giacomo
            • I Cardin
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): MInerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo " F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Antrona Valley
            • Montescheno
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Capoterra
    		luigi chiapino
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Condino
    		Campostrini, I., Demartin, F., & Gramaccioli, C. M. (2006). Rio Giulis. Minerali secondari del giacimento uranifero presso Condino, Trento. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30(3), 152-165.
        • Daone
          • Limes
    		Campostrini, I., Demartin, F., Gramaccioli, C.M. (2005): Val Daone. Minerali secondari del giacimento uranifero presso Limes, Daone (TN). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2005, 228-240.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
    		Akira Kato (1973) Sakurai Koubutsu Hyohon, 34.
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aldama
        • Peña Blanca District
          • Sierra Peña Blanca
    		http://www.swri.org/4org/d20/ghs/PBlanca/mineral.html
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Buller River
    		Christie & Brathwaite, (2000) NZ Mineral Commodity Report 19 - Beryllium, Gallium, Lithium, Magnesium, Uranium and Zirconium
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Evje og Hornnes
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 89
    Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 89
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
          • Krasnokamensk
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • Stavropol'skiy Kray
        • Pyatigorsk
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Bregaglia Valley (Bergell)
        • Albigna Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 364.
    Tajikistan
     
    • Viloyati Sogd (Viloyati Sughd; Viloyati Khodzhent; Viloyati Leninabad)
      • Khodzhent (Leninabad)
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Kirkcudbrightshire)
        • Dalbeattie
    		Livingstone, 2002, p. 182
        • Needle's Eye
    		BMS Database; R. S. W. Braithwaite and J. R. Knight (1990) Rare Minerals, Including Several New to Britain, in Supergene Alteration of U-Cu-As-Bi-Co Mineralisation Near Dalbeattie, South Scotland. Mineralogical Magazine 54:129-131.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Apache Co.
        • Navajo Indian Reservation
          • Monument Valley
            • Monument No. 2 channel
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 364; Frondel, C. (1956), Mineral composition of gummite, Am.Min.: 41: 539-568; Frondel, C. (1958), Systematic mineralogy of uranium and thorium, USGS Bull. 1064: 78.
      • Coconino Co.
        • Cameron District
    		No reference listed
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 364; Austin, S.R. (1964), Mineralogy of the Cameron area, Coconino Co., AZ, US Atomic Energy Comm. RME 99, Tech. Inf. Serv., Oak Ridge, TN: 99.
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Bradshaw Mts (Bradshaw Range)
          • Castle Creek District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 364; Granger, H.C. & R.B. Raup (1962), Recon. Study of Uranium deposits in AZ, USGS Bull. 1147-A: A44-A46.
    • Colorado
      • Fremont Co.
        • Devils Hole Area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Gunnison Co.
        • Marshall Pass District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Mesa Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Moffat Co.
        • Maybell District
          • Maybell Mines
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Park Co.
        • Lake George (Badger Flats) Area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Saguache Co.
        • Marshall Pass District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.; Am Min 50:909-923; Am Min 50:909-923
    • Maine
      • Androscoggin Co.
        • Poland
    		King, V. T. and Foord, E. E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, Descriptive Mineralogy, volume 1, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, USA, pp. 418 + 88 plates.
      • Oxford Co.
        • Albany
    		King, V. (ed), 2009, Maine Feldspar, Families, and Feuds.
    King, V. (ed.), 2009, Maine feldspar, Families, and Feuds
        • Buckfield
    		Fred Davis discovery specimen and photograph
        • Newry
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, volume 1 and 2, with updates by Van King.
    King, V. T., 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, ... Maine, Mineral News, v. 22(6): p. 1-3.
    King, V. T., 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, ... Maine, Mineral News, v. 22(6): p. 1-3.
        • Peru
    		King and Foord, 2000, Addenda to Volume 1, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 2.
      • Sagadahoc Co.
        • Topsham
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1.; King and Foord, 2000, Addenda to Volume 1, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 2.
    • New Hampshire
      • Grafton Co.
        • Grafton
    		Clifford Frondel (1956) Mineral Composition of Gummite, American Mineralogist 41:539-568.
        • Groton
    		Whitmore & Lawrence, 2004. The Pegmatite Mines Known As Palermo, p.95.
      • Sullivan Co.
        • Acworth
    		Januzzi, R.E. and Seaman, David M. (1976) Mineral Localities Of Connecticut and Southern New York State and Pegmatite Minerals of the World.
    • New Mexico
      • Cibola Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
    NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    • North Carolina
    		Foord,Eugene E.,Korzeb,Stanley L.,Litchte,Frederick E and Fitzpatrick,John J. (1997) Additional studies On Mixed Uranyl Oxide-Hydroxide Hydrate Alteration Products Of Uraninite From The Palermo And Ruggles Granitic Pegmatites,Grafton County,New Hampshire, The Canadian Mineralogist Vol.35 pp.145-151 (1997) pg.146,147,151.
    • Texas
      • Karnes Co.
    		Smith, A.E. (1991), Texas Mineral Locations Index, Rocks & Min.: 66(3).
    • Utah
      • Emery Co.
        • San Rafael District (San Rafael Swell)
          • Delta
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah; Page, L. R.; Stocking, H. E.; Smith, H. B. (1956) Contributions to the geology of uranium and thorium by the United States Geological Survey and Atomic Energy Commission for the United Nations International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, Switzerland, 1955. USGS Professional Paper 300 pp263-279
          • Green Vein Mesa
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • San Juan Co.
        • White Canyon District
          • Red Canyon
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
          • White Canyon
            • Copper Point
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah; USGS TEI #514; Page, L. R.; Stocking, H. E.; Smith, H. B. (1956) Contributions to the geology of uranium and thorium by the United States Geological Survey and Atomic Energy Commission for the United Nations International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, Switzerland, 1955. USGS Professional Paper 300 pp263-279
    Min News 16:1 p1
          • Woodenshoe Buttes
            • The Toe
              • Deer Flat
    		Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah. Utah Department fo Natural Resources Bulletin 117. Jan. 1981
      • Wayne Co.
        • Fremont District
          • Fruita
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Wyoming
      • Fremont Co.
        • Gas Hills District
    		Am Min 51:1567-1578
    Uzbekistan
     
    • Namangan Viloyati
      • Chatkal-Kuraminskii Range
        • Pap
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