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Schultenite

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Gifford Ridge, North Bend, King Co., Washington, USA
© Van King

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Formula:
Pb(HAsO
 
4
)
System:MonoclinicColour:Colourless; colourless ...
Hardness:2½
Name:Named after August Benjamin de Schulten (1856-1912) Professor of Chemistry at Helsingfors, Finland and Paris, France.


See also Unnamed (P-analogue of Schultenite).

Classification of Schultenite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/A.13-10
Strunz 9th edition ID:8.AD.30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.AD.30

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
Dana 7th edition ID:37.1.2.1
Dana 8th edition ID:37.1.2.1

37 : ANHYDROUS ACID PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES AND VANADATES
1 : Miscellaneous
Hey's CIM Ref.:20.5.2

20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
5 : Arsenates of Ti and Pb
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Type Occurrence of Schultenite

Type Locality:Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Namibia
Year of Discovery:1926
Geological Setting of type material:Found in the oxidized zones of lead deposits.
Associated Minerals at type locality:
BayldoniteAnglesite

Physical Properties of Schultenite

Lustre:Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Comment:Brilliant
Colour:Colourless; colourless in transmitted light
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):2½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
On {010}, good.
Density (measured):5.943 - 6.08 g/cm3
Density (calculated):6.041 g/cm3
Comment:6.05 to 6.07 (artificial material)

Crystallography of Schultenite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P2/b {P1 1 2/b} {P2/c} {P1 2/c 1}{P2/a}
Space Group Setting:P2/a
Cell Parameters:a = 5.842Å, b = 6.758Å, c = 4.858Å
β = 95.4°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.864 : 1 : 0.719
Unit Cell Volume:V 190.94 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Crystals flattened {010}; commonly rhomboidal and resembling gypsum. {010} striated [001], {001} striated [100].
Twinning:Fishtail twins observed
Comment:Ranges: a 5.820 b 6.743 c4.847, beta 95.34-95.9

Optical Data of Schultenite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.890 nβ = 1.910 nγ = 1.976
2V:Measured: 58° , Calculated: 60°
Birefringence:0.086
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.086

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:strong
Optical Extinction:X=b, Y ^ c = -24 degrees, AZ ^ c = 66 degrees.

Chemical Properties of Schultenite

Formula:
Pb(HAsO
 
4
)
Essential elements:As, H, O, Pb
All elements listed in formula:As, H, O, Pb

Relationship of Schultenite to other Species

Common Associates:
QuartzGalenaAnglesiteTennantite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.AD.05Nahpoite
Na
 
2
HPO
 
4
8.AD.10Monetite
Ca(HPO
 
4
)
8.AD.10Weilite
Ca(HAsO
 
4
)
8.AD.10Švenekite
Ca(H
 
2
AsO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AD.15Archerite
(K,NH
 
4
)(H
 
2
PO
 
4
)
8.AD.15Biphosphammite
(NH
 
4
,K)(H
 
2
PO
 
4
)
8.AD.20Phosphammite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
(HPO
 
4
)
8.AD.25Buchwaldite
NaCa(PO
 
4
)
8.AD.35Chernovite-(Y)
Y(AsO
 
4
)
8.AD.35Dreyerite
Bi(VO
 
4
)
8.AD.35Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Ce(VO
 
4
)
8.AD.35Wakefieldite-(Y)
Y(VO
 
4
)
8.AD.35Xenotime-(Y)
Y(PO
 
4
)
8.AD.35Pretulite
Sc(PO
 
4
)
8.AD.35Xenotime-(Yb)
(Yb,Y,HREE)(PO
 
4
)
8.AD.35Wakefieldite-(La)
La(VO
 
4
)
8.AD.40Pucherite
Bi(VO
 
4
)
8.AD.45Ximengite
Bi(PO
 
4
)
8.AD.50Gasparite-(Ce)
(Ce,REE)(AsO
 
4
)
8.AD.50Monazite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Nd,Th)(PO
 
4
)
8.AD.50Monazite-(La)
(La,Ce,Nd)(PO
 
4
)
8.AD.50Monazite-(Nd)
(Nd,La,Ce)(PO
 
4
)
8.AD.50Rooseveltite
Bi(AsO
 
4
)
8.AD.50Cheralite
(Ca,Ce)(Th,Ce)(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AD.50Monazite-(Sm)
(Sm,Gd,Ce,Th)(PO
 
4
)
8.AD.50UM2005-35-VO:CaFePSiTh
(Th,Ca)(VO
 
4
,SiO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
8.AD.55Tetrarooseveltite
Bi(AsO
 
4
)
8.AD.60Chursinite
(Hg
+
2
)
 
0.5
Hg
2+
 
(AsO
 
4
)
8.AD.65Clinobisvanite
Bi(VO
 
4
)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
20.5.1Cafarsite
Ca
 
8
(Ti,Fe,Fe,Mn)
 
6-7
(AsO
 
3
)
 
12
 · 4H
 
2
O
20.5.3Duftite
PbCu(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
20.5.4Bayldonite
PbCu
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
20.5.5Philipsbornite
PbAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
20.5.6Arsendescloizite
PbZn(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
20.5.7Helmutwinklerite
Pb(Zn,Cu)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
20.5.8Thometzekite
Pb(Cu,Zn)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2(H
 
2
O,OH)
20.5.9Caryinite
(Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)(Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Mn
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
20.5.10Ludlockite
PbFe
3+
4
As
3+
10
O
 
22
20.5.11Gabrielsonite
PbFe(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
20.5.12Carminite
PbFe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
20.5.13Segnitite
PbFe
3+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
6
20.5.14Tsumcorite
Pb(Zn,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2(H
 
2
O,OH)
20.5.15Jamesite
Pb
 
2
Zn(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)
 
2
Fe
3+
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
10
20.5.16Mawbyite
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Zn)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2(OH,H
 
2
O)
20.5.17Arsenbrackenbuschite

Other Names for Schultenite

Other Languages:
German:Schultenit
Russian:Шультенит
Spanish:Schultenita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Dull yellow in LW UV
Other Information:Pseudomorphically replaced by anglesite at Tsumeb (?).
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:Insecticide

References for Schultenite

Reference List:

- +
de Schulten (1904) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 27: 113.

Groth, P. (1908) Chemische Krystallographie. Leipzig. 5 volumes: vol. 2: 822.

McDonald and Smith (1916) Journal of the American Chemical Society: 38: 2030.

Spencer, L. J. and Mountain, E. D. (1926): Schultenite, a new mineral from South-West Africa. Mineralogical Magazine: 21: 149-155.

American Mineralogist (1927): 12: 296.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 661-663.

Embrey, P. G. & Hicks, R. P. (1977): Schultenite, from Tsumeb: a note on its morphology. Mineralogical Record: 8: 98-99.

American Mineralogist, 1978, v. 63, p. 213.

Falls, R., Cannon, B. & Mandarino, J. A. (1985): Schultenite from King County, Washington, USA; a second occurrence, and review. Mineralogical Magazine: 49: 65-69.

Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen (1986): 35: 157-166.

Mineralogical Magazine, 1988, v. 52, p. 675.

Internet Links for Schultenite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Schultenite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Schultenite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Karawanken Mts
        • Finkenstein
          • Mallestiger Mittagskogel Mt.
    		[Der Aufschluss 1996,4 p.186-192]; U. Kolitsch (SXRD-analysis)
    • Styria
      • Birkfeld
        • Gasen
    		Bojar, H.-P. (1993)
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Horní Slavkov (Schlaggenwald)
    		Plašil J, Sejkora J, Ondruš P, Veselovský F, Beran P, Goliáš V (2006): Supergene minerals in the Horní Slavkov uranium ore district, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 149-158.
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    France
     
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Var
        • Le Pradet
    		http://www.mine-capgaronne.fr/site/Mineraux/ListeMineraux.html
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Lahr
          • Reichenbach
            • Weiler
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Münstertal
          • Hof
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Schramberg
          • Falkenstein valley
    		No reference listed
        • Todtnau
    		http://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/Deutschland/Baden-W%FCrttemberg/Schwarzwald/Todtnau/Lisb%FChl
    Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		No reference listed
        • St Andreasberg District
          • St Andreasberg
    		No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Meschede
    		Schnorrer-Köhler, G., (1990): Ramsbeck - Neue Minerale aus dem ehemaligen Blei-Zink-Erzrevier des Sauerlandes, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 41 (4), 211-218
      • Siegerland
        • Müsen
    		Der Aufschluss 2000(2), 71-123
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Lahn valley
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
          • Frücht
    		Der Aufschluss Vol.55, March/April 2004
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
              • Hilarion area
    		No reference listed
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
    		No reference listed
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Varese Province
        • Boarezzo
    		Orlandi, P., & Campostrini, I., 2006. Boarezzo. I minerali della ricerca mineraria "Pradisci". Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30 (1), 14-24.
    • Sardinia
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Gonnosfanadiga
          • Fenugu Sibiri Mine
    		Brizzi, G., Olmi, F., Sabelli, C. (1994): Gli arseniati di Pira Inferida, Gonnofanadiga (CA). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/1994, 193-206.
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		Mineralogical Magazine (1926): 21: 149-155; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 663; Rocks & Minerals: 62: 440.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
    		Symes, R. F., Wirth, M. & Young, B. (1990): Schultenite from Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria: the first British occurrence. Mineralogical Magazine 55, 659.
    No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Yukon-Koyukuk Borough
        • Kaiyuh District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • Washington
      • King Co.
        • North Bend
    		Falls, R., Cannon, B. & Mandarino, J. A. (1985): Schultenite from King County, Washington, USA; a second occurrence, and review. Mineralogical Magazine 49, 65-69.
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    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2011. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them. Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. Mindat does not offer minerals for sale. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register.
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