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Scorzalite

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Charles Davis Mine, Groton, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, USA
© Scott Whittemore

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Formula:
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:Dark azure blue, ...
Hardness:6
Member of:Lazulite Group
Name:For Brazilian mineralogist, Evaristo Penna Scorza (1899-1969).


Lazulite Group. Lazulite-Scorzalite Series. The Fe2+ analogue of Lazulite.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Scorzalite. Currently in public beta-test.

Classification of Scorzalite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/B.08-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.BB.40

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
Dana 8th edition ID:41.10.1.2

41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
10 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.14.30

19 : Phosphates
14 : Phosphates of Fe and other metals
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Type Occurrence of Scorzalite

Type Locality:Córrego Frio mine, Linópolis, Divino das Laranjeiras, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Natural History Museum London 1965,207
Year of Discovery:1947

Occurrences of Scorzalite

Geological Setting:Secondary mineral in complex zoned granitic pegmatites.

Physical Properties of Scorzalite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Dark azure blue, green-blue, blue-green
Streak:White to light blue
Hardness (Mohs):6
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Good on {110}
Indistinct on {101}
Density (measured):3.33 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.32 g/cm3

Crystallography of Scorzalite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/b {P1 1 21/b} {P21/c} {P1 21/c 1} {P21/a}
Cell Parameters:a = 7.15Å, b = 7.31Å, c = 7.25Å
β = 120.58°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.978 : 1 : 0.992
Unit Cell Volume:V 326.23 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Crystals dipyramidal.

Optical Data of Scorzalite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.626 - 1.645 nβ = 1.654 - 1.674 nγ = 1.663 - 1.680
2V:Measured: 62° , Calculated: 58° to 68°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.037

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r < v perceptible
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X= colorless
Y=Z= blue

Chemical Properties of Scorzalite

Formula:
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Essential elements:Al, Fe, H, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Al, Fe, H, O, P

Relationship of Scorzalite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Lazulite (see here)
Member of:Lazulite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Barbosalite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Hentschelite
CuFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Lazulite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Wilhelmkleinite
ZnFe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Common Associates:
SillimaniteRutileQuartzPyrophylliteMuscovite
KyaniteGarnet Structural GroupDumortieriteCorundumAndalusite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.BB.05Amblygonite
LiAl(PO
 
4
)F
8.BB.05Montebrasite
LiAl(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.05Tavorite
LiFe
3+
 
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.10Triplite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(F,OH)
8.BB.10Zwieselite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)F
8.BB.15Sarkinite
Mn
2+
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.15Triploidite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.15Wagnerite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)F
8.BB.15Wolfeite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.15Stanĕkite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Fe
3+
 
(PO
 
4
)O
8.BB.15Joosteite
Mn
2+
 
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)(PO
 
4
)O
8.BB.15Hydroxylwagnerite
Mg
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.20Holtedahlite
Mg
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.20Satterlyite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH,O)
8.BB.25Althausite
Mg
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH,F)
8.BB.30Adamite
Zn
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.30Eveite
Mn
2+
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.30Libethenite
Cu
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.30Olivenite
Cu
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.30Zincolibethenite
CuZn(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.30Zincolivenite
CuZn(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.30Auriacusite
Fe
3+
 
Cu
2+
 
(AsO
 
4
)O
8.BB.35Paradamite
Zn
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.35Tarbuttite
Zn
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.40Barbosalite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BB.40Hentschelite
CuFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BB.40Lazulite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BB.40Wilhelmkleinite
ZnFe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BB.45Trolleite
Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
8.BB.50Namibite
Cu(BiO)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BB.55Phosphoellenbergerite
Mg
 
14
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(HPO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BB.60Urusovite
CuAl(AsO
 
4
)O
8.BB.65Theoparacelsite
Cu
 
3
(As
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
8.BB.70Turanite
Cu
 
5
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
8.BB.75Stoiberite
Cu
 
5
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
8.BB.80Fingerite
Cu
 
11
(VO
 
4
)
 
6
O
 
2
8.BB.85Averievite
Cu
 
6
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
Cl
 
2
8.BB.90Lipscombite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BB.90Richellite
CaFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
8.BB.90Zinclipscombite
ZnFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
19.14.1Cyrilovite
NaFe
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.14.2Kidwellite
NaFe
3+
9
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(OH)
 
11
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.14.3Rosemaryite
(Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe
2+
 
)(Fe
3+
 
,Mg)Al(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.14.4Wyllieite
(Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.14.5Ferrowyllieite
(Na,Ca,Mn)(Fe,Mn)(Fe,Fe,Mg)Al(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.14.6Natrodufrénite
NaFe
2+
 
Fe
3+5(PO4)4(OH)6.2H2O
 
19.14.7Leucophosphite
KFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
19.14.8Spheniscidite
(NH
 
4
,K)(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
19.14.9Burangaite
NaFe
2+
 
Al
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.14.10Satterlyite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH,O)
19.14.11Ushkovite
MgFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.14.12Garyansellite
(Mg,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,O) · 1.5H
 
2
O
19.14.13Thadeuite
Ca(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
19.14.14Anapaite
Ca
 
2
Fe
2+
 
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
19.14.15Xanthoxenite
Ca
 
4
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.14.16Calcioferrite
Ca
 
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH) · 7H
 
2
O
19.14.17Mitridatite
Ca
 
2
Fe
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
O
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.14.18Mélonjosephite
CaFe
2+
 
Fe
3+
 
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
19.14.19Delvauxite
CaFe
 
4
(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
8
 · 4-6H
 
2
O not confirmed ·
19.14.20Collinsite
Ca
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.14.21Segelerite
Ca
 
2
 Mg
 
2
 Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.14.22Kingsmountite
Ca
 
4
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(OH)
 
4
 · 12H
 
2
O
19.14.23Vauxite
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
19.14.24Metavauxite
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.14.25Paravauxite
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.14.26Sigloite
Fe
3+
 
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
3
 · 7H
 
2
O
19.14.27Cacoxenite
Fe
3+
24
Al(PO
 
4
)
 
17
O
 
6
(OH)
 
12
 · 17H
 
2
O
19.14.28Koninckite
Fe
3+
 
PO
 
4
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.14.29Lazulite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
19.14.31Souzalite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.14.32Gormanite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.14.33Zaïrite
Bi(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6

Other Names for Scorzalite

Other Languages:
German:Scorzalit
Russian:Скорцалит
Simplified Chinese:多铁天蓝石
Spanish:Scorzalita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Scorzalite

Reference List:

- +
Pecora, W.T. and Fahey, J.J. (1949) The Corrego Frio pegmatite, Minas Gerais: Scorzalite and souzalite, two new phosphate minerals. American Mineralogist: 34: 83-93.

American Mineralogist (1949): 34: 685-687.

Pecora, W.T. and Fahey, J.J. (1950) The lazulite-scorzalite isomorphous series. American Mineralogist: 35: 1-18.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 908-911.

Journal of the Mineral Society of Japan (1980): 14: 285.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2000) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume IV. Arsenates, Phosphates, Vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 680pp.: 532.

Internet Links for Scorzalite

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    • Localities for Scorzalite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Nuristan Province (Nurestan Province; Nooristan Province; Nuristan)
      • Bargi Matal District
        • Pachigram pegmatite field (Pachighram)
    		Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110
    Australia
     
    • Queensland
      • North Burnett Region
    		Duggan, et al., Can. Min. 28,125-131(1990)
    • Victoria
      • East Gippsland Shire
        • Omeo
          • Mt Wills Mining District
            • Glen Wills
    		Personally collected by Ryan Eagle in 2009
    Museum Victoria Natural Sciences Collection
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Millstatt lake ridge
        • Spittal
          • Millstatt lake
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    Bolivia
     
    • Potosí Department
      • Cornelio Saavedra Province
        • Machacamarca District (Colavi District)
    		Brian Kosnar specimen (checked by PXRD)
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Doce valley
        • Divino das Laranjeiras
          • Linópolis
    		American Mineralogist (1948): 33: 205; Mineralogical Record: 14: 233.
        • Mendes Pimentel
    		Atencio, D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Mascarenhas, Y.P., Ellena, J. (2006): Matioliite, the Mg-analog of burangaite, from Gentil mine, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 91, 1932-1936.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Aš (Asch)
    		Breiter K., Škoda R., Veselovský F.: Neobvyklý P-, Li- a Sn-bohatý pegmatit z Vernéřova u Aše, Česká republika. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2009, roč. 17, č. 1, s. 41-59.
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
    		Jan Hloušek
      • Plzeň Region
        • Poběžovice (Ronsperg; Ronsberg; Ronsperk)
          • Otov
    		Masau, M., Staněk, J., Černý, P., Chapman, R. (2000). Metasomatic wolfeite and associated phosphates from the Otov I granitic pegmatite, western Bohemia. J. Czech Geol. Soc. 45, 159-173.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Žďár nad Sázavou
    		Staněk, J.: Parageneze minerálů pegmatitových žil z Hatí u Dolních Borů na západní Moravě. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. nat., vol. 76, pages 19-49.
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Allier
        • Ébreuil
          • Échassières
    		Econ Geol (1995) 90:548-576
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Gifu Prefecture
          • Nakatsugawa City
      • Chugoku Region
        • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    		Matsubara, S. & A. Kato: Phosphates from the Hinomaru-Nako mine, Abu-cho, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Western Japan: Mem.Natn.Sci.Mus., Tokyo, 30,167-183(1998); Mineralogical Journal Vol. 21 (1999) , No. 4 pp 145-150
      • Kanto Region
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Kasumigaura City
            • Chiyoda-machi
    		Matsubara, S. & Kato, A. (1980) Koubutsugaku Zasshi, 14, 269-286.
    Morocco
     
    • Marrakech-Tensift-El Haouz Region
      • El Kelaâ des Sraghna Province
        • Sidi Bou Othmane
    		Favreau, G. (2012): Deux pegmatites à phosphates de Sidi Bou Othmane (Maroc). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 3-2012, 71-109.
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
    		FRANSOLET, A.-M. (1975) On scorzalite from the Angarf-Sud pegmatite, Zenaga Plain, Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Fortschr. Miner., 52, 285-291
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Karibib District
        • Usakos
    		Von Bezing, L., Bode, R., and Jahn, S., (2008) Namibia Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern. 409 (in English).
    Portugal
     
    • Bragança District
      • Torre de Moncorvo
        • Felgar
    Pedro Alves collection
    • Guarda District
      • Sabugal
        • Bendada
    		Schnorrer-Köhler (1991), Mineral Occurrences.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic
          • Dzhida Basin
    		American Mineralogist (2001) 86:200
    Rwanda
     
    • Western Province
      • Gatumba District
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. IV; Daltry, V.D.C. and O. von Knorring (1998) Type-Mineralogy of Rwanda with Particular Reference to the Buranga Pegmatite. Geologica Belgica 1:1-9
    Fransolet, Andre-Mathieu, 1989, The Problem of Na-Li Substitution in Primary Li-Al Phosphates: New Data on Lacroixite, a Relatively Widespread Mineral, Canadian Mineralogist, v. 27, p. 211-217.
    F. Hatert, P. Lefèvre, A.M. Fransolet, M.R. Spirlet, F. Fontan, P. Keller : "Ferrorosemaryite, []NaFe2+Fe3+Al(PO4)3, a new phosphate mineral from the Rubindi pegmatite, Rwanda", Bull. Liaison S.F.M.C., Vol. 16, 2004, pp 44-45.
    Spain
     
    • Catalonia
      • Girona (Gerona)
        • Alt Empordà
          • Cadaqués
    		Bareche, E. (2005) "Els minerals de Catalunya. Segle XX" Ed. Museu Mollfulleda de Mineralogia - Grup Mineralògic Català, 269 p.
    Sweden
     
    • Södermanland
      • Norrö
    		Gustafsson, Lars & Otter, Bertil (1991): Mineralförekomster i Stockholmstrakten.Del 2. STEIN 18(4),4-12
    • Uppland
      • Sigtuna
        • Arlanda
    		No reference listed
    • Värmland
      • Torsby
    		Henriques, Å. (1956): An iron-rich scorzalite from Hållsjöberget (Horrsjöberget), Sweden. Arkiv för Mineralogi og Geologi 2 (3): 127-131.
    • Västergötland
      • Tidaholm
    Switzerland
     
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Lago Maggiore
        • Brissago
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 252.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		Rob Bowell, lab tested
      • Yavapai Co.
    		AmMin 67: 97-113 (1982)
    • California
      • Imperial Co.
        • Cargo Muchacho Mts
          • Cargo Muchacho District (Hedges District; Ogilby District)
            • Obregon
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 310.
      • Inyo Co.
        • White Mts
          • Laws
            • White Mountain
    		Gross, E.B. and Parwel, A. (1968) Rutile mineralization at the White Mountain andalusite deposit, California. Arkiv för Mineralogie och Geologi 4, No. 29: 493-497; Sinkankas, J. (1976) Gemstones of North America II. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York: 256; Wise, W. S. (1977): Mineralogy of the Champion mine White Mountains, California. Mineralogical Record 8, 480, 484-485; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 311.
    Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 333.
      • Madera Co.
        • Ritter Range
    		Smerud, Sara K. & Wm. H. McDonald (1956), Scorzalite and lazulite: Gems & Minerals, No. 224: 20-21, 86, May, 1956: 20; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 333.
    • Colorado
      • Larimer Co.
        • Glendevey
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
        • Haddam
          • Haddam Neck
    		Schooner, Richard. (circa 1980s), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut mineralogy.
    • Maine
      • Oxford Co.
        • Albany
    		King, V. T., 2009, Maine Feldspar, Families, and Feuds, book in press.
        • Newry
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2.
    King, V. T., 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, ... Maine, Mineral News, v. 22(6): p. 1-3.
    King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1.
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1; King, V, 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, Oxford County, Maine, Mineral News, v. 22 (6), p. 1-3.
        • Rumford
    		Scott Soucey and Tim Blake specimen
    • New Hampshire
      • Grafton Co.
        • Alexandria
    		No reference listed
        • Groton
    		Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index
    No reference listed
    Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols; Am. Min. 50 (1965), 713-717; Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130; NIZAMOFF, James W., SIMMONS, William B., and FALSTER, Alexander U. (2004) PHOSPHATE MINERALOGY AND PARAGENESIS OF THE PALERMO #2 PEGMATITE, NORTH GROTON, NEW HAMPSHIRE Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 36, No. 5, p. 115
    Whitmore & Lawrence, 2004: The Pegmatite Mines Known As Palermo, p.96.
    Rocks & Min., May 1999.; Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 36, No. 5, p. 115
    No reference listed
      • Sullivan Co.
        • Newport
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols; Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index
    • New York
      • St. Lawrence Co.
        • Star Lake
          • Benson
    		Marian Lupulescu, D. Bailey, and Mike Hawkins (2010) Mineralogy of the Benson Mines Proterozoic iron deposit, Star Lake, St. Lawrence County, NY. The 37th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, April 15-18, 2010
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Custer
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 911; Rocks & Minerals (2000): 75(3): 156-169.
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
          • Keystone
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
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