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Sepiolite

Big Photo

Quincy-sur-Cher, Bourges, Cher, Centre, France
© 2005 M. Kampf

Show Sepiolite Photos (4)
Formula:
Mg
 
4
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
2
·6H
 
2
O
System:OrthorhombicColour:White, light gray or ...
Hardness:2
Name:Named from the Greek, "sepion," cuttle-fish bone, because of its low density and porous, bone like appearance.


Sepiolite Group.
The Mg analogue of Falcondoite.

May be confused with palygorskite.

Classification of Sepiolite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/H.33-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.EE.25

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands
Dana 8th edition ID:74.3.1b.1

74 : PHYLLOSILICATES Modulated Layers
3 : Modulated Layers with joined strips
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.4.11

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
4 : Silicates of Mg
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Type Occurrence of Sepiolite

Type Locality:Bettolino, Baldissero Canavese, Canavese District, Torino Province, Piedmont, Italy
Year of Discovery:1847

Physical Properties of Sepiolite

Lustre:Dull, Earthy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:White, light gray or light yellow.
Hardness (Mohs):2

Crystallography of Sepiolite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:a = 5.21Å, b = 26.73Å, c = 13.5Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.195 : 1 : 0.505
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,880.05 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
12.8 (100)
4.53 (35)
4.29 (35)
3.77 (20)
3.35 (30vb)
2.58 (45)

Optical Data of Sepiolite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.520 nβ = 1.520 nγ = 1.530
2V:Measured: 20° to 70°, Calculated: 18°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.010

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Low
Dispersion:none

Chemical Properties of Sepiolite

Formula:
Mg
 
4
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
2
·6H
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, Mg, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:H, Mg, O, Si
Common Impurities:Al,Ca,Fe,Ni

Relationship of Sepiolite to other Species

Member of Group:
Sepiolite Group:
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.EE.05Bementite
Mn
 
5
Si
 
4
O
 
10
(OH)
 
6
9.EE.10Brokenhillite
Mn
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
10
9.EE.10Pyrosmalite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
9.EE.10Friedelite
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
9.EE.10Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
9.EE.10Mcgillite
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
8
Cl
 
2
9.EE.15Nelenite
(Mn,Fe)
 
16
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
)(OH)
 
14
[As
3+
3
O
 
6
(OH)
 
3
]
9.EE.15Schallerite
(Mn,Fe)
 
16
Si
 
12
As
 
3
O
 
36
(OH)
 
17
9.EE.20Palygorskite
(Mg,Al)
 
5
(Si,Al)
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
·8H
 
2
O
9.EE.20Tuperssuatsiaite
Na
 
2
Fe
 
3
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
9.EE.20Yofortierite
Mn
 
5
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
·8-9H
 
2
O
9.EE.25Falcondoite
(Ni,Mg)
 
4
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
2
·6H
 
2
O
9.EE.25Loughlinite
Na
 
2
Mg
 
3
Si
 
6
O
 
16
·8H
 
2
O
9.EE.25Kalifersite
(K,Na)
 
5
Fe
3+
7
Si
 
20
O
 
50
(OH)
 
6
·12H
 
2
O
9.EE.30Gyrolite
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
6
O
 
15
)(OH)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
9.EE.30Orlymanite
Ca
 
4
Mn
 
3
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
6
·2H
 
2
O
9.EE.30Tungusite
Ca
 
4
Fe
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
6
9.EE.35Reyerite
(Na,K)
 
2
Ca
 
14
(Si,Al)
 
24
O
 
58
(OH)
 
8
·6H
 
2
O
9.EE.35Truscottite
(Ca,Mn)
 
14
Si
 
24
O
 
58
(OH)
 
8
·2H
 
2
O
9.EE.40Natrosilite
Na
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
5
9.EE.45Makatite
Na
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
8
(OH)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
9.EE.50Varennesite
Na
 
8
Mn
 
2
Si
 
10
O
 
25
(OH,Cl)
 
2
·12H
 
2
O
9.EE.55Raite
Na
 
4
Mn
2+
3
Ti
 
0.25
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
·10H
 
2
O
9.EE.60Intersilite
Na
 
6
Mn
2+
 
Ti[Si
 
10
O
 
24
(OH)](OH)
 
3
·4H
 
2
O
9.EE.65Shafranovskite
(Na,K)
 
6
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
Si
 
9
O
 
24
·6H
 
2
O
9.EE.65Zakharovite
Na
 
4
Mn
 
5
Si
 
10
O
 
24
(OH)
 
6
·6H
 
2
O
9.EE.70Zeophyllite
Ca
 
4
Si
 
3
O
 
8
(OH,F)
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
9.EE.75Minehillite
(K,Na)
 
2-3
Ca
 
28
Zn
 
4
Al
 
4
Si
 
40
O
 
112
(OH)
 
16
9.EE.80Fedorite
(Na,K)
 
2-3
(Ca
 
4
Na
 
3
)Si
 
16
O
 
38
F
 
2
 · 3.5H
 
2
O
9.EE.80Martinite
(Na,Ca)
 
11
Ca
 
4
(Si,S,B)
 
14
B
 
2
O
 
40
F
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
9.EE.85Lalondeite
(Na,Ca)
 
6
(Ca,Na)
 
3
Si
 
16
O
 
38
(F,OH)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.4.1Forsterite
Mg
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
14.4.2Enstatite
Mg
 
2
[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
14.4.3Clinoenstatite
Mg
 
2
[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
14.4.4Chrysotile
Mg
 
3
Si
 
2
O
 
5
(OH)
 
4
14.4.5Clinochrysotile
14.4.6Orthochrysotile
14.4.7Parachrysotile
14.4.8Lizardite
Mg
 
3
[(OH)
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
5
]
14.4.9Talc
Mg
 
3
Si
 
4
O
 
10
(OH)
 
2
14.4.10Spadaite
MgSiO
 
2
(OH)
 
2
·H
 
2
O
14.4.12Loughlinite
Na
 
2
Mg
 
3
Si
 
6
O
 
16
·8H
 
2
O
14.4.13Eifelite
KNa
 
3
Mg
 
4
Si
 
12
O
 
30
14.4.14Stevensite
(Ca,Na)
 
x
Mg
 
3
Si
 
4
O
 
10
(OH)
 
2
14.4.15Antigorite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
[(OH)
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
5
]
14.4.16 Magnesio-anthophyllite

Other Names for Sepiolite

Synonyms:
Parasepiolite
Other Languages:
French:Ecume de mer
L'écume de mer
German:Meerschaum
Sepiolit
Sepiolith
Russian:Сепиолит
Spanish:Sepiolita
Varieties:
Aluminium-sepioliteGunnbjarnite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Sepiolite

Reference List:Glocker, E.F. (1847): Generum et specierum mineralium secundum ordines naturales digestorium synopsis. Halle, 348 pp.

Brauner, K. and A. Preisinger (1956): Structur und Entstehung des Sepioliths. Tschermaks Mineral. Petrog. Mitt., 6, 120-140 (in German).

Brindley, G.W. (1959): X-ray and electron
diffraction data for sepiolite. Amer. Mineral., 44, 495-500.

Nagata, H., S. Shimoda, and T. Sudo (1974): On dehydration of bound water of sepiolite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 22, 285-293.

Clays and Clay Minerals (1976): 43.

Internet Links for Sepiolite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Sepiolite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Sepiolite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Sepiolite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Wentworth Co.
        • Wentworth
          • Nampoo Station
    • Queensland
    		Updated list originally distributed by University of Queensland
    part of list University of Queensland
    No reference listed
    • South Australia
      • Eyre peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    		www.crocoite.com (Steve Sorrell) and refs therein
    • Tasmania
      • King Island
        • Grassy
    • Western Australia
      • Wiluna Shire
        • Mount Keith
    		Grguric, B.A. (2003) Minerals of the MKD5 nickel deposit, Mount Keith, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 9, No. 2 , pg. 55-71.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Lower Austria
      • Dunkelsteinerwald
        • Aggsbach Dorf
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • Waldviertel
        • Horn
          • Brunn an der Wild
            • St Marein
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993); Helmut Pristacz PXRD analysis 8/09
        • Neupölla
          • Altpölla
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Stubach valley
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Styria
      • Bruck an der Mur
        • Laming valley
          • Oberdorf an der Laming
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • Fischbacher Alpen Mts
        • St. Jakob-Breitenau
          • Hochlantsch Mt.
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • Leoben
        • Kraubath
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • Niedere Tauern Mts
        • Hohentauern
          • Sunk
    		Aufschluss 1972(SB), 21-26
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Haliburton Co.
        • Cardiff Township
          • Wilberforce area
    		Sabina, A. P. (1982): Some rare minerals of the Bancroft area. Mineralogical Record 13, 223-228
        • Monmouth Township
    		geological survey of canada misc report 39; geological survey of canada economic geology report 29
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Horváth, L and Gault, R.A. (1990), The mineralogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire Quebec. Mineralogical Record: 21: 284-359.
    China
     
    Takabumi, S., Hirohiko, M., Atsushi, Y., and Mayumi, J. (2006): Nendo Kagaku 45(3), 188-199.
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Jingdezhen Prefecture
        • Leping Co.
    		Sakamoto, S., Ando, T., and Otsuka, R. (1988): Nendo Kagaku 28(3), 134-142.
    • Sichuan Province
      • Ya'an Prefecture
        • Shimian Co.
    		Industrial Minerals and Processing 33(12), 8-11 (2003).
    Colombia
     
    • Córdoba Department
      • Montelíbano
    		Econ Geol (2004) 99:1197-1213
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Zruč nad Sázavou (Srutsch an der Sasau)
    		Pauliš, P.: Sametka z Vlastějovic u Zruče nad Sázavou. Minerál, 2002, roč. 10, č. 1, s. 7 – 8.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • South Moravia Region
        • Letovice (Lettowitz)
    		Ulrych, J.: Stichtit z hadcového tělesa od Slatinky u Letovic. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1966, roč. 11, č. 3, s. 311-315.
      • Vysočina Region
        • Bystřice nad Pernštejnem
    		Pelíšek, J.: Nové minerály ze serpentinitu od Věchnova u Bystřice nad Pernštejnem. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1988, roč. 33, č. 2, s. 204.
    Houzar, S., Novák, M., Doležalová, H., Hrazdil, V., Pfeiferová, A.: Přehled mineralogie, petrografie a geologie nedvědických mramorů, svratecké krystalinikum. Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. geol., 2006, roč. 91, s. 3-77.
        • Žďár nad Sázavou
    		Helmut Pristacz jr. PXRD analysis 8/09 (specimen in doubles collection in NHM Vienna)
    Dominican Republic
     
    • Monseñor Nouel Province
      • Bonao
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • Brioude
          • Vieille-Brioude
    • Centre
      • Cher
        • Bourges
    		The Quincyte pigments: fossil quinones in an Eocene clay mineral. W.G. Prowse, K.I. Arnot, J.A. Rechka, R.H. Thomson and J.R. Maxwell. Tetrahedron 47, 1991, 1095-1108. K.I.
    • Champagne-Ardenne
      • Marne
        • Champigny
    		"Les minéraux, leurs gisements, leurs associations", P. Bariand, F. Cesbron et J. Geffroy (1977), Editions Minéraux et Fossiles, BRGM
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
    		"Les minéralisations associées au volcanisme andésitique de Biot-Villeneuve Loubet (Alpes Maritimes)" P. ROSTAN ,2005
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Rhône
        • Tarare
          • Le Breuil
    		G. Demarcq, 1973, "Guides Géologiques Régionaux : Lyonnais, Vallée du Rhône" , p. 49, Masson.
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Münchberg Metamorphic complex
          • Kupferberg
    		F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke", 2nd ed., Oberfränkische Verlagsanstalt (Hof), 1984
          • Oberkotzau
            • Wurlitz
    		F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke", 2nd ed., Oberfränkische Verlagsanstalt (Hof), 1984; Rost, F. (1949): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1(5/6), 627-688.
          • Zell
    		F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke", 2nd ed., Oberfränkische Verlagsanstalt (Hof), 1984
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
    		Lapis 30(7/8):78-80 (2005)
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Kykládes Prefecture
        • Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon)
    		No reference listed
    Greenland
    [var: Gunnbjarnite] No reference listed
    [var: Gunnbjarnite] No reference listed
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
    		Semenov, E. (2001): Notes on Ephesite, Terskite, Na-Komarovite, Ceriopyrochlore-(Ce), Joaquinite-(Ce) and other minerals from the Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 190, 123-125
    Hungary
     
    • Pest Co.
      • Börzsöny Mts.
        • Nagybörzsöny
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Bakony Mts.
        • Úrkút
          • Csárda Hill
    		Szakáll & Jánosi (1996) The Minerals of Hungary
    Israel
     
    • Negev desert
    		Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Canavese District
          • Baldissero Canavese
    		Glocker, E.F. (1847): Generum et specierum mineralium secundum ordines naturales digestorium synopsis. Halle, 348 pp.;
          • Léssolo
            • Cálea
    		http://www.webmineralshop.com/articoli/brosso_eng.htm
        • Germanasca valley
          • Prali
    		G.C. Piccoli, G. Maletto, P. Bosio, B. Lombardo. I minerali del Piemonte e della Vall d'Aosta. Ass. Amici del museo "F. Eusebio", Alba, 2007.
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Bolzano Province (South Tyrol)
        • Passiria Valley (Passeier Valley)
    		Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Pisa Province
        • Pomarance
    		Orlandi P., (2005). "Geositi minerari e mineralogici della provincia di Pisa" in La geologia della provincia di Pisa. Cartografia, geositi e banche dati, pp. 55-280, Provincia di Pisa, 2005
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
          • Iwaki
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Kitakami Mts
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Kyushu Island
      • Fukuoka prefecture
    		Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto)
    Kenya
     
    • Rift Valley Province
    		Hay RL, Hughes RE, Kyser TK, Glass HD and Liu JH (1995) Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. 43, p.455-466; Stoessell and Hay (1978) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol. 65, p.255-267.
    Madagascar
     
    • Tuléar (Toliara) Province
      • Androy Region
        • Bekily District
          • Beraketa Commune
    		Lacroix, A. (1941): Les gisements de phlogopite de Madagascar et les pyroxenites qui les renferment. Texte (Extrait du fasicule XI des Annuales Géologiques du Service des Mines). Tananarive. p.95
    Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Gélogique Madagascar. A 1871
    Malaysia
     
    • Perak
      • Kinta District
        • Pulai
    Mexico
     
    • Coahuila
      • Mun. de Cuatrociénegas
        • Cuatro Ciénegas (Cuatrociénegas de Carranza; Venustiano Carranza)
          • Limestone caves
    		Forti, P. et al. (2006): ACTA CARSOLOGICA 35/1, 79–98.
    • Durango
      • Mun. de Durango
        • Cerro de los Remedios
          • Victoria de Durango
    		No reference listed
    • Zacatecas
      • Mun. de Concepción del Oro
        • Bonanza
    		Panczner (1987): 338.
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
    		S. Weiß: Lapis 31(7/8), 72-73 (2006)
    Norway
     
    • Akershus
      • Nittedal
    		Berg, H.-J. & Ødegård, E. (2003): Mineralene i Bjønndalen Bruk. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 25, 23-28
    • Aust-Agder
      • Risør
    • Buskerud
    		Mineralogical Record: 17: 19-35.
    Van der Wel, D. (1972): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No. 51. Asbestos minerals from Kongsberg silver deposit. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 52: 287-294
      • Øvre Eiker
        • Gunhildrud
    		Jahren, J.; Berg, H.J.; Hurum, J.H. & Wulff-Pedersen, E. (1998): Nye undersøkelser av amazonitt-genthelvin pegmatitten fra Fiskum, Øvre Eiker. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 14, 13-16
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Gogołów-Jordanów Massif
    		JANECZEK J., KOZŁOWSKI K., ŻABA J. 1991. ZBIERAMY MINERAŁY I SKAŁY.
      • Rudawy Janowickie Mts
        • Czarnów
          • Rędziny
    		Domańska, J.: Rędziny. Otoczak, nr. 29, p. 38-52.
    • Małopolskie
      • Kraków
        • Dębnik-Dubie area
    		Lewandowska A., Rospondek M. 2002: Thaumasite - a rare mineral containing Si(OH)6 2- groups from Dubie (the Dębnik anticline, S Poland). Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 33, no 1, 25-34
    Eligiusz Szełęg private collection
    Eligiusz Szełęg collection
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Zheleznogorsk
    		Mazurov, M.P., Grishina, S.N., Istomin, V.E., and Titov, A.T. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 271-284.
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
        • Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche)
          • Nikolaevskoe Pb-Zn-Ag deposit
    		Min Rec vol 32, pp 7-30 (2001)
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Magnitogorsk
            • Sakhara (Sakharin) District
              • Sakhara massif
    		Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., Ryzhkova, S.O., Ugol\'kov, V.L., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2008): Lithology and Mineral Resources 43(6), 588-595.
          • Ufaley (Ufalei) District
    		Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., Ryzhkova, S.O., Ugol\'kov, V.L., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2008): Lithology and Mineral Resources 43(6), 588-595.
    Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., Ryzhkova, S.O., Ugol\'kov, V.L., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2008): Lithology and Mineral Resources 43(6), 588-595.
        • Orenburgskaya Oblast'
          • Svetlyi
            • Buruktal District
              • Buruktal massif
    		Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2003): Lithology and Mineral Resources 38(5), 403-415.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Hnúšťa
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
        • Klenovec
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    • Prešov Region
      • Northern Slanské Mts
    		Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
    Spain
     
    • Castile and Leon
      • Palencia
    		Stvdia Geologica Salmanticensia, 26: 7-25
    Sweden
     
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183. ; K:Gatedal
        • Nordmark
    		No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Leventina
        • Bedretto Valley
          • Ronco
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 367.
    Turkey
     
    • Central Anatolia Region
      • Eskisehir Province
        • Mihaliççik
    		Echle, W. (1967): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14, 86-101.
      • Konya Province
        • Great Konya Basin
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Lizard Peninsula
          • Ruan - Grade
    		No reference listed
      • Worcestershire
        • Malvern Hills
    		BMS Database
    • Scotland
      • Shetland Islands
        • Unst
    		Livingstone, 2002, p. 182
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		No reference listed
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Christmas area
              • Christmas
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 358.
      • Greenlee Co.
        • Shannon Mts
          • Copper Mountain District (Clifton-Morenci District)
            • Clifton
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 366.
      • La Paz Co.
        • Little Harquahala Mts
          • Little Harquahala District
    		Anne Seminaris specimen; John Attard PXRD.
      • Pima Co.
        • Sierrita Mts
          • Pima District (Olive District; Mineral Hill District; Twin Buttes District)
            • San Xavier
              • Mission complex
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 366.
    AmMin 27:512
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 366; Kauffman, Jr., A.J. (1943), Fibrous sepiolite from Yavapai Co., AZ, Am.Min.: 28: 512-520; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 107.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 366.
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
        • Death Valley
    		Econ Geol (1996) 91:622-635
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
          • Crestmore quarries
            • Sky Blue Hill
    		AmMin 26:352-381
      • San Benito Co.
        • Diablo Range
          • New Idria District
    		Mineralogical Record: 36(4): 337-363.
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Amboy
        • Baker area
    		XRD confirmed by Tony Kamph.; American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1198–1204, 2009
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Santa Cruz Co.
        • Santa Cruz
    		Mineralogical Record: 17:315
    • Colorado
      • Montrose Co.
        • Uravan District
          • Paradox Valley
    		Dana 7:I:602.
    • Georgia
      • Thomas Co.
    		Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
    Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
    Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
    • Idaho
      • Lemhi Co.
    		Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
    • Minnesota
      • St. Louis Co.
        • Mesabi Range
          • Babbitt
    		Ross, Malcolm et al. (2007): The search for asbestos within the Peter Mitchell Taconite iron ore mine, near Babbitt, Regulatory Toxicology and PharmacologyVolume 52, Issue 1, Supplement 1, October 2008, Pages S43-S50
    • Missouri
      • Washington Co.
        • Meramec State Park
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • Montana
      • Silver Bow Co.
        • Butte District
          • Butte
    		The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen 1964
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • McClanahan District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Elko Co.
        • Ferber District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lincoln Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999.
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Somerset Co.
        • Bernards Township
    		Maertens, J. (2007) Collecting Minerals at Tilcon's Millington Quarry. The Tilcon Times, Summer:10.
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Germine, M.: Environmental Research:42:386-389 (1987); Dunn(1995):Pt4:504.
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
          • Bear Creek Area
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
        • Meerschaum District
    		USGS Bull 1451
    USGS Bull 1451
    USGS Bull 1451
      • McKinley Co.
        • Red Lake volcanic field
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • New York
    		John H. Betts (2009) \"The minerals of New York City\", Rocks & Minerals, 84, 204-240.
      • St Lawrence Co.
        • Balmat-Edwards Zinc District
    		NY State Museum spec. no. 13870
        • Talcville
    		Rocks & Min. V.71, No.3
    A Listing of North Carolina Minerals- Leonard S. Wiener and Sigrid Ballew-1995
      • Jackson Co.
        • Webster-Balsam
    		Dana,E.S,1892,A System of Mineralogy,6th edition,pg 681
    • Oregon
      • Douglas Co.
        • Riddle District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Pennsylvania
      • Chester Co.
        • West Nottingham Township
    		Mineralogy of Pennsylvania - 1922; Samuel S. Gordon, pg. 181
    www.libraries.psu.edu/emsl/guides/X/delaware.htm.
    • Rhode Island
      • Providence Co.
    		Miller, 1971. RI Minerals & Their Locations
    • Utah
      • Duchesne Co.
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Salt Lake Co.
        • Wasatch Mts
          • Big Cottonwood District
            • Argenta
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah; U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • San Juan Co.
        • White Canyon District
          • White Canyon
            • Copper Point
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Tooele Co.
        • Deep Creek Mts
          • Gold Hill District (Clifton District)
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
        • Oquirrh Mts
          • Rush Valley District (Stockton District)
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Vermont
    		Rocks & Min. vol. 71, (1996)
    • Washington
      • Skagit Co.
        • Mount Vernon
    		Rocks & Min.: 14:112-113.
      • Whatcom Co.
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
    Venezuela
     
    • Miranda
    		Urbani, 1997. Bol. Soc. Venezolana de Espeleología, no.30.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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