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Siegenite

Big Photo

Buick Mine (Amax Buick Mine; Moloc Mine), Bixby, Viburnum Trend District, Iron Co., Missouri, USA
© T. Kennedy 2002

Show Siegenite Photos (37)
Formula:
from CoNi
 
2
S
 
4
 to NiCo
 
2
S
 
4
System:IsometricColour:Light to steel-grey, ...
Hardness:4½ - 5½
Name:Named after its discovery locality in the Siegen district, Westphalia (Germany).


Linnaeite Group and Thiospinel Group

Classification of Siegenite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/D.01-80
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.DA.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4
Dana 8th edition ID:2.10.1.6

2 : SULFIDES
10 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:4
Hey's CIM Ref.:3.11.11

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
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Type Occurrence of Siegenite

Type Locality:Stahlberg Mine (Schwabengrube), Müsen, Siegerland, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Year of Discovery:1850

Occurrences of Siegenite

Geological Setting:Hydrothermal veins

Physical Properties of Siegenite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Light to steel-grey, violet-gray (tarnished)
Streak:Greyish black
Hardness (Mohs):4½ - 5½
Hardness (Vickers):VHN100=459 - 540 kg/mm2
Cleavage:Imperfect/Fair
Imperfect on {001}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):4.5 - 4.8 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.83 g/cm3

Crystallography of Siegenite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:Fd3m (F41/d 3 2/m)
Cell Parameters:a = 9.41Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 833.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:Octahedral crystals, massive, granular, compact
Twinning:On {111}, may be polysynthetic
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Chemical Properties of Siegenite

Formula:
from CoNi
 
2
S
 
4
 to NiCo
 
2
S
 
4
Essential elements:Ni, S
All elements listed in formula:Co, Ni, S
Common Impurities:Se,Cu,Fe

Relationship of Siegenite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Violarite (see here)
Related to:
  • Thiospinel Group
    • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

    - +
    2.DA.05Bornhardtite
    Co
    2+
     
    		Co
    3+
    2
    		Se
     
    4
    2.DA.05Carrollite
    Cu(Co,Ni)
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Cuproiridsite
    (Cu,Fe)Ir
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Cuprorhodsite
    (Cu,Fe)Rh
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Daubréelite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Cr
    3+
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Fletcherite
    Cu(Ni,Co)
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Florensovite
    (Cu,Zn)Cr
     
    1.5
    		Sb
     
    0.5
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Greigite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Indite
    FeIn
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Kalininite
    ZnCr
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Linnaeite
    Co
    2+
     
    		Co
    3+
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Malanite
    Cu(Pt
    3+
     
    		,Ir
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Polydymite
    Ni
    2+
     
    		Ni
    3+
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Trüstedtite
    Ni
     
    3
    		Se
     
    4
    2.DA.05Tyrrellite
    Cu(Co
    3+
     
    		,Ni
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Se
     
    4
    2.DA.05Violarite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Ni
    3+
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Xingzhongite
    (Pb,Cu,Fe)(Ir,Pt,Rh)
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Ferrorhodsite
    (Fe,Cu)(Rh,Ir,Pt)
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.05Cadmoindite
    CdIn
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.10Rhodostannite
    Cu
     
    2
    		FeSn
     
    3
    		S
     
    8
    2.DA.10Toyohaite
    Ag
     
    2
    		FeSn
     
    3
    		S
     
    8
    2.DA.15Brezinaite
    Cr
     
    3
    		S
     
    4
    2.DA.15Heideite
    (Fe,Cr)
     
    1.15
    		(Ti,Fe)
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    2.Da.15Wilkmanite
    Ni
     
    3
    		Se
     
    4
    2.DA.20Inaglyite
    Cu
     
    3
    		Pb(Ir,Pt)
     
    8
    		S
     
    16
    2.DA.20Konderite
    Cu
     
    3
    		Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)
     
    8
    		S
     
    16
    2.DA.25Kingstonite
    (Rh,Ir,Pt)
     
    3
    		S
     
    4
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

    - +
    3.11.1Heazlewoodite
    Ni
     
    3
    		S
     
    2
    3.11.2Godlevskite
    (Ni,Fe)
     
    9
    		S
     
    8
    3.11.3Millerite
    NiS
    3.11.4Polydymite
    Ni
    2+
     
    		Ni
    3+
    2
    		S
     
    4
    3.11.5Vaesite
    NiS
     
    2
    3.11.6Shandite
    Ni
     
    3
    		Pb
     
    2
    		S
     
    2
    3.11.7Donharrisite
    Ni
     
    8
    		Hg
     
    3
    		S
     
    9
    3.11.8Violarite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Ni
    3+
    2
    		S
     
    4
    3.11.9Pentlandite
    (Fe,Ni)
     
    9
    		S
     
    8
    3.11.10Bravoite
    (Fe,Ni)S
     
    2
    3.11.12Fletcherite
    Cu(Ni,Co)
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    3.11.13Villamanínite
    (Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S
     
    2
    3.11.14Mäkinenite
    γ-NiSe
    3.11.15Sederholmite
    NiSe beta-NiSe
    3.11.16Trüstedtite
    Ni
     
    3
    		Se
     
    4
    3.11.17Wilkmanite
    Ni
     
    3
    		Se
     
    4
    3.11.18Kullerudite
    NiSe
     
    2
    3.11.19Penroseite
    (Ni,Co,Cu)Se
     
    2
    3.11.20Tyrrellite
    Cu(Co
    3+
     
    		,Ni
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Se
     
    4
    3.11.21Imgreite
    NiTe (?)
    3.11.22Melonite
    NiTe
     
    2
    3.11.23Kitkaite
    NiTeSe
    3.11.24Dienerite
    3.11.25Orcelite
    Ni
     
    5-x
    		As
     
    2
    3.11.26Maucherite
    Ni
     
    11
    		As
     
    8
    3.11.27Nickeline
    NiAs
    3.11.28Rammelsbergite
    NiAs
     
    2
    3.11.29Pararammelsbergite
    NiAs
     
    2
    3.11.30Nickelskutterudite
    NiAs
     
    2-3
    3.11.31Oregonite
    Ni
     
    2
    		FeAs
     
    2
    3.11.32Westerveldite
    (Fe,Ni,Co)As
    3.11.33Langisite
    (Co,Ni)As ratio Co:Ni = 5:1
    3.11.34Gersdorffite
    NiAsS
    3.11.35Jolliffeite
    NiAsSe
    3.11.36Breithauptite
    NiSb
    3.11.38Ullmannite
    NiSbS
    3.11.39Willyamite
    (Co,Ni)SbS

    Other Names for Siegenite

    Synonyms:
    Müsenite
    Other Languages:
    German:Müsenit
    Siegenit
    Russian:Зигенит
    Spanish:Müsenita
    Siegenita

    Other Information

    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Siegenite

    Reference List:Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 262-265.

    Petruk, W., Harris, D.C., and Stewart, J.M. (1969) Langisite, a new mineral, and the rare minerals cobalt pentlandite, siegenite, parkerite, and bravoite from the Langis mine, Cobalt-Gowganda area, Ontario, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist: 9: 597-605.

    Geoch. Min. Petr. Bulgaria Acad. Sci. (1976), 4, 35.

    Mineralogical Magazine (1980): 44: 733.

    Internet Links for Siegenite

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  • Look for Siegenite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Siegenite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Siegenite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Siegenite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Siegenite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Buccleuch Co.
        • Tumut
    		Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets, 1982
    • Northern Territory
      • Batchelor
        • Rum Jungle
    		Econ. Geol. 99,257-277(2004)
    • South Australia
      • Andamooka Ranges - Lake Torrens area
        • Stuart Shelf area
          • Mt Gunson
    • Tasmania
      • Corinna-Savage River district
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    • Western Australia
      • Kalgoorlie
    		Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Glockner group
          • Hochtor area
        • Goldberg group
          • Zirknitz
            • Kleine Zirknitz valley
              • Kluidscharte
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Karawanken Mts
        • Finkenstein
          • Mallestiger Mittagskogel Mt.
            • Neufinkenstein-Grabanz District
    		J. Taucher: Carinthia II 188./108.:377-392 (1998)
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Fusch valley
          • Brennkogel Mt. area
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • Saalfelden
        • Leogang
          • Hütten
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
              • Schwarzleo District
    		Poeverlein, R. (2008): Euchroit und seine Begleiter vom prähistorischen Bergbau, Leogang, Österreich. Lapis, 33 (5), 13-22.
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Brixlegg - Schwaz area
            • Brixlegg - Rattenberg
              • St Gertraudi
                • Großkogel Mt.
    		Putz, H. & Poeverlein, R. (2007): Die Mineralien des Gertraudstollens und seiner Halde in St. Gertraudi, Tirol. Lapis 32 (6), 58-63.
    • Vorarlberg
      • Montafon
        • Vandans
          • Rells valley
    		Niedermayr, G. et al. (2003): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LII. Carinthia II, 193./113., 195-216; Niedermayr, G. et al. (2008): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVII. Carinthia II, 198./118.: 223-274.
    Belgium
     
    • Limburg Province
      • Genk
    Brazil
     
    • North Region
      • Pará
        • Carajás mineral province
          • Canaã dos Carajás
            • Sossego Mine
    		Monteiro, L.V.S., Xavier, R.P., de Carvalho, E.R., Hitzman, M.W., Johnson, C.A., de Souza Filho, C.R., and Torresi, I. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 129-159.
    Monteiro, L.V.S., Xavier, R.P., de Carvalho, E.R., Hitzman, M.W., Johnson, C.A., de Souza Filho, C.R., and Torresi, I. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 129-159.
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Conselheiro Lafaiete (old Queluz de Minas)
    		http://acd.ufrj.br/geologia/posgrad/area1_d.htm
    Bulgaria
     
    • Pazardzhik (Pazardjik) Oblast
      • Srednogorie (Sredna Gora; Srdnia Gora) Region
        • Panagyurishte (Panagurishte) Obshchina
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    Canada
     
    • Nunavut Territory
      • Baffin Island
        • Nanisivik
    • Ontario
      • Timiskaming District
        • Cobalt-Gowganda region
          • Casey Township
    		Canadian Mineralogist (1969): 9: 597-605.
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Chuzhou Prefecture
        • Langya District
    		Li, Y. and Qing, C.K. (1999): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 19, 426–435.
    • Jiangsu Province
      • Nanjing Prefecture
        • Jiangning District
          • Ningzhen Mining District
    		Xiangping, G., Watanabe, M., Ohkawa, M., Hoshino, K., Shibata, Y., and Desong, C. (2001): Canadian Mineralogist 39(6), 1641-1652.
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Shangrao Prefecture
        • Dexing Co.
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-268.
    • Shaanxi Province
      • Shangluo Prefecture
        • Zhen'an Co.
          • Western Qinling gold belt
    		Zhiping Li, and S.G. Peters (1998): USGS Open-File Report 98-466.
    • Sichuan Province
      • Panzhihua Prefecture
        • Miyi Co.
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Hami (Kumul; Qumul) Prefecture
        • Hami (Kumul; Qumul) Co.
          • Huangshan-Jing'erquan ore belt
    		Zuoheng Zhang, Jingwen Mao, Andao Du, Pirajno, F., Zhiliang Wang, Fengmei Chai, Zhaochong Zhang, and Jianmin Yang (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, in press.
      • Kashi (Kashgar; Qeshqer) Prefecture
        • Shache (Yarkand; Yeken) Co.
    		Xu Yong and Zhu Xinyou (2000): Acta Geologica Sinica 74(3), 540-543.
    • Yunnan Province
      • Dali Autonomous Prefecture
        • Midu Co.
    		Huanbin Song, Mingqin He, Shangzhong Zhang, and Fenghuang Yi (2008): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 27, 104-108.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
    		Duda, Rejl, Slivka: "Mineralien", 1991
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Ostrov
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
      • Liberec Region
    		Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172.
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
      • Katanga Copper Crescent
        • Central area
          • Shinkolobwe
    		www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/katangapgm/STUMAT.pdf.
          • Swambo
    		MinRec 20:287-288
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • Auzon
    		P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Aveyron
        • Lunel
    		J. Geffroy and M. Lenfant, Bull. Soc. Franç. Minér. Crist. , 1963, LXXXVI, pp. 201-203.
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
          • Vielle Aure
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french)
    Germany
     
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Aachen
        • Alsdorf
    		Aufschluss 77(2), 70-72
        • Siersdorf
          • Freialdenhoven
    		Aufschluss 77(2), 72
      • Bergisches Land
        • Engelskirchen
          • Loope
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
        • Overath
          • Bensberg
            • Altenbrück
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
            • Herkenrath
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Ruhr Coal Mining area
        • Herne
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Siegerland
        • Burbach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Eiserfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Gosenbach
    		Weiss: Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Littfeld
    		Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Silberg
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Müsen
    		Weiss: Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Neunkirchen
          • Altenseelbach
            • Große Burg Mine
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Salchendorf
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Siegen
          • Achenbach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
          • Weidenau
    		Weiss: Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Lahn valley
        • Bad Ems District
          • Ahrenberg
    		Emser Hefte 1979(1), 31
      • Siegerland
        • Betzdorf
          • Freusburg
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
          • Schutzbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Herdorf
          • Biersdorf
    		Emser Hefte 1980(3), 18-35
        • Wissen
          • Eichelhardt
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
          • Niederhövels
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Schönstein
    		Dana 6:1039; Dana 7:I:242,302; Min.Rec.:21:103.
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Galway
      • Killimor
    		de Haller, series of article in Bull. Soc. Genevoise de Minéralogie in the 1980s.
    • Co. Tipperary
      • Moyne
    		Tindle, A.G. 2008 Minerals of Britain and Ireland.
    Italy
     
    • Emilia-Romagna
      • Parma Province
        • Berceto
          • Corchia mine
    		Garuti, G., Adorni, F., Calderini, V., Zaccarini, F. (2008). L'oro del "Pozzo": secondo ritrovamento di oro nativo nell'ofiolite di Corchia, Berceto (Appennino Parmense). MICRO (notizie mineralogiche), 2/2008, 133-144.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Valsugana
          • Roncegno
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Hidaka Province
        • Samani-gun
          • Samani-cho
    		Rocks & Min.: 22:223.
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu City
            • Urayama
    		K. Nishikubo, T. Yamada, A. Harada, M. Takizawa, K. Tange, Y. Kosuge, R. Miyawaki, and S. Matsubara (2005) "Rambergite from the Hirogawara mine, Urayama, Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan"
        • Tokyo Prefecture
          • Nishi-Tama-gun
            • Okutama
    		Bull. Kanagawa pref. Mus. (Nat. Sci.), 22, 25-32 (1993)
    Namibia
     
    • Kunene Region
      • Swartbooisdrif
        • Orotumba
    		von Seckendorff, V., Drüppel, K., Okrusch, M., Cook, N.J., and Littmann, S. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 430-450.
    Netherlands
     
    • Limburg
      • Brunssum
    		T.G. Nijland, J.C. Zwaan, D. Visser, J. Leloux - De mineralen van Nederland - 2007
    North Korea
     
    • North Hwanghae Province
      • Suan-gun
        • Hol Kol Mine (Holgol; Suan; Namjong)
    		Resource Geology, vol. 50, no. 4, 213-228, 2000
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Modum
        • Åmot
    		Pedersen, F. (1976), unpubl. master tesis; Ihlen and Vokes (1978), p. 11; Neumann (1985), p. 32.
    • Finnmark
      • Alta
    		Vokes (1957b; 1967, p. 23); Neumann (1985, p. 32).
      • Kautokeino
    		R. Hagen (1980, p. c.); Neumann (1985, p. 32).
    • Rogaland
      • Sokndal
        • Sandbekk
    		Krause and Pape (1975, p. 410); Neumann (1985, p. 32).
    Gierth and Krause (1973); Neumann (1985, p. 32).
    • Telemark
      • Kragerø
    		Nordrum, F.S. Larsen, A.O. & Austrheim, H. (2000): Ni,Co-mineralizations in the Valberg quarry, Kragerø, South Norway: a progress report. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 17: 64-70
    Poland
     
    • Małopolskie
      • Kraków
    		Czerny J. 1992: Hydrothermal mineralization phenomena in Karniowice travertine near Cracow. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 23, No 2, 3-14.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
          • Udokan
    		Prokof’ev, V.Y., Zorina, L.D., Kovalenker, V.A., Akinfiev, N.N., Baksheev, I.A., Krasnov, A.N., Yurgenson, G.A., and Trubkin, N.V. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(1), 31-68.
          • Vershino-Darasunskiy
    		Prokof’ev, V.Y., Zorina, L.D., Kovalenker, V.A., Akinfiev, N.N., Baksheev, I.A., Krasnov, A.N., Yurgenson, G.A., and Trubkin, N.V. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(1), 31-68.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Dobšiná (Dobschau) Mining District
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
        • Jaklovce
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
        • Rožňava (Rozsnyo; Rosenau) Mining District
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Grecula, P. et al. (1995): Mineral deposits of the Slovak Ore Mountains, vol. 1, Geocomplex,p. 337.
    Grecula, P. et al. (1995): Mineral deposits of the Slovak Ore Mountains, vol. 1, Geocomplex,p. 337.
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Phalaborwa
        • Loolekop
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Aragón
      • Huesca
        • Bielsa Valley
          • Bielsa
    		Fanlo, I., Touray, J.C., Sibías, I., and Fernández-Nieto, C. (1998): Mineralium Deposita, 33, 620-632.
    • Castile and Leon
      • León
        • Cármenes
    		Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
    • Catalonia
      • Lleida (Lérida)
        • El Pallars Jussà
          • La Torre de Cabdella
            • La Plana de Mont-ros
              • Castell-estaó
    		Mata-Perelló (1990) "Els minerals de Catalunya" Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Barcelona: 441p
      • Tarragona
        • Conca de Barberà
          • Vimbodí
    		Econ Geol (1992) 87:142-153
        • Priorat
          • Bellmunt del Priorat
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Borlänge
        • Smedsbo
    		No reference listed
    • Lappland
      • Vittangi
    		No reference listed
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    Switzerland
     
    • Glarus
      • Murg Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 255.
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Hinterrhein Valley
        • Schams
          • Zillis
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 255.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Saint-Luc
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 254.
    Uganda
     
    • Kasese District
      • Toro
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • West Cumberland Iron Field
            • Bigrigg
    		BMS Database
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Kirkcudbrightshire)
        • Blackcraig
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol.1, 1990
    • Wales
      • Bridgend (Mid Glamorgan; Glamorgan)
        • Blaengarw
    		Ian Jones collection
        • Cefn Cribwr
        • Pricetown
      • Caerphilly (Gwent; Monmouthshire)
        • Oakdale
    		Ian Jones collection
      • Caerphilly (Mid Glamorgan; Glamorgan)
        • Abertridwr
    		Ian Jones collection. Aragonite confirmed by XRD at the National Museum of Wales
        • Senghenydd
    		Ian Jones collection
      • Caerphilly (Mid Glamorgan; Monmouthshire)
        • Llanbradach
    		ian jones collection
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Ceulanymaesmawr
          • Talybont
            • Nant-y-Moch Reservoir area
    		BMS Database
    UKJMM No5
        • Llangynfelyn
          • Tre-Taliesin
    		BMS Database
    [UKJMM 9:4]
        • Ysgubor-y-coed
          • Ynystudor
    		BMS Database
      • Conwy (Gwynedd; Caernarvonshire)
        • Llandudno
          • Great Orme
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 978-982.
      • Merthyr Tydfil (Mid Glamorgan; Glamorgan)
        • Treharris
    		Ian Jones collection
      • Neath-Port Talbot (West Glamorgan; Glamorgan)
        • Onllwyn
    		No reference listed
      • Rhondda-Cynon-Taff (Mid Glamorgan; Glamorgan)
        • Coed Ely
    		No reference listed
        • Cwmparc
        • Gelli
    		Ian Jones collection
        • Llanharan
    BMS Database
        • Tylorstown
    		Ian Jones collection
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Coconino Co.
        • Grand Canyon National Park
          • South Rim
            • Orphan District
              • Grand Canyon Village
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 371; Gornitz, V., et al (1988), Origin of the Orphan Mine breccia pipe uranium deposit, Grand Canyon, AZ, Process Mineralogy VII: Applications to Mineral Benficiation Technology and Mineral Exploration, A.H. Vassiliou, Hausen, D.M., and Carson, D.J.T., editors, The Metallurgical Society, Warrendale, PA: 281-301; .
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 371.
    • California
      • Tuolumne Co.
        • Jamestown District
          • Jamestown
    		Native gold from the Jamestown Mine, Tuolumne County, California, Mineralogical Record, Jan 1994 by Nelson, Genne Myers, Leicht, Wayne
    • Colorado
      • Gunnison Co.
        • White Earth District (Powderhorn District)
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 17, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
    • Maryland
      • Carroll Co.
        • Sykesville
          • Louisville
    		Mines of the Washington D.C Area; Econ Geol (1989) 84:663-675
    • Michigan
      • Huron Co.
        • Pigeon
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Missouri
      • Crawford Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
      • Iron Co.
        • Viburnum Trend District
          • Bixby
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Rocks & Min. Mar. 1998; Econ.Geol.: 83; 355-376
          • Viburnum
    		J Cilen collection specimen
    Econ.Geol.: 83; 355-376
      • Madison Co.
        • Fredericktown District
    		Am.Min.: 44:995-1009.
    Rocks & Min.: 21:751-752.
          • Mine La Motte
    		Dana 7: I: 264; Dana 7: II: 190 & 832; Rocks & Minerals: 21: 750-753.
      • Perry Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
      • Reynolds Co.
    		Collectors Edge specimen
    No reference listed
          • Centerville
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117; U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; Econ.Geol.: 83; 355-376
    R&M 73:2 pp 98-117; Econ Geol (1992) 87:113-124
          • Ellington
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
          • Greeley
    		 Econ.Geol.: 83; 355-376
      • St. Francois Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
      • Washington Co.
        • Viburnum Trend District
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • Nevada
      • Churchill Co.
        • Westgate District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Lynn District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		D. Von Bargen (1979) Mineralogy of the Black Hawk District, New Mexico PhD Thesis, Purdue Univ.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • Texas
      • Llano Co.
        • Oxford
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224; American Mineralogist, Volume 63, pages 410412, 1978; American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 156-169, 1982
    • Wisconsin
      • Wood Co.
        • Vesper
    Zambia
     
    • North-Western Province
      • Kabompo District
    		Exploration and Mining Geology; July 2000; v. 9; no. 3-4; p. 277-287; DOI: 10.2113/0090277 / Economic Geology, August 1, 2003; 98(5): 893 - 909
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