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Siegenite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About SiegeniteHide

Formula:
CoNi2S4
CoNi2S4 is the IMA-approved formula. The mineral was previously also incorrectly defined by a range of composition: CoNi2S4-NiCo2S4 (the latter composition is grimmite). The pure Co- and Ni-endmembers are linnaeite and polydymite, respectively.
Colour:
Light to steel-grey, violet-gray (tarnished)
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4½ - 5½
Specific Gravity:
4.5 - 4.8
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named after its discovery locality in the Siegen district, Westphalia (Germany).
Linnaeite Group and Thiospinel Group.
Siegenite-Violarite Series.

Formula was earlier often generally given as (Ni,Co)3S4. Note that the composition NiCo2S4 (grimmite) is a normal spinel, i.e. Ni[Co2]S4 (Knop et al., 1968), while the composition CoNi2S4 (i.e. siegenite) is an inverse spinel, i.e. Ni[CoNi]S4 (Huang & Knop, 1971).
Compare polydymite and linnaeite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3655
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3655:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
1fe3e13d-85fa-4bee-9e40-219fcfc3d544

IMA Classification of SiegeniteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of SiegeniteHide

2.DA.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4
2.10.1.6

2 : SULFIDES
10 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:4
3.11.11

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
SegIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
SieThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of SiegeniteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of SiegeniteHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Light to steel-grey, violet-gray (tarnished)
Streak:
Greyish black
Hardness:
4½ - 5½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=459 - 540 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Imperfect on {001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
4.5 - 4.8 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.83 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of SiegeniteHide

Reflectivity:
WavelengthR
400nm42.8%
440nm43.7%
480nm44.8%
520nm45.9%
560nm47.2%
600nm49.0%
640nm50.8%
680nm52.4%
700nm53.2%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 53.2%.

Chemistry of SiegeniteHide

Mindat Formula:
CoNi2S4

CoNi2S4 is the IMA-approved formula. The mineral was previously also incorrectly defined by a range of composition: CoNi2S4-NiCo2S4 (the latter composition is grimmite). The pure Co- and Ni-endmembers are linnaeite and polydymite, respectively.
Common Impurities:
Se,Cu,Fe

Crystallography of SiegeniteHide

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.41 Å
Unit Cell V:
833.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Octahedral crystals, massive, granular, compact
Twinning:
On {111}, may be polysynthetic

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0012158SiegeniteHuang C H, Knop O (1971) Chalkogenides of the transition elements. VIII A X-ray and neutron diffraction study of the spinel CoNi2S4 Canadian Journal of Chemistry 49 598-60219710293
0012159SiegeniteHuang C H, Knop O (1971) Chalkogenides of the transition elements. VIII A X-ray and neutron diffraction study of the spinel CoNi2S4 Canadian Journal of Chemistry 49 598-60219710293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.86 Å(100)
1.670 Å(80)
2.36 Å(70)
1.815 Å(60)
0.988 Å(50)
3.34 Å(40)
1.228 Å(40)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)
Geological Setting:
Hydrothermal veins

Type Occurrence of SiegeniteHide

Synonyms of SiegeniteHide

Other Language Names for SiegeniteHide

Relationship of Siegenite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
CadmoinditeCdIn2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Cuprorhodsite(Cu1+0.5Fe3+0.5)Rh3+2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
DaubréeliteFe2+Cr3+2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
GreigiteFe2+Fe3+2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
GrimmiteNiCo2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
InditeFeIn2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
JoegoldsteiniteMnCr2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
KalininiteZnCr2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
LinnaeiteCo2+Co3+2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
PolydymiteNi2+Ni3+2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Tarkianite(Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)4S8Iso. 4 3m : F4 3m
ViolariteFe2+Ni3+2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
XingzhongitePb2+Ir3+2S4Iso.
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
76 photos of Siegenite associated with ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
63 photos of Siegenite associated with GalenaPbS
62 photos of Siegenite associated with DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
26 photos of Siegenite associated with CalciteCaCO3
24 photos of Siegenite associated with MilleriteNiS
18 photos of Siegenite associated with PyriteFeS2
17 photos of Siegenite associated with MarcasiteFeS2
10 photos of Siegenite associated with QuartzSiO2
8 photos of Siegenite associated with AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
7 photos of Siegenite associated with SideriteFeCO3

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.DA.ZaykoviteRh3Se4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.DA.GrimmiteNiCo2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.ZolenskyiteFeCr2S4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.DA.EzochiiteCu+(Rh3+Pt4+)S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.FerrodimolybdeniteFeMo2S4Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.DA.05BornhardtiteCo2+Co3+2Se4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05CarrolliteCuCo2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05Cuproiridsite(Cu,Fe)Ir2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05Cuprorhodsite(Cu1+0.5Fe3+0.5)Rh3+2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05DaubréeliteFe2+Cr3+2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05FletcheriteCuNi2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05Florensovite(Cu,Zn)Cr1.5Sb0.5S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
2.DA.05GreigiteFe2+Fe3+2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05InditeFeIn2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05KalininiteZnCr2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05LinnaeiteCo2+Co3+2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05MalaniteCu1+(Ir3+Pt4+)S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
2.DA.05PolydymiteNi2+Ni3+2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05TrüstedtiteNi3Se4Iso.
2.DA.05TyrrelliteCu(Co3+,Ni3+)2Se4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05ViolariteFe2+Ni3+2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05XingzhongitePb2+Ir3+2S4Iso.
2.DA.05CadmoinditeCdIn2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05CuprokalininiteCuCr2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05JoegoldsteiniteMnCr2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05NickeltyrrelliteCuNi2Se4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.10RhodostanniteCu1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4Tet. 4/m : I41/a
2.DA.10ToyohaiteAg1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4Tet. 4/m : I41/a
2.DA.15BrezinaiteCr3S4Mon. 2/m
2.DA.15Heideite(Fe,Cr)1.15(Ti,Fe)2S4Mon. 2/m
2.DA.20InaglyiteCu3Pb(Ir,Pt)8S16Hex.
2.DA.20KonderiteCu3Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)8S16Hex. 6/m : P6/m
2.DA.25Kingstonite(Rh,Ir,Pt)3S4Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SiegeniteHide

References for SiegeniteHide

Reference List:

Localities for SiegeniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • Eastern Antarctica
    • Mac Robertson Land
      • Prince Charles Mountains
Andronikov et al. (2021)
Argentina
 
  • Salta Province
    • Iruya Department
de Brodtkorb et al. (2016)
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Buccleuch Co.
      • Tumut district
Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets
  • Northern Territory
    • Coomalie Shire
      • Batchelor
        • Rum Jungle
Economic Geology 99 (2004) +1 other reference
  • Queensland
    • City of Mount Isa
      • Gunpowder District
        • Mount Gordon
Richardson et al. (1997)
  • South Australia
    • Pernatty Lagoon
      • Mount Gunson Copper mines
Noble R.J. +1 other reference
  • Tasmania
    • Waratah-Wynyard municipality
      • Corinna-Savage River district
Bottrill et al. (2008)
  • Victoria
    • Campaspe Shire
      • Cornella
A. R. Seymon
  • Western Australia
    • Coolgardie Shire
      • Kambalda
        • Kambalda Nickel mines
Ostwald (1978)
    • Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire
      • Kalgoorlie-Boulder
        • Boorara
Hollis et al. (2021)
      • Kurnalpi Goldfield
Marston (1984)
    • Ngaanyatjarraku Shire
      • West Musgrave Block
        • Mantamaru Community
Grguric et al. (2018)
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Spittal an der Drau District
      • Großkirchheim
        • Zirknitz
          • Kleine Zirknitz valley
            • Kluidscharte
Paar et al. (1982) +1 other reference
    • Villach-Land District
      • Finkenstein am Faaker See
        • Mallestiger Mittagskogel
A.Pichler (2003)
Taucher (1998)
  • Salzburg
    • St. Johann im Pongau District
      • Bad Hofgastein
Kolitsch et al. (2019)
    • Zell am See District
      • Fusch an der Grossglocknerstrasse
Exel (1993)
      • Kaprun
Kolitsch et al. (2019)
Kolitsch (2023)
      • Leogang
        • Hütten
Exel (1993)
            • Schwarzleo mining district
Kolitsch et al. (2012)
Leblhuber (2000)
Poeverlein (2008)
  • Tyrol
    • Kufstein District
      • Brixlegg
        • St Gertraudi
          • Großkogel (Reither Kogel)
Putz et al. (2007)
    • Landeck District
      • Flirsch
Kolitsch et al. (2023)
  • Vorarlberg
    • Bludenz District
      • Lorüns
Kolitsch et al. (2020)
      • Vandans
        • Rells valley
Niedermayr et al. (2003) +1 other reference
Belgium
 
  • Flanders
    • Limburg
      • Genk
        • Winterslag
Hatert et al. (2002)
Brazil
 
  • Bahia
    • Maracás
      • Rio Jacaré layered complex
Campbell (2012)
  • Minas Gerais
    • Conselheiro Lafaiete
acd.ufrj.br (2002)
  • Pará
    • Canaã dos Carajás
      • Sossego Mine
Monteiro et al. (2008)
Monteiro et al. (2008)
    • Curionópolis
Villas et al. (2001)
    • Marabá
Campo-Rodríguez et al. (2021)
Bulgaria
 
  • Pazardzhik Province
    • Panagyurishte Municipality
      • Panagyurishte
Singer et al. (2008)
  • Sofia Province
    • Etropole Municipality
Dragov et al. (1998) +2 other references
  • Vratsa Province
    • Balkan Mts (Stara Planina)
tin.er.usgs.gov (n.d.) +2 other references
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Kamloops Mining Division
      • Iron Mask Batholith
Peatfield (n.d.)
    • Liard Mining Division
      • Turnagain River area
Jackson-Brown et al. (2014)
  • Northwest Territories
    • Great Slave Lake
      • East Arm area
Blackadar (1981)
    • North Slave Region
      • Great Bear Lake
Somarin et al. (2022)
  • Nunavut
    • Qikiqtaaluk Region
      • Baffin Island
        • Nanisivik
Rocks & Minerals (2008)
  • Ontario
    • Greater Sudbury
      • Norman Township
Ames et al. (2003)
Kjarsgaard et al. (2010, June)
    • Kenora District
      • Werner Lake Area
OGS Open File 5975 +1 other reference
    • Nipissing District
      • Phyllis Township
Colvine (1974)
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Bomby Township
Yuanming Pan and Michael E. Fleet (1989)
Mulja & Mitchell (1990)
      • Lac des Iles Area
Cabri et al. (1979)
Hinchey et al. (2005)
      • Seeley Lake Area
Good et al. (2017)
    • Timiskaming District
      • Cobalt-Gowganda region
159-161. +1 other reference
          • Casey Township
Can Mineral December 1971 v. 11 no. 1 ... +2 other references
  • Québec
    • Nord-du-Québec
      • Opemisca deposits
Vollo (1959)
  • Saskatchewan
    • Beaverlodge Lake area
      • Goldfields District
        • Consolidated Nicholson Mines
USGS Open File Report 81-1666
  • Yukon
    • Whitehorse mining district
      • Kluane District
Barkov et al. (2002)
Chad
 
  • Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Region
    • Pala
Rigobert et al. (2013)
China
 
  • Anhui
    • Chuzhou
      • Langya District
Li et al. (1999)
  • Guangdong
    • Meizhou
      • Mei Co.
Huang +7 other references
  • Guizhou
    • Zunyi
      • Bozhou District
        • Zunyi Ni-Mo-PGE-Au ore field
Jingwen Mao et al. (2001)
  • Hainan
    • Changjiang Co.
Jinjie Yu et al. (2013)
  • Heilongjiang
    • Mudanjiang
      • Dongning County
赵玉锁 et al. (2014) +1 other reference
  • Jiangsu
    • Nanjing
      • Jiangning District
Xiangping et al. (2001)
  • Jiangxi
    • Shangrao
      • Dexing Co.
Singer et al. (2002)
  • Jilin
    • Baishan
      • Hunjiang District
Yanchen Yang et al. (2004) +2 other references
  • Qinghai
    • Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
      • Golmud City (Ge'ermu Co.)
Chunyan Dong et al. (2005)
Houmin Li et al. (2001)
    • Huangzhong District
Li et al. (2022)
  • Shaanxi
    • Hanzhong
      • Lüeyang County
Lixin Wang et al. (2013)
      • Mian County
Xueming Wang et al. (2002)
    • Shangluo
      • Zhen'an County
Wenhui Qiu (1985)
  • Shanxi
    • Datong
      • Lingqiu County
Zhaolong Li and Lianying Zhang (1999)
    • Yuncheng
      • Jiang Co.
        • Zhongtiaoshan ore field
Wang et al. (2022)
      • Yuanqu Co.
        • Zhongtiaoshan ore field
Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006)
Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006)
  • Sichuan
    • Leshan
      • Jinkouhe District
Hongjun Qu (1992)
    • Liangshan Yi
      • Huidong County
Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977)
      • Huili County
        • Lalachang Cu deposit (Lala Cu deposit)
Zhimin Zhu et al. (2009)
      • Yanyuan County
Lizhu Li et al. (2006)
    • Meishan
      • Hongya County
Hongjun Qu (1992)
    • Panzhihua
      • Miyi County
      • Yanbian County
Lu et al. (1989) +1 other reference
    • Ya'an
      • Hanyuan County
Hongjun Qu (1992)
Hongjun Qu (1992)
  • Xinjiang
    • Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture)
      • Yizhou District
        • Huangshan-Jing'erquan ore belt
Zuoheng Zhang et al. (2007)
Yan Sun et al. (2009)
    • Kezilesu Autonomous Prefecture (Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture; Qizilsu Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Aketao Co. (Akto Co.; Aqto Co.)
        • Tamu-Kalangu belt (Tam-Kalanfu belt; Tamu-Kala belt)
Xu Yong and Zhu Xinyou (2000)
    • Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Chabucha'er Xibo Co. (Qapqal Xibe Co.; Chapchal Shibe Co.)
Dai et al. (2015)
  • Yunnan
    • Dali
      • Midu County
Min Liu (2002) +1 other reference
    • Nujiang
      • Lanping County
        • Baiyangping ore field
          • Western ore zone
Kaixu Chen et al. (2004) +1 other reference
    • Pu'er
      • Mojiang County
Yuan Li (1998)
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
Duda +1 other reference
    • Kutná Hora District
Brabec (2002)
    • Příbram District
      • Příbram
        • Březové Hory
          • Černojamské deposit
Plášil J. et al. (černojamské ložisko) +1 other reference
  • Karlovy Vary Region
Ondruš et al. (2003)
    • Karlovy Vary District
Lapis 2002 (7/8)
  • Liberec Region
Scharm +7 other references
  • Olomouc Region
    • Šumperk District
      • Mohelnice
        • Řepová
Dolníček et al. (2019)
  • Vysočina Region
    • Havlíčkův Brod District
      • Pohled
Dolníček et al. (2021)
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
      • Rožná
Kříbek et al. (2009)
DR Congo
 
  • Haut-Katanga
    • Kambove Territory
      • Shinkolobwe
304. +4 other references
Gauthier et al. (1989)
    • Kipushi Territory
      • Kawama
N. Loris et al. (Shaba, Zaïre)
Finland
 
  • Kainuu
    • Kajaani
      • Otanmäki granite
B.K. (1958)
  • Lapland
    • Ranua
Mutanen
Mutanen
  • North Karelia
    • Outokumpu
Geological Survey of Finland 2009 ...
Geological Survey of Finland 2011. ...
    • Polvijärvi
Hänninen Esko 1986. Polvijärven ...
  • North Ostrobothnia
    • Kuusamo
Vuorelainen
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Haute-Loire
      • Brioude
        • Champagnac-le-Vieux
Pélisson (1989)
    • Savoie
      • Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
        • Bessans
Chopin (1978)
        • Bonneval-sur-Arc
Chopin (1978)
  • Occitanie
    • Aveyron
      • Rodez
        • Pruines
J. Geffroy and M. Lenfant +1 other reference
    • Hautes-Pyrénées
Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
      • Bagnères-de-Bigorre
        • Vielle-Aure
De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002)
    • Pyrénées-Orientales
      • Céret
        • Caixas
          • Fontcouverte
BERBAIN et al. (2010)
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
Kolitsch et al. (2019)
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Herne
        • Baukau
Weiß (1990)
      • Olpe
        • Kirchhundem
          • Silberg
Weiß (1990)
        • Wenden
          • Möllmicke
Weiß (1990)
      • Siegen-Wittgenstein
        • Burbach
Wittern (2001)
Henrich et al. (2019)
        • Hilchenbach
          • Müsen
Matthias Reinhardt (2011)
Weiß (1990)
Wittern (2001)
Weiß (1990)
        • Kreuztal
          • Littfeld
Weiß (1990)
Weiß (1990)
Weiß (1990)
Weiß (1990)
        • Neunkirchen
          • Altenseelbach
            • Große Burg Mine
Weiß (1990)
          • Salchendorf
Weiß (1990)
        • Siegen
          • Alt-Siegen
            • Achenbach
Wittern (2001)
          • Eiserfeld
Wittern (2001)
          • Gosenbach
Weiß (1990)
Wittern (2001)
          • Weidenau
Weiß (1990)
    • Cologne
      • Heinsberg
        • Hückelhoven
Lithothek der Münchener Micromounter
      • Oberbergischer Kreis
        • Engelskirchen
          • Loope
Weiß (1990)
      • Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis
        • Bergisch Gladbach
          • Moitzfeld
Weiß (1990)
Weiß (1990)
Weiß (1990)
        • Overath
          • Steinenbrück
            • Altenbrück
Weiß (1990)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Altenkirchen
      • Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld
        • Eichelhardt
Weiß (1990)
      • Daaden-Herdorf
        • Daaden
          • Biersdorf
Emser Hefte 1980 (3)
        • Schutzbach
Weiß (1990)
      • Kirchen (Sieg)
        • Kirchen
          • Freusburg
Weiß (1990)
      • Wissen
        • Hövels
          • Niederhövels
Weiß (1990)
        • Mittelhof
          • Steckenstein
Dana 6:1039 +2 other references
    • Koblenz
      • Arenberg
Emser Hefte 1979 (1)
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Lavrion Mining District
          • Km 3
            • Km 3 mines
Rieck et al. (2018)
          • Plaka
Rieck et al. (2018)
Kolitsch et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Eliopoulos +3 other references
Greenland
 
  • Sermersooq
field et al. (5) +1 other reference
India
 
  • Maharashtra
    • Gondpipri complex
Dora et al. (2014)
Ireland
 
  • Connacht
    • Galway County
      • Killimor
de Haller +2 other references
  • Leinster
    • Meath County
      • Navan (An Uaimh)
        • Navan Mine (Tara Mine)
Yesares et al. (2021)
  • Munster
    • Tipperary County
      • Moyne
Tindle (2008)
Italy
 
  • Emilia-Romagna
    • Parma Province
      • Berceto
        • Corchia mine
Garuti et al. (2008)
  • Liguria
    • La Spezia Province
      • Deiva Marina
Moroni et al. (2019)
  • Lombardy
    • Sondrio Province
      • Lanzada
Bedognè et al. (2006)
        • Mt. Motta
Bedognè (2011)
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol)
    • Trento Province (Trentino)
      • Roncegno Terme
Bortolozzi G. et al. (2013)
Japan
 
  • Fukuoka Prefecture
    • Tagawa District
      • Kawara
        • Sannotake mine
Shimada et al. (1981)
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Hidaka Subprefecture
      • Samani District
        • Samani-cho
          • Horoman peridotite body
Rocks & Min.: 22:223.
  • Iwate Prefecture
    • Kamaishi City
Imai (1976)
Imai et al. (1973) +1 other reference
  • Saitama Prefecture
    • Chichibu City
      • Urayama
K. Nishikubo et al. (2005) +1 other reference
  • Tochigi Prefecture
    • Kanuma City
      • Itaka
Hirata et al. (1993)
  • Tokyo Metropolis
    • Nishitama district
      • Okutama-cho
Alfredo Petrov specimens
Hirata et al. (1993)
  • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    • Hagi City
Kitakaze et al. (2016)
Kazakhstan
 
  • Akmola Region
    • Stepnogorsk
      • Stepnyak group
Spiridonov (1982)
  • Aktobe Region
    • Kargaly District
doi.org (n.d.) +1 other reference
  • Ulytau Region
    • Ulytau District
Stepanets et al. (2018)
Morocco
 
  • Souss-Massa Region
    • Taroudant Province
      • Tazalaght
El Basbas et al. (2011)
Namibia
 
  • Kunene Region
    • Epupa
      • Swartbooisdrif Dikes
        • Orotumba (Oroutumba)
von Seckendorff et al. (2000)
Netherlands
 
  • Limburg
    • Brunssum
T.G. Nijland
    • Kerkrade
      • Eygelshoven
found by Frank de Wit
North Korea
 
  • North Hwanghae Province
    • Suan County
      • Hol Kol Mine (Holgol; Suan; Namjong)
Resource Geology
Norway
 
  • Agder
    • Bykle
      • Hovden
Nordrum et al. (1981)
  • Buskerud
    • Modum
      • Åmot
Pedersen (1976)
  • Rogaland
    • Sokndal
Krause et al. (1975)
Gierth et al. (1973) +1 other reference
  • Telemark
    • Kragerø
      • Valberg
Nordrum (2000)
  • Troms og Finnmark
    • Alta
Vokes (1957)
    • Kautokeino
Neumann (1985)
    • Kvænangen
      • Burfjorddalen
Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ...
Poland
 
  • Lesser Poland Voivodeship
    • Kraków County
      • Gmina Zabierzów
Czerny J. 1992: Hydrothermal ...
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Piestrzyński et al. (2012)
    • Lubin County
Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i ...
  • Silesian Voivodeship
    • Gliwice County
      • Knurów
Eligiusz Szełęg collection
  • Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
    • Kielce County
      • Gmina Górno
        • Górno
Lenik et al. (2019)
Portugal
 
  • Bragança
    • Bragança
      • Gondesende
Dep Ciencias Terra FCT Universidade ...
Romania
 
  • Bihor County
    • Nucet
Cook et al. (2002) +2 other references
Zajzon et al. (2015)
  • Caraş-Severin County
    • Ciclova Română
Ilinca (2012)
Ilinca (2012)
Ilinca (2012)
Constantinescu et al. (1982) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Kunashaksky District
Plotinskaya et al. (2015)
    • Sosnovsky District
      • Bereznyakovskoe ore field
Plotinskaya et al. (2014)
    • Verkhny Ufaley
      • Ufaley District (Ufalei District)
Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko data
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Kovdorsky District
Ivanyuk et al. (2018) +1 other reference
    • Northern Karelia
      • Salla-Kuolajarvi belt
Kalinin (2021)
  • Republic of Karelia
    • Suojärvi District
Коневин et al. (2020)
Коневин et al. (2020)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Polevskoy
Grabezhev et al. (2007)
  • Tuva
    • Kaa-Khemsky District
Gas’kov (2008)
  • Zabaykalsky Krai
    • Kalarsky District
      • Kodar–Udokan ore district
        • Udokan
Prokof’ev et al. (2007)
    • Tungokochensky District
      • Vershino-Darasunskiy
Prokof’ev et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Banská Bystrica District
      • Ľubietová
Luptáková et al. (2016)
    • Rimavská Sobota District
Koděra (1986)
Ragan M. et al. (veporikum)
  • Košice Region
    • Gelnica District
      • Jaklovce
Koděra (1986)
    • Košice-okolie District
      • Jasov
Radvanec et al. (2016)
Ferenc et al. (2016) +1 other reference
    • Rožňava District
Koděra (1986)
Koděra (1986)
Koděra (1986)
Koděra (1986)
Koděra (1986)
      • Rožňava
Koděra (1986)
Grecula (1995)
Grecula (1995)
Koděra (1986)
  • Prešov Region
Ferenc et al. (2001)
South Africa
 
  • Limpopo
    • Mopani District Municipality
      • Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality
        • Phalaborwa
Cairncross et al. (1995)
  • North West
    • Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality
      • Naledi Local Municipality
        • Vryburg
Beckett-Brown et al. (2018)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Huércal-Overa
        • Cuesta Alta
          • Cerro Minado Mines
BERTRAN-OLLER et al. (2012)
  • Aragon
    • Huesca
      • Bielsa
Fanlo et al. (1998)
  • Castile-La Mancha
    • Ciudad Real
      • Almadenejos
undefined +1 other reference
  • Castile and Leon
    • León
      • Cármenes
        • Villanueva de Pontedo
Econ Geol (1997) +1 other reference
  • Catalonia
    • Lleida
      • El Pallars Jussà
        • La Vall Fosca
          • La Torre de Cabdella
            • Castell-estaó
Mata i Perelló (1990)
    • Tarragona
      • Baix Camp
        • Alforja
Abella i Creus (2018)
      • Conca de Barberà
        • Vimbodí i Poblet
          • Bosc de Poblet
Econ Geol (1992)
      • Priorat
        • Bellmunt del Priorat
Sweden
 
  • Dalarna County
    • Falun
      • Smedsbo
  • Kalmar County
    • Västervik
Torstensson (2002)
  • Norrbotten County
    • Kiruna
      • Vittangi
  • Värmland County
    • Filipstad
      • Nordmark mining district
Burke et al. (1983)
    • Grums
      • Värmskog
Nysten
Switzerland
 
  • Glarus
    • Glarus Nord
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Grisons
    • Viamala Region
      • Zillis-Reischen
        • Zillis (Ziran)
Brugger J. (1996) +1 other reference
  • Valais
    • Sierre
      • Anniviers
        • Saint-Luc
Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Uganda
 
  • Western Region
    • Kasese
Riley (1980) +2 other references
UK
 
  • England
    • Cumbria
      • Copeland
        • Egremont
          • Bigrigg
Day (1999)
  • Scotland
    • Dumfries and Galloway
      • Blackcraig
Livingstone et al. (1976) +2 other references
  • Wales
    • Bridgend
      • Blaengarw
Ian Jones collection
      • Cefn Cribwr
      • Nant-y-moel
    • Caerphilly
      • Abertridwr
Ian Jones collection. Aragonite ...
      • Llanbradach
Ian Jones collection
      • Oakdale
Ian Jones collection
      • Senghenydd
Ian Jones collection
    • Ceredigion
      • Ceulanymaesmawr
        • Tal-y-bont
Day (1999)
Rust et al. (1988)
      • Llangynfelyn
        • Tre-Taliesin
Day (1999)
Rust (1991)
      • Ysgubor-y-coed
        • Ynystudor
Day (1999)
    • Conwy
      • Llandudno
        • Great Orme
Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : ...
    • Merthyr Tydfil
      • Treharris
Ian Jones collection
    • Neath Port Talbot
      • Onllwyn
    • Rhondda Cynon Taf
      • Coed Ely
      • Cwmparc
      • Gelli
Ian Jones collection
      • Llanharan
Day (1999)
      • Tylorstown
Ian Jones collection
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Coconino County
      • Orphan Mining District
        • Grand Canyon Village
. +2 other references
    • Mohave County
      • Hack Canyon Mining District
        • Hack Canyon
Anthony et al. (1995)
  • California
    • San Luis Obispo County
      • Santa Lucia Mts (Santa Lucia Range)
        • Adelaide Mining District (Adelaide Klau Mining District)
          • Adelaida
            • Klau Mine group
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 66. +2 other references
    • Tuolumne County
      • Jamestown District
        • Jamestown
Leicht et al. (1994)
  • Colorado
    • Gunnison County
      • White Earth Mining District (Powderhorn Mining District)
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Maryland
    • Carroll County
      • Finksburg
Candela et al. (1989)
      • Louisville
Mines of the Washington D.C Area +1 other reference
  • Michigan
    • Huron County
      • Bay Port
Heinrich et al. (2004)
  • Missouri
    • Crawford County
Sherwood et al. (1998)
    • Iron County
      • Annapolis
- (2005)
      • Bixby
- (2005)
Rocks & Min. Mar. 1998 +2 other references
      • Viburnum
J Cilen collection specimen
355-376 +1 other reference
    • Madison County
      • Fredericktown Mining District
Am.Min.: 44:995-1009.
American Mineralogist (1930)
Grawe (1945)
Rocks & Min.: 21:751-752.
        • Mine La Motte
Dana 7: I: 264 +2 other references
    • Perry County
2009 Portland GSA Annual Meeting (18-21 October 2009) +2 other references
    • Reynolds County
Collectors Edge specimen
- (2005)
      • Greeley
355-376 +1 other reference
      • West Fork
355-376 +3 other references
Econ Geol (1992) +1 other reference
    • St. Francois County
Sherwood et al. (1998)
Leach et al. (1995)
    • Washington County
      • Ebo
        • Indian Creek Subdistrict
Sherwood et al. (1998)
  • Nevada
    • Churchill County
      • Westgate Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Mexico
    • Grant County
      • Big Burro Mountains
        • Black Hawk Mining District
D. Von Bargen (1979)
Northrop et al. (1996)
Northrop et al. (1996)
    • Santa Fe County
      • New Placers District
W. W. (2012)
  • Texas
    • Llano County
      • Oxford
Crook et al. (1978) +2 other references
  • Wisconsin
    • Wood County
      • Vesper
Min. News 15 (5)
Uzbekistan
 
  • Navoiy
    • Kokpatas village
Mineraly Uzbekistana (Minerals of the Uzbekistan)
Zambia
 
  • North-Western Province
    • Mwinilunga District
Exploration and Mining Geology +6 other references
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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