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Sperrylite

Big Photo

Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
© Michael C. Roarke

Show Sperrylite Photos (39)
Formula:
PtAs
 
2
System:IsometricColour:Tin-white
Hardness:6 - 7
Name:Named after Francis Louis Sperry (d. 1906), Chemist at Sudbury, Ontario, who discovered the mineral.


Pyrite Group

Classification of Sperrylite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/D.17-120
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.EB.05a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.
Dana 8th edition ID:2.12.1.13

2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
Hey's CIM Ref.:3.12.50

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
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Type Occurrence of Sperrylite

Type Locality:Vermilion Mine, Denison Township, Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada
Year of Discovery:1889

Occurrences of Sperrylite

Geological Setting:Platinum deposits.

Physical Properties of Sperrylite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Tin-white
Streak:Dark grey to black
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 7
Hardness (Vickers):VHN100=960 - 1277 kg/mm2
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Poor/Indistinct
Indistinct on {001}
Fracture:Conchoidal
Density (measured):10.58 g/cm3
Density (calculated):10.78 g/cm3

Crystallography of Sperrylite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3 (2/m 3) - Diploidal
Space Group:Pa3 (P21/a 3)
Cell Parameters:a = 5.967Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 212.46 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Cubes and cubo-octahedrons
Crystal Atlas:
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Sperrylite no.4 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Sperrylite - {100}, {111}, {210}

About Crystal Atlas

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Optical Data of Sperrylite

Type:Isotropic

Chemical Properties of Sperrylite

Formula:
PtAs
 
2
Essential elements:As, Pt
All elements listed in formula:As, Pt
Common Impurities:Ir,Rh,Fe,Cu,Sb

Relationship of Sperrylite to other Species

Member of:Pyrite Group
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
2.EB.05aAurostibite
AuSb
 
2
2.EB.05bBambollaite
Cu(Se,Te)
 
2
2.EB.05aCattierite
CoS
 
2
2.EB.05aErlichmanite
OsS
 
2
2.EB.05aFukuchilite
Cu
 
3
FeS
 
8
2.EB.05aGeversite
PtSb
 
2
2.EB.05aHauerite
MnS
 
2
2.EB.05aInsizwaite
Pt(Bi,Sb)
 
2
2.EB.05aKrut'aite
CuSe
 
2
2.EB.05aLaurite
RuS
 
2
2.EB.05aPenroseite
(Ni,Co,Cu)Se
 
2
2.EB.05aPyrite
FeS
 
2
2.EB.05aTrogtalite
CoSe
 
2
2.EB.05aVaesite
NiS
 
2
2.EB.05aVillamanínite
(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S
 
2
2.EB.05aDzharkenite
FeSe
 
2
2.EB.05aGaotaiite
Ir
 
3
Te
 
8
2.EB.10bAlloclasite
(Co
 
0.65
Fe
 
0.35
)AsS - CoAsS
2.EB.10dCostibite
CoSbS
2.EB.10aFerroselite
FeSe
 
2
2.EB.10aFrohbergite
FeTe
 
2
2.EB.10cGlaucodot
(Co
 
0.50
Fe
 
0.50
)AsS
2.EB.10aKullerudite
NiSe
 
2
2.EB.10aMarcasite
FeS
 
2
2.EB.10aMattagamite
CoTe
 
2
2.EB.10eParacostibite
CoSbS
2.EB.10ePararammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
2.EB.10fOenite
CoSbAs
2.EB.15aAnduoite
(Ru,Os)As
 
2
2.EB.15aClinosafflorite
(Co,Fe,Ni)As
 
2
2.EB.15aLöllingite
FeAs
 
2
2.EB.15aNisbite
NiSb
 
2
2.EB.15aOmeiite
(Os,Ru)As
 
2
2.EB.15cPaxite
CuAs
 
2
2.EB.15aRammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
2.EB.15aSafflorite
(Co,Fe,Ni)As
 
2
2.EB.15bSeinäjokite
(Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)
 
2
2.EB.20Arsenopyrite
FeAsS - (Fe
 
0.90
Co
 
0.10
)AsS
2.EB.20Gudmundite
FeSbS
2.EB.20Osarsite
(Os,Ru)AsS
2.EB.20Ruarsite
(Ru,Os)AsS
2.EB.25Cobaltite
CoAsS
2.EB.25Gersdorffite
NiAsS
2.EB.25Hollingworthite
(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
2.EB.25Irarsite
(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
2.EB.25Jolliffeite
NiAsSe
2.EB.25Krutovite
NiAs
 
2
2.EB.25Maslovite
PtBiTe
2.EB.25Michenerite
PdBiTe
2.EB.25Padmaite
PdBiSe
2.EB.25Platarsite
(Pt,Rh,Ru)AsS
2.EB.25Testibiopalladite
PdTe(Sb,Te)
2.EB.25Tolovkite
IrSbS
2.EB.25Ullmannite
NiSbS
2.EB.25Willyamite
(Co,Ni)SbS
2.EB.25Changchengite
IrBiS
2.EB.25Mayingite
IrBiTe
2.EB.25Hollingsworthite
2.EB.25Kalungaite
PdAsSe
2.EB.25Milotaite
PdSbSe
2.EB.30Urvantsevite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
 
2
2.EB.35Rheniite
ReS
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
3.12.1Seinäjokite
(Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)
 
2
3.12.2Laurite
RuS
 
2
3.12.3Ruthenarsenite
(Ru,Ni)As
3.12.4Anduoite
(Ru,Os)As
 
2
3.12.5Ruarsite
(Ru,Os)AsS
3.12.6Xingzhongite
(Pb,Cu,Fe)(Ir,Pt,Rh)
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.7Rhodplumsite
Rh
 
3
Pb
 
2
S
 
2
3.12.8Cuprorhodsite
(Cu,Fe)Rh
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.9Konderite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)
 
8
S
 
16
3.12.10Bowieite
(Rh,Ir,Pt)
 
2
S
 
3
3.12.11Cherepanovite
RhAs
3.12.12Hollingworthite
(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
3.12.13Vysotskite
(Pd,Ni)S
3.12.14Vasilite
(Pd,Cu)
 
16
(S,Te)
 
7
3.12.15Palladseite
Pd
 
17
Se
 
15
3.12.16Oosterboschite
(Pd,Cu)
 
7
Se
 
5
3.12.17Telluropalladinite
Pd
 
9
Te
 
4
3.12.18Temagamite
Pd
 
3
HgTe
 
3
3.12.19Sopcheite
Ag
 
4
Pd
 
3
Te
 
4
3.12.20Michenerite
PdBiTe
3.12.21Kotulskite
Pd(Te,Bi)
 
1-2
3.12.22Telargpalite
(Pd,Ag)
 
3
(Te,Bi)
3.12.23Merenskyite
(Pd,Pt)(Te,Bi)
 
2
3.12.24Palladoarsenide
Pd
 
2
As
3.12.25Stillwaterite
Pd
 
8
As
 
3
3.12.26Atheneite
(Pd,Hg)
 
3
As
3.12.27Majakite
PdNiAs
3.12.28Palarstanide
Pd
 
8
(As,Sn)
 
3
3.12.29Arsenopalladinite
Pd
 
8
(As,Sb)
 
3
3.12.30Vincentite
Pd
 
3
As
3.12.31Palladobismutharsenide
Pd
 
2
(As,Bi)
3.12.32Stibiopalladinite
Pd
 
5
Sb
 
2
3.12.33Hexatestibiopanickelite
Ni(Te,Sb)
3.12.34Sudburyite
(Pd,Ni)Sb
3.12.35Testibiopalladite
PdTe(Sb,Te)
3.12.36Borovskite
Pd
 
3
SbTe
 
4
3.12.37Isomertieite
Pd
 
11
Sb
 
2
As
 
2
3.12.38Mertieite-I
Pd
 
11
(Sb,As)
 
4
3.12.39Mertieite-II
Pd
 
8
(Sb,As)
 
3
3.12.40Sobolevskite
PdBi
3.12.41Froodite
α-PdBi
 
2
3.12.42Polarite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
3.12.43Urvantsevite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
 
2
3.12.44Cooperite
(Pt,Pd,Ni)S
3.12.45Braggite
(Pt,Pd,Ni)S
3.12.46Kharaelakhite
(Pt,Cu,Pb,Fe,Ni)
 
9
S
 
8
3.12.47Malanite
Cu(Pt
3+
 
,Ir
3+
 
)
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.48Moncheite
(Pt,Pd)(Te,Bi)
 
2
3.12.49Maslovite
PtBiTe
3.12.51Platarsite
(Pt,Rh,Ru)AsS
3.12.52Geversite
PtSb
 
2
3.12.53Daomanite
CuPtAsS
 
2
3.12.54Genkinite
(Pt,Pd,Rh)
 
4
Sb
 
3
3.12.55Stumpflite
Pt(Sb,Bi)
3.12.56Insizwaite
Pt(Bi,Sb)
 
2
3.12.57Erlichmanite
OsS
 
2
3.12.58Omeiite
(Os,Ru)As
 
2
3.12.59Osarsite
(Os,Ru)AsS
3.12.60Kashinite
(Ir,Rh)
 
2
S
 
3
3.12.61Inaglyite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Ir,Pt)
 
8
S
 
16
3.12.62Cuproiridsite
(Cu,Fe)Ir
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.63Iridarsenite
(Ir,Ru)As
 
2
3.12.64Irarsite
(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
3.12.65Tolovkite
IrSbS

Other Names for Sperrylite

Other Languages:
German:Sperrylith
Russian:Сперрилит
Spanish:Sperrylita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:Ore of platinum

References for Sperrylite

Reference List:Wells H.L. (1889), American Journal of Science: 37: 67-70.

Penfield (1889) American Journal of Science: 37: 71.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 292-293.

Economic Geology (1976): 71: 1299.

Szymański, J.T. (1979) The crystal structure of platarsite, Pt(As,S)2, and a comparison with sperrylite, PtAs2. Canadian Mineralogist: 17: 117-123.

Canadian Mineralogist (1980): 18: 563.

Izokh, A.E. and Mayorova, O.N. (1990) A rhodium-bearing sperrylite from the Nomgon complex (Mongolia). Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 313: 1212-1215 (in Russian).

Internet Links for Sperrylite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Sperrylite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Sperrylite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Sperrylite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Albania
     
    • Tropoja ophiolitic Massif
    		Gornostayev, S.S., Ohnenstetter, M., Neziraj, A., Ohnenstetter, D., Laajoki, K.V.O., Popovchenko, S.E., and Kornienko, P.K. (2001): Canadian Mineralogist 39(2), 591-606.
    Argentina
     
    • San Luis
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1997 61 : 861-877
    Australia
     
    • Western Australia
      • Coolgardie Shire
        • Kambalda
    		No reference listed
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:1218-1225
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:1218-1225
            • Otter Juan mine
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1218-1225
      • Wiluna Shire
        • Mount Keith
    		Grguric, B.A. (2003) Minerals of the MKD5 nickel deposit, Mount Keith, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 9, No. 2 , pg. 55-71.
    Austria
     
    • Styria
      • Leoben
    		Min.& Pet. 73:247-277
    Botswana
     
    • North-East District
      • Francistown
    		Maier, W.D., Barnes, S.-J., Chinyepi, G., Barton, Jr., J.M., Eglington, B., and Setshedi, I. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 37-60.
    Maier, W.D., Barnes, S.-J., Chinyepi, G., Barton, Jr., J.M., Eglington, B., and Setshedi, I. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 37-60.
    Brazil
     
    • Central-West Region
      • Goiás
        • Cavalcante
    		Botelho, N.F., Moura, M.A., Peterson, R.C., Stanley, C.J., Silva, D.V.G. (2006): "Kalungaite, PdAsSe, a new platinum-group mineral from the Buraco do Ouro gold mine, Cavalcante, Goiás State, Brazil", Mineralogical Magazine 70, 123-130
        • Hidrolândia
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
    • North Region
      • Amapá
        • Mazagão
          • Vila Nova
    		CanMin 39:377-396
      • Pará
        • Carajás mineral province
          • Curionópolis
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Diversity of Platinum group minerals (PGM) in chromitites from Brazil, preliminary results
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Fortaleza de Minas
    		Brenner et al (1990) Econ Geol 85:904-920
    Bulgaria
     
    • Blagoevgrad Oblast
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Kamloops Mining Division
        • Kamloops
      • Similkameen Mining Division
        • Tulameen River
    		www.cannonmicroprobe.com/Mineral_Specimens.htm
    Alfredo Petrov collection
    • Ontario
      • Sudbury District
        • Denison Township
    		Gait, R.I. (1982): Sperrylite from the type locality. Mineralogical Record 13: 159-160; Min Mag (1980) 43:877-878; Canadian Mineralogist (1973): 11: 903-912.
        • McKim Township
          • Sudbury
    		Canadian Mineralogist (1973): 11: 903-912.
    Econ Geol (1988) 83:492-510; Econ Geol (1986) 81:1272-1277
        • Wisner Township
    		Econ. Geol. 103 (2008) 1005-1028.
        • Worthington offset
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Lac des Iles Complex
          • Roby Zone
        • Marathon
          • Coldwell complex
            • Two Duck Lake intrusive
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 76, pages 1694-1700, 199l
    • Québec
      • Abitibi Co.
        • La Motte Township
    		Sabina (2003)126
      • Nunavik Territory
        • Ungava
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1147-1158
    Am Min 90:1466-1467
    • Yukon Territory
      • Whitehorse Mining District
        • Kluane District
    		No reference listed
    China
     
    • Gansu (Ganzu) Province
      • Jinchang Prefecture
        • Jinchuan District
    		Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128.; Econ Geol (1992) 87:1475-1495
    • Hebei Province
      • Chengde Prefecture
        • Chengde Co.
          • Damiao village
    		Yu Zuxiang (1997): Acta Geologia Sinica 71(4), 329-331.
        • Fengning Co.
    		Yu Zuxiang (1982): Bull. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 4, 78–81.
    Yu Zuxiang, Lin Shujen, Chao Pao, Fang Chingsung, and Huang Chishun (1974): Acta Geologica Sinica 48(2), 202-218.
        • Longhua Co.
    		Chen Keqiao, Yang Huifang, Ma Letian and Peng Zhizhong (1981): Dizhi Pinglun 27, 107-115.
        • Luan River (Luan He) valley
    		Yu Zuxiang (1997): Acta Geologica Sinica 71(4), 486-490.
        • Xinglong Co.
    		Yu Zuxiang (1996): Acta Geologica Sinica 70(4), 309-314.
      • Tangshan Prefecture
        • Zunhua Co.
    		Yu Zuxiang (1981): Geological Review 27, 55-71.
    • Heilongjiang Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Yichun Prefecture
        • Hongxing District
    		http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of03-220/DATABASE/lode_deposits.txt
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Hohhot (Huhehaote) League
        • Wuchuan Co.
    		Chen Keqiao, Yang Huifang, Ma Letian, and Peng Zhizhong (1981): Dizhi Lunping [Geological Review] 27(2), 108-115.
    • Sichuan Province
      • Garzê (Ganzi) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Danba Co.
          • Yangliuping dome
    		Dunn, P.J., Chao, G.Y., Grice, J.D, Ferraiolo, J.A., Fleischer, M., Pabst, A., and Zilczer, J.A. (1985): American Mineralogist 69, 565-569.; Xieyan Song, Meifu Zhou, Zhimin Cao, Min Sun, and Yunliang Wang (2003): Mineralium Deposita 38, 831-843
    Xieyan Song, Meifu Zhou, Zhimin Cao, Min Sun, and Yunliang Wang (2003): Mineralium Deposita 38, 831-843
      • Leshan Prefecture
        • Emeishan Co.
          • Mt Omei (Omei Shan)
    		American Mineralogist (1979), 64, 464
      • Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Huili Co.
    		http://www.the-conference.com/2003/Gold2003/abstracts/A560.pdf
      • Panzhihua Prefecture
        • Miyi Co.
        • Panzhihua City
    		Hong Zhong, Xinhua Zhou, Meifu Zhou, Min Sun, and Bingguang Liu (2002): Mineralium Deposita 37(2), 226-239
      • Ya'an Prefecture
        • Shimian Co.
    		http://www.the-conference.com/2003/Gold2003/abstracts/A560.pdf
    • Tibet Autonomous Region
      • Nagchu (Naqu) Prefecture
        • Amdo (Anduo) Co.
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Aletai (Altay) Prefecture
          • Fuyun Co.
    		Zuoheng Zhang, Jingwen Mao, Andao Du, Pirajno, F., Zhiliang Wang, Fengmei Chai, Zhaochong Zhang, and Jianmin Yang (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, in press.
    • Yunnan Province
      • Dali Autonomous Prefecture
        • Midu Co.
    		Huanbin Song, Mingqin He, Shangzhong Zhang, and Fenghuang Yi (2008): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 27, 104-108.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Ústí Region
        • Šluknov (Schluckenau)
    		Vavřín, I., Frýda, J.: Pt-Pd-As-Te mineralizace na ložiskách měďnato-niklových rud z Kunratic a Rožan na Šluknovsku. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 1998, 73, 2, p. 177-180.
    Vavřín, I., Frýda, J.: Pt-Pd-As-Te mineralizace na ložiskách měďnato-niklových rud z Kunratic a Rožan na Šluknovsku. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 1998, 73, 2, p. 177-180.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Havlíčkův Brod
    		Vavřín, I.: Přehled mineralogie, geochemie a ložisek platinových kovů. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 132-140.
    Ethiopia
     
    • Wallaga (Welega; Wollega; Ouallega) Province
      • Assosa region
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Finland
     
    • Itä-Suomen Lääni
    		No reference listed
    • Lapin (Lapland) Lääni
      • Inari
        • Lemmenjoki
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Pt-Pd selenides from river placers, northern Finland
      • Koillismaa Complex
      • Penikat complex
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1126-1136
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:1126-1136
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:1126-1136
      • Portimo complex
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1236-1241
      • Sodankylä
    33 IGC excursion No 15, August 15th – 21st 2008
    • Oulun (Oulu) Lääni
      • Nivala
    		K.K. Kojonen et al.: Can. Mineral. 42:539-544 (2004); Econ Geol (1986) 81:1236-1241
    Germany
     
    • Saxony
      • Oberlausitz
        • Sohland
    		Ramdohr, P. (1955): Die Erzmineralien und ihre Verwachsungen.- Berlin, p. 866
    Greece
     
    • Sterea Hellas Department
      • Fthiótis Prefecture
        • Lamia
          • Othrys (Othris) Mt ophiolite complex
            • Eretria
    		Garuti, G., Zaccarini, F., and Economou-Eliopoulos, M. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 312-319.
    Greenland
     
    • Tunu (East Greenland) Province
    		Econ Geol (1997) 92:490-501
    India
     
    • Orissa
    		No reference listed
    Indonesia
     
    • Kalimantan Island (Borneo Island)
      • Kalimantan Selatan Province (South Kalimantan Province)
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
    		AA.VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    • Piedmont
      • Vercelli Province
        • Sesia Valley
          • Scopello
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Sorachi Province
    		Urashima et al (1976) Kouzan Chishitsu, 26, 48-49.
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Tottori Prefecture
    		Arai et al (1999) Mineralogical Magazine, 63, 369-377.
    Madagascar
     
    • Mahajanga (Majunga) Province
      • Betsiboka Region
        • Tsaratanàna Department
          • Andriamena Commune
    		[AmMin 85:265]/ McDonald, I., Ohnenstetter, D., Ohnenstetter, M., and Vaughan, D.J. (1999): Palladium oxides in ultramafic complexes near Lavatrafo, western Andriamena, Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine. 63: 345-352
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
          • Bou Azzer District
            • Bleida
    		El Ghorfi, M., Oberthür, T., Melcher, F., Lüders, V., El Boukhari, A., Maacha, L., Ziadi, R., and Baoutoul, H. (2006): Mineralium Deposita 41, 549-564.
    New Caledonia
     
    • Pirogues River
    		Economic Geology: 89: 1454-1468
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Southland
    		www.med.govt.nz/crown_minerals/minerals/docs/comreports/report05_pgm.pdf.
    Norway
     
    • Finnmark
      • Karasjok (Kárásjohka)
    		Bjørlykke, H. (1966): De alluviale gullforekomster i indre Finnmark. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse 236, 66p [p.47]; Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 38
    Bjørlykke, H. (1966): De alluviale gullforekomster i indre Finnmark. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse 236, 66p [p.47-50]; Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p.38
      • Porsanger
    		Nilsson, L. P. & Larsen, R. B. (1998): Edle mineraler i mafiske og ultramafiske bergarter- en oppsummering av platina-gruppe mineraler (PGM) funnet i Norge i de senere år. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 14: 40-49
    • Hordaland
      • Osterøy
        • Hosanger nickel deposits
    		J. Hysingjord (letter, 11,01,78); Neumann (1985, p. 38).
    • Nord-Trøndelag
      • Grong
        • Grong ore field
    		Grønlie, A. (1988): Platinum-group minerals in the Lillefjellklumpen nickel-copper deposit, Nord-Trøndelag, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68, 65-72 + Neumann (1985, p. 38).
    • Nordland
      • Beiarn
        • Eiterjorda (Eiterjord)
    		Pauly (letter 09.12.52); Neumann (1985, p. 38).
    • Rogaland
      • Karmøy
    		J. Hysingjord (letter, 11.01.78); Neumann (1985, p. 38).
    • Sør-Trøndelag
      • Røros
    		Nilson, L. P. (1990): Platinum-group mineral inclusions in chromitite from the Osthammeren ultramafic tectonite body, South Central Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology 42: 249-263
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
    		www.cosis.net/abstracts/EAE03/14099/EAE03-A-14099.pdf.
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Bodaibo
            • Lena Gold District
              • Kropotkinsky ore cluster
    		http://www.igem.ru/igem/chem/pt/sukhloge.htm
          • Lake Baikal area
            • Dovyren Highlands
    		Rudashevskiy N.S., Krecer D.A., Orsoev D.A., Kislov E.V. (2003) Palladium-platinum mineralization in vein Cu-Ni-ores of Yoko-Dovyrenskiy laiered massif, - DAN, 391(4), p. 519-522 (in Rus.)
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Aldan Shield
          • Aldan
          • Chara and Tokko Rivers Confluence
    		[Lapis 1993:4 p.13-20]
    [AmMin 85:199]
    Mineralogical Magazine 68:871 -- 885
      • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
        • Taimyr Peninsula
          • Putoran Plateau
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1203-1212
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    The Canadian Mineralogist; February 2009; v. 47; no. 1; p. 53-62
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
          • Chiney massif
    		Can Min (2002) 40, (2), 679-692
      • Tuva Republic
        • Sayan Mts
          • Eastern Sayan
    		Alexander V. Dedeev et al (2002) The PGE-Bearing Sulphide Ores of the Kingash Mafic-Ultramafic Differentiated Intrusion and Ore Processing Characteristics, East Sajan, Russia. 9th annual platinum symposium
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Amurskaya Oblast'
    		Stepanov, V.A., Rogulina, L.I., Melnikov, A.V., and Yusupov, D.V. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 619-623.
      • Kamchatka Oblast'
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    [CanMin 38 p1251-1264 "The association of platinum-group minerals in placers of the Pustaya River, Kamchatka, Russia"]
      • Khabarovskiy Kray
        • Ayan-Maya district
          • Aldan shield
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Cabri, L.J., Laflamme, H.H. Giles, (1997), Platinum Group Minerals from the Konder Massif, Russian Far East, Min Rec. 28, 97-106
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
        • Northern Karelia
          • Oulanka plutonic complex
            • Olanga (Oulanka) River
    		A. Yu. Barkov et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 311-316.
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex)
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Platinum-group minerals in the PGE deposit of the Fedorovo-Pansky layered intrusion, Kola Peninsula
    33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Platinum-group minerals in the PGE deposit of the Fedorovo-Pansky layered intrusion, Kola Peninsula
    33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Platinum-group minerals in the PGE deposit of the Fedorovo-Pansky layered intrusion, Kola Peninsula
          • Monche-Tundra
    		http://www.duke.edu/~boudreau/9thPtSymposium/Grokhovskaya_Abstract.pdf
    http://www.duke.edu/~boudreau/9thPtSymposium/Grokhovskaya_Abstract.pdf
    33 IGC excursion No 48, August 15 – 21, 2008
    http://www4.geology.utoronto.ca/faculty/mungall/Website/igcp479northasia/dp803.html.
          • Pechengsky District
    		Abzalov, M.Z., and Both, R.A. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 61, 119-143.
    South Africa
     
    • Eastern Cape Province
      • Transkei
        • Pondoland
          • Insizwa
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Free State Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Limpopo Province
    		www.bgr.de/b423/oberthuer_ptconf_pgm_bushveld.pdf.
        • Burgersfort
          • Sekhukhuneland
    		Minerals of South Africa
    The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 1711-1734 (2005)
      • Eastern Bushveld Complex
        • Merensky Reef
    		Minerals of South Africa
        • Mokopane (Potgietersrus)
    		Minerals of South Africa; Am Min 68:11-12 pp 1249-1254
    • Mpumalanga Province
    		www.cosis.net/abstracts/EAE03/11407/EAE03-A-11407.pdf.
        • Lydenburg District
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    http://www.minsoc.org.za/pubs/BaseMetals2003.pdf
      • Witwatersrand field
        • West Rand
    		http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~buero62/minpet/malitch/4IASMalitch.pdf
    • Northwest Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Rustenburg District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Málaga
        • Ojén
    		Mineralogy and Petrology: 56: 25-50.
    • Catalonia
      • Tarragona
        • Conca de Barberà
          • Vimbodí
            • Poblet Monastery
    		C.. Canet et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, 2003, V41, pp. 581-595
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Borlänge
        • Smedsbo
    		No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 380.
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Wigtownshire)
        • Newton Stewart
    		MinMag 68(2):395-411
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Isle of Rum
    		Power, M.R., Pirrie, D., Andersen, J.C.O., and Butcher, A.R. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 762-775.
      • Shetland Islands
    		A G Gunn, R C Leake and M T Styles (1985) Platinum-group element mineralisation in the Unst ophiolite, Shetland British Geological Survey Mineral Reconnaissance report 73
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Bethel Borough
        • Goodnews Bay
    		USGS Bull 1660
    USGS Open-File Report 01-269
    USGS Open-File Report 01-269
    USGS Open-File Report 01-269
    Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375
        • Goodnews Bay District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
      • Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Borough
        • Ketchikan District
    		Econ Geol(1992) 87:185-184; US Geological Survey, 2005, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF)
      • Southeast Fairbanks Borough
        • Delta River District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
        • Fortymile District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • California
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Klamath River Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Maine
      • Knox Co.
        • Union
    		Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998, Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd edition, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta.
        • Warren
    		Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998, Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd edition, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta.
    • Minnesota
      • Lake Co.
        • Beaver Bay
          • Beaver Bay Complex
    		Chusi Li, Ripley, E.M., Oberthür, T., Miller, Jr., J.D., and Joslin, G.D. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 97-110.
        • Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • St. Louis Co.
        • Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area
    		Econ Geol (1993) 88:679-696
    • Montana
      • Jefferson Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Sanders Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Green Mountain Mine
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Stillwater Co.
    		Talkington and Lipin, Econ. Geol. Vol. 81, 1986; Canadian Mineralogist (1975) 13:321-335
      • Sweet Grass Co.
        • Stillwater Complex
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; Econ Geol (1986) 81:1953-1975
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:1159-1186
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Bunkerville District
          • Whitney Pocket Basin
    		Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999.
    • New Mexico
      • Taos Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • North Carolina
      • Macon Co.
    		Wilson,W.F and McKenzie,B.J,1978,Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina
        • Mason Mountain
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System:U.S Geological Survey,Reston,Virginia
    • Oregon
      • Jackson Co.
        • Applegate District
    		Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375
      • Josephine Co.
        • Waldo District
    		Econ Geol (1984) 79:491-508
    • Wyoming
      • Albany Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals 76:382
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; R.R. Loucks, M.E. McCallum (1980) Platinum-group minerals in the New Rambler copper-nickel deposit, Wyoming: A preliminary report. ft Sulphosalts, Platinum Minerals and Ore Microscopy, 200-218. Proc. XI IMA Meet., Novosibirsk.(Am Min 74:1217); Econ Geol (1988) 83:492-510; Copper Handbook 1911; USGS: Geological Survey Circular 607
      • Carbon Co.
        • Encampment District
          • Encampment
            • Red Mountain
    		Dana 7:I:293,439.
    Vietnam
     
    • Son La Province
      • Bac Yen District
        • Ban Phuc
    		Can Min 39, (2), 2001, 573-589
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Masvingo District
      • Chiredzi Mining District (Hartley Mining District)
        • Chiredzi
    		Chusi Li, Ripley, E.M., Oberthür, T., Miller, Jr., J.D., and Joslin, G.D. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 97-110.; Economic Geology (1990) 85:556-584; Stribrny, B., Wellmer, F.-W., Burgath, K.-P., Oberthür, T., Tarkian, M., and Pfeiffer, T. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 260-281.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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