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Sperrylite

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Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taimyr Autonomous Region (Taymyrskiy Okrug), Krasnoyarsk Territory (Krasnoyarsk Kray; Krasnoyarskii Krai), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
© Michael C. Roarke

Show Sperrylite Photos (27)
Formula:
PtAs
 
2
System:IsometricColour:Tin-white
Hardness:6 - 7
Name:Named after Francis Louis Sperry (d. 1906), Chemist at Sudbury, Ontario, who discovered the mineral.


Pyrite Group

Classification of Sperrylite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/D.17-120
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.EB.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.
Dana 8th edition ID:2.12.1.13

2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
Hey's CIM Ref.:3.12.50

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
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Type Occurrence of Sperrylite

Type Locality:Vermilion Mine, Denison Township, Sudbury District (Sudbury Complex; Sudbury nickel irruptive), Ontario, Canada
Year of Discovery:1889

Occurrences of Sperrylite

Geological Setting:Platinum deposits.

Physical Properties of Sperrylite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Tin-white
Streak:Dark grey to black
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 7
Hardness (Vickers):VHN100=960 - 1277 kg/mm2
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Poor/Indistinct
Indistinct on {001}
Fracture:Conchoidal
Density (measured):10.58 g/cm3
Density (calculated):10.78 g/cm3

Crystallography of Sperrylite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3 (2/m 3) - Diploidal
Space Group:Pa3 (P21/a 3)
Cell Parameters:a = 5.967Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 212.46 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Cubes and cubo-octahedrons
Crystal Atlas:
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Sperrylite no.4 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Sperrylite - {100}, {111}, {210}

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Optical Data of Sperrylite

Type:Isotropic

Chemical Properties of Sperrylite

Formula:
PtAs
 
2
Essential elements:As, Pt
All elements listed in formula:As, Pt
Common Impurities:Ir,Rh,Fe,Cu,Sb

Relationship of Sperrylite to other Species

Member of:Pyrite Group
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
2.EB.05Aurostibite
AuSb
 
2
2.EB.05Bambollaite
Cu(Se,Te)
 
2
2.EB.05Cattierite
CoS
 
2
2.EB.05Erlichmanite
OsS
 
2
2.EB.05Fukuchilite
Cu
 
3
FeS
 
8
2.EB.05Geversite
PtSb
 
2
2.EB.05Hauerite
MnS
 
2
2.EB.05Insizwaite
Pt(Bi,Sb)
 
2
2.EB.05Krut'aite
CuSe
 
2
2.EB.05Laurite
RuS
 
2
2.EB.05Penroseite
(Ni,Co,Cu)Se
 
2
2.EB.05Pyrite
FeS
 
2
2.EB.05Trogtalite
CoSe
 
2
2.EB.05Vaesite
NiS
 
2
2.EB.05Villamanínite
(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S
 
2
2.EB.05Dzharkenite
FeSe
 
2
2.EB.05Gaotaiite
Ir
 
3
Te
 
8
2.EB.10Ferroselite
FeSe
 
2
2.EB.10Frohbergite
FeTe
 
2
2.EB.10Hastite
CoSe
 
2
2.EB.10Kullerudite
NiSe
 
2
2.EB.10Marcasite
FeS
 
2
2.EB.10Mattagamite
CoTe
 
2
2.EB.15Alloclasite
(Co
 
0.65
Fe
 
0.35
)AsS - CoAsS
2.EB.15Anduoite
(Ru,Os)As
 
2
2.EB.15Clinosafflorite
(Co,Fe,Ni)As
 
2
2.EB.15Costibite
CoSbS
2.EB.15Krutovite
NiAs
 
2
2.EB.15Löllingite
FeAs
 
2
2.EB.15Nisbite
NiSb
 
2
2.EB.15Omeiite
(Os,Ru)As
 
2
2.EB.15Paracostibite
CoSbS
2.EB.15Pararammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
2.EB.15Rammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
2.EB.15Safflorite
(Co,Fe)As
 
2
2.EB.15Seinäjokite
(Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)
 
2
2.EB.15Oenite
CoSbAs
2.EB.20Arsenopyrite
FeAsS - (Fe
 
0.90
Co
 
0.10
)AsS
2.EB.20Glaucodot
(Fe
 
0.65
Co
 
0.35
)AsS - (Co
 
0.65
Fe
 
0.35
)AsS
2.EB.20Gudmundite
FeSbS
2.EB.20Osarsite
(Os,Ru)AsS
2.EB.20Paxite
CuAs
 
2
2.EB.20Ruarsite
(Ru,Os)AsS
2.EB.25Cobaltite
CoAsS
2.EB.25Gersdorffite
NiAsS
2.EB.25Hollingworthite
(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
2.EB.25Irarsite
(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
2.EB.25Jolliffeite
NiAsSe
2.EB.25Maslovite
PtBiTe
2.EB.25Michenerite
PdBiTe
2.EB.25Padmaite
PdBiSe
2.EB.25Platarsite
(Pt,Rh,Ru)AsS
2.EB.25Testibiopalladite
PdTe(Sb,Te)
2.EB.25Tolovkite
IrSbS
2.EB.25Ullmannite
NiSbS
2.EB.25Willyamite
(Co,Ni)SbS
2.EB.25Changchengite
IrBiS
2.EB.25Mayingite
IrBiTe
2.EB.25Hollingsworthite
2.EB.25Kalungaite
PdAsSe
2.EB.25Milotaite
PdSbSe
2.EB.30Urvantsevite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
 
2
2.EB.35Rheniite
ReS
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
3.12.1Seinäjokite
(Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)
 
2
3.12.2Laurite
RuS
 
2
3.12.3Ruthenarsenite
(Ru,Ni)As
3.12.4Anduoite
(Ru,Os)As
 
2
3.12.5Ruarsite
(Ru,Os)AsS
3.12.6Xingzhongite
(Pb,Cu,Fe)(Ir,Pt,Rh)
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.7Rhodplumsite
Rh
 
3
Pb
 
2
S
 
2
3.12.8Cuprorhodsite
(Cu,Fe)Rh
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.9Konderite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)
 
8
S
 
16
3.12.10Bowieite
(Rh,Ir,Pt)
 
2
S
 
3
3.12.11Cherepanovite
RhAs
3.12.12Hollingworthite
(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
3.12.13Vysotskite
(Pd,Ni)S
3.12.14Vasilite
(Pd,Cu)
 
16
(S,Te)
 
7
3.12.15Palladseite
Pd
 
17
Se
 
15
3.12.16Oosterboschite
(Pd,Cu)
 
7
Se
 
5
3.12.17Telluropalladinite
Pd
 
9
Te
 
4
3.12.18Temagamite
Pd
 
3
HgTe
 
3
3.12.19Sopcheite
Ag
 
4
Pd
 
3
Te
 
4
3.12.20Michenerite
PdBiTe
3.12.21Kotulskite
Pd(Te,Bi)
 
1-2
3.12.22Telargpalite
(Pd,Ag)
 
3
(Te,Bi)
3.12.23Merenskyite
(Pd,Pt)(Te,Bi)
 
2
3.12.24Palladoarsenide
Pd
 
2
As
3.12.25Stillwaterite
Pd
 
8
As
 
3
3.12.26Atheneite
(Pd,Hg)
 
3
As
3.12.27Majakite
PdNiAs
3.12.28Palarstanide
Pd
 
8
(As,Sn)
 
3
3.12.29Arsenopalladinite
Pd
 
8
(As,Sb)
 
3
3.12.30Vincentite
Pd
 
3
As
3.12.31Palladobismutharsenide
Pd
 
2
(As,Bi)
3.12.32Stibiopalladinite
Pd
 
5
Sb
 
2
3.12.33Hexatestibiopanickelite
Ni(Te,Sb)
3.12.34Sudburyite
(Pd,Ni)Sb
3.12.35Testibiopalladite
PdTe(Sb,Te)
3.12.36Borovskite
Pd
 
3
SbTe
 
4
3.12.37Isomertieite
Pd
 
11
Sb
 
2
As
 
2
3.12.38Mertieite-I
Pd
 
11
(Sb,As)
 
4
3.12.39Mertieite-II
Pd
 
8
(Sb,As)
 
3
3.12.40Sobolevskite
PdBi
3.12.41Froodite
α-PdBi
 
2
3.12.42Polarite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
3.12.43Urvantsevite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
 
2
3.12.44Cooperite
(Pt,Pd,Ni)S
3.12.45Braggite
(Pt,Pd,Ni)S
3.12.46Kharaelakhite
(Pt,Cu,Pb,Fe,Ni)
 
9
S
 
8
3.12.47Malanite
Cu(Pt
3+
 
,Ir
3+
 
)
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.48Moncheite
(Pt,Pd)(Te,Bi)
 
2
3.12.49Maslovite
PtBiTe
3.12.51Platarsite
(Pt,Rh,Ru)AsS
3.12.52Geversite
PtSb
 
2
3.12.53Daomanite
CuPtAsS
 
2
3.12.54Genkinite
(Pt,Pd,Rh)
 
4
Sb
 
3
3.12.55Stumpflite
Pt(Sb,Bi)
3.12.56Insizwaite
Pt(Bi,Sb)
 
2
3.12.57Erlichmanite
OsS
 
2
3.12.58Omeiite
(Os,Ru)As
 
2
3.12.59Osarsite
(Os,Ru)AsS
3.12.60Kashinite
(Ir,Rh)
 
2
S
 
3
3.12.61Inaglyite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Ir,Pt)
 
8
S
 
16
3.12.62Cuproiridsite
(Cu,Fe)Ir
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.63Iridarsenite
(Ir,Ru)As
 
2
3.12.64Irarsite
(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
3.12.65Tolovkite
IrSbS

Other Names for Sperrylite

German names:
Sperrylith
Russian names:
Сперрилит
Spanish names:
Sperrylita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:Ore of platinum

References for Sperrylite

Reference List:Wells H.L. (1889), American Journal of Science: 37: 67-70.

Penfield (1889) American Journal of Science: 37: 71.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 292-293.

Economic Geology (1976): 71: 1299.

Szymański, J.T. (1979) The crystal structure of platarsite, Pt(As,S)2, and a comparison with sperrylite, PtAs2. Canadian Mineralogist: 17: 117-123.

Canadian Mineralogist (1980): 18: 563.

Izokh, A.E. and Mayorova, O.N. (1990) A rhodium-bearing sperrylite from the Nomgon complex (Mongolia). Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 313: 1212-1215 (in Russian).

Internet Links for Sperrylite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Sperrylite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Sperrylite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Sperrylite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Albania
     
    • Tropoja ophiolitic Massif
    		Gornostayev, S.S., Ohnenstetter, M., Neziraj, A., Ohnenstetter, D., Laajoki, K.V.O., Popovchenko, S.E., and Kornienko, P.K. (2001): Canadian Mineralogist 39(2), 591-606.
    Argentina
     
    • San Luis
    Australia
     
    • Western Australia
      • Coolgardie Shire
        • Kambalda
    		No reference listed
    Austria
     
    • Styria
      • Leoben
    		Min.& Pet. 73:247-277
    Brazil
     
    • Central-West Region
      • Goiás
        • Cavalcante
    		Botelho, N.F., Moura, M.A., Peterson, R.C., Stanley, C.J., Silva, D.V.G. (2006): "Kalungaite, PdAsSe, a new platinum-group mineral from the Buraco do Ouro gold mine, Cavalcante, Goiás State, Brazil", Mineralogical Magazine 70, 123-130
    • North Region
      • Amapá
        • Mazagão
          • Vila Nova
    		CanMin 39:377-396
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
    Bulgaria
     
    • Blagoevgrad Oblast
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Kamloops Mining Division
        • Kamloops
      • Similkameen Mining Division
        • Tulameen River
    		www.cannonmicroprobe.com/Mineral_Specimens.htm
    Alfredo Petrov collection
    • Ontario
      • Sudbury District (Sudbury Complex; Sudbury nickel irruptive)
        • Denison Township
    		Gait, R.I. (1982): Sperrylite from the type locality. Mineralogical Record 13: 159-160
        • McKim Township
          • Sudbury
    		No reference listed
        • Worthington offset
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Lac des Iles Complex
          • Roby Zone
    • Québec
      • Nunavik Territory
        • Ungava
    		Am Min 90:1466-1467
    • Yukon Territory
      • Whitehorse Mining District
        • Kluane District
    		No reference listed
    China
     
    • Gansu (Ganzu) Province
      • Jinchang Prefecture
        • Jinchuan District
    		Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128.
    • Hebei Province
      • Chengde Prefecture
        • Chengde Co.
          • Damiao village
    		Yu Zuxiang (1997): Acta Geologia Sinica 71(4), 329-331.
        • Fengning Co.
    		Yu Zuxiang (1982): Bull. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 4, 78–81.
    Yu Zuxiang, Lin Shujen, Chao Pao, Fang Chingsung, and Huang Chishun (1974): Acta Geologica Sinica 48(2), 202-218.
        • Longhua Co.
    		Chen Keqiao, Yang Huifang, Ma Letian and Peng Zhizhong (1981): Dizhi Pinglun 27, 107-115.
        • Luan River (Luan He) valley
    		Yu Zuxiang (1997): Acta Geologica Sinica 71(4), 486-490.
        • Xinglong Co.
    		Yu Zuxiang (1996): Acta Geologica Sinica 70(4), 309-314.
      • Tangshan Prefecture
        • Zunhua Co.
    		Yu Zuxiang (1981): Geological Review 27, 55-71.
    • Heilongjiang Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Yichun Prefecture
        • Hongxing District
    		http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of03-220/DATABASE/lode_deposits.txt
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Hohhot (Huhehaote) League
        • Wuchuan Co.
    		Chen Keqiao, Yang Huifang, Ma Letian, and Peng Zhizhong (1981): Dizhi Lunping [Geological Review] 27(2), 108-115.
    • Sichuan Province
      • Garzê (Ganzi) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Danba Co.
          • Yangliuping dome
    		Dunn, P.J., Chao, G.Y., Grice, J.D, Ferraiolo, J.A., Fleischer, M., Pabst, A., and Zilczer, J.A. (1985): American Mineralogist 69, 565-569.; Xieyan Song, Meifu Zhou, Zhimin Cao, Min Sun, and Yunliang Wang (2003): Mineralium Deposita 38, 831-843
    Xieyan Song, Meifu Zhou, Zhimin Cao, Min Sun, and Yunliang Wang (2003): Mineralium Deposita 38, 831-843
      • Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Huili Co.
    		http://www.the-conference.com/2003/Gold2003/abstracts/A560.pdf
      • Panzhihua Prefecture
        • Miyi Co.
        • Panzhihua City
    		Hong Zhong, Xinhua Zhou, Meifu Zhou, Min Sun, and Bingguang Liu (2002): Mineralium Deposita 37(2), 226-239
      • Ya'an Prefecture
        • Shimian Co.
    		http://www.the-conference.com/2003/Gold2003/abstracts/A560.pdf
    • Tibet Autonomous Region
      • Nagchu (Naqu) Prefecture
        • Amdo (Anduo) Co.
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Aletai (Altay) Prefecture
          • Fuyun Co.
    		Zuoheng Zhang, Jingwen Mao, Andao Du, Pirajno, F., Zhiliang Wang, Fengmei Chai, Zhaochong Zhang, and Jianmin Yang (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, in press.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Ústí Region
        • Šluknov (Schluckenau)
    		Vavřín, I., Frýda, J.: Pt-Pd-As-Te mineralizace na ložiskách měďnato-niklových rud z Kunratic a Rožan na Šluknovsku. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 1998, 73, 2, p. 177-180.
    Vavřín, I., Frýda, J.: Pt-Pd-As-Te mineralizace na ložiskách měďnato-niklových rud z Kunratic a Rožan na Šluknovsku. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 1998, 73, 2, p. 177-180.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Havlíčkův Brod
    		Vavřín, I.: Přehled mineralogie, geochemie a ložisek platinových kovů. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 132-140.
    Ethiopia
     
    • Wallaga (Welega; Wollega; Ouallega) Province
      • Assosa region
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Finland
     
    • Itä-Suomen Lääni
    		No reference listed
    • Lapin (Lapland) Lääni
      • Koillismaa Complex
      • Sodankylä
    No reference listed
    • Oulun (Oulu) Lääni
      • Nivala
    		K.K. Kojonen et al.: Can. Mineral. 42:539-544 (2004)
    Germany
     
    • Saxony
      • Oberlausitz
        • Sohland
    		Ramdohr, P. (1955): Die Erzmineralien und ihre Verwachsungen.- Berlin, p. 866
    India
     
    • Orissa
    		No reference listed
    Indonesia
     
    • Borneo
      • Kalimantan Tengah Province (South Kalimantan Province)
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
    		AA.VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Sorachi Province
    		Urashima et al (1976) Kouzan Chishitsu, 26, 48-49.
    Madagascar
     
    • Mahajanga (Majunga) Province
      • Betsiboka Region
        • Andriamena area
    		[AmMin 85:265]
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
          • Bou Azzer District
            • Bleida
    		http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/article?title=bleida&title_type=tka&year_from=1998&year_to=2008&database=1&pageSize=20&index=1
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Southland
    		www.med.govt.nz/crown_minerals/minerals/docs/comreports/report05_pgm.pdf.
    Norway
     
    • Finnmark
      • Karasjok (Kárásjohka)
    		Bjørlykke (1966, p. 47); Neumann (1985, pp. 9 and 38).
    Bjørlykke (1966, p. 47); Neumann (1985, p. 38).
    • Hordaland
      • Osterøy
        • Hosanger nickel deposits
    		J. Hysingjord (letter, 11,01,78); Neumann (1985, p. 38).
    • Nord-Trøndelag
      • Grong
        • Grong ore field
    		Grønlie, A. (1988): "Platinum-group minerals in the Lillefjellklumpen nickel-copper deposit, Nord-Trøndelag, norway". Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68,65-72 + Neumann (1985, p. 38).
    • Nordland
      • Beiarn
        • Eiterjorda (Eiterjord)
    		Pauly (letter 09.12.52); Neumann (1985, p. 38).
    • Rogaland
      • Karmøy
    		J. Hysingjord (letter, 11.01.78); Neumann (1985, p. 38).
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
    		www.cosis.net/abstracts/EAE03/14099/EAE03-A-14099.pdf.
        • Taimyr Autonomous Region (Taymyrskiy Okrug)
          • Taimyr Peninsula
            • Putoran Plateau
              • Noril'sk
    		No reference listed
    MinRec 31:32
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Aldan Shield
          • Aldan
    [AmMin 85:199]
    Mineralogical Magazine 68:871 -- 885
          • Torgo River Basin
            • Davan
              • Chara River (Charo River)
    		[Lapis 1993:4 p.13-20]
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
    		Can Min (2002) 40, (2), 679-692
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Bodaibo Region
    		http://www.igem.ru/igem/chem/pt/sukhloge.htm
      • Tuva Republic
        • Sayan Mts
    		No reference listed
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Amurskaya Oblast'
    		Stepanov, V.A., Rogulina, L.I., Melnikov, A.V., and Yusupov, D.V. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 619-623.
      • Kamchatka Oblast'
    [CanMin 38 p1251-1264 "The association of platinum-group minerals in placers of the Pustaya River, Kamchatka, Russia"]
      • Khabarovskiy Kray
        • Ayan-Maya district
          • Aldan shield
    		Cabri, L.J., Laflamme, H.H. Giles, (1997), Platinum Group Minerals from the Konder Massif, Russian Far East, Min Rec. 28, 97-106
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
        • Oulanka plutonic complex
          • Olanga (Oulanka) River
    		A. Yu. Barkov et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 311-316.
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Monche-Tundra
    		http://www.duke.edu/~boudreau/9thPtSymposium/Grokhovskaya_Abstract.pdf
    http://www.duke.edu/~boudreau/9thPtSymposium/Grokhovskaya_Abstract.pdf
    http://www4.geology.utoronto.ca/faculty/mungall/Website/igcp479northasia/dp803.html.
    South Africa
     
    • Eastern Cape Province
      • Transkei
        • Pondoland
          • Insizwa
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Free State Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Limpopo Province
    		www.bgr.de/b423/oberthuer_ptconf_pgm_bushveld.pdf.
        • Burgersfort
          • Sekhukhuneland
    		Minerals of South Africa
        • Merensky Reef
          • Eastern limb
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Mpumalanga Province
    		www.cosis.net/abstracts/EAE03/11407/EAE03-A-11407.pdf.
        • Lydenburg District
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
        • Potgietersrust
    		Minerals of South Africa; Am Min 68:11-12 pp 1249-1254
    http://www.minsoc.org.za/pubs/BaseMetals2003.pdf
      • Witwatersrand field
        • West Rand
    		http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~buero62/minpet/malitch/4IASMalitch.pdf
    • Northwest Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Rustenburg District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Málaga
        • Ojén
    		Mineralogy and Petrology: 56: 25-50.
    • Catalonia
      • Tarragona
        • Conca de Barberà
          • Vimbodí
            • Poblet Monastery
    		C.. Canet et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, 2003, V41, pp. 581-595
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Borlänge
        • Smedsbo
    		No reference listed
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Wigtownshire)
        • Newton Stewart
    		MinMag 68(2):395-411
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Bethel Borough
        • Goodnews Bay
          • Salmon River - Red Mountain District
    		USGS Open-File Report 01-269
    USGS Open-File Report 01-269
    USGS Open-File Report 01-269
    • California
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Klamath River Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Maine
      • Knox Co.
        • Union
    		Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998, Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd edition, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta.
        • Warren
    		Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998, Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd edition, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta.
    • Minnesota
      • Lake Co.
        • Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Montana
      • Jefferson Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Sanders Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Green Mountain Mine
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Stillwater Co.
    		Talkington and Lipin, Econ. Geol. Vol. 81, 1986
      • Sweet Grass Co.
        • Stillwater Complex
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Bunkerville District
          • Whitney Pocket Basin
    		Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999.
    • New Mexico
      • Taos Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • North Carolina
      • Macon Co.
    		Wilson,W.F and McKenzie,B.J,1978,Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina
        • Mason Mountain
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S Geological Survey,2005,Mineral Resources Data System:U.S Geological Survey,Reston,Virginia
    • Wyoming
      • Albany Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals 76:382
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; R.R. Loucks, M.E. McCallum (1980) Platinum-group minerals in the New Rambler copper-nickel deposit, Wyoming: A preliminary report. ft Sulphosalts, Platinum Minerals and Ore Microscopy, 200-218. Proc. XI IMA Meet., Novosibirsk.(Am Min 74:1217)
      • Carbon Co.
        • Encampment District
          • Encampment
            • Red Mountain
    		Dana 7:I:293,439.
    Vietnam
     
    • Son La Province
      • Ban Phuc
    		Can Min 39, (2), 2001, 573-589
    Mineral and/or Locality
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