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Artinite

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Big Photo

Artinite pit, Clear Creek area, Picacho Peak, New Idria District, Diablo Range, San Benito Co., California, USA
© Bert Hendriksen

Show Artinite Photos (149)



Formula:
Mg
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:White; colourless in ...
Lustre:Vitreous, SilkyHardness:2½
Name:Named after Ettore Artini (1866-1928), Professor of Mineralogy, University of Milan.


Artinite is found along with hydromagnesite and other minerals as a low-temperature alteration product as veinlets or crusts in serpentinized ultrabasic rocks.

See also UM1987-01-CO:HMgS.

Classification of Artinite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/E.01-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:5.DA.10

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
D : Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
A : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:16b.3.1.1

16b : HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : AmBn(XO3)pZqxH2O & with (m+n):p = 2:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:11.3.6

11 : Carbonates
3 : Carbonates of Mg
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Type Occurrence of Artinite

Type Locality:Franscia Mine, Campo Franscia, Lanterna Valley, Malenco Valley, Sondrio Province, Lombardy, Italy
Year of Discovery:1902

Occurrences of Artinite

Geological Setting:Low-temperature hydrothermal environments as veinlets or crusts along fracture surfaces in serpentinized ultrabasic rocks.

Physical Properties of Artinite

Lustre:Vitreous, Silky
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Comment:Fibrous aggregates silky.
Colour:White; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):2½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
On {100} perfect; on {001} good.
Density (measured):2.01 - 2.03 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.047 g/cm3

Crystallography of Artinite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 16.56Å, b = 3.15Å, c = 6.22Å
β = 99.15°
Ratio:a:b:c = 5.257 : 1 : 1.975
Unit Cell Volume:V 320.33 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Forms crusts of acicular crystals, elongated [010]. Also botryoidal masses of silky fibers; spherical aggregates of radiating fibers; cross-fiber veinlets.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
8.18 (30)
5.34 (65)
3.69 (50)
2.736 (100)
2.672 (20)
2.271 (20)
2.210 (40)

Optical Data of Artinite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.488 - 1.489 nβ = 1.533 - 1.534 nγ = 1.556 - 1.557
2V:Measured: 71° , Calculated: 68°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.068

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Low
Dispersion:none
Comments:Optic axis nearly perpendicular to {100}.

Chemical Properties of Artinite

Formula:
Mg
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
Essential elements:C, H, Mg, O
All elements listed in formula:C, H, Mg, O

Relationship of Artinite to other Species

Common Associates:
PyroauriteMagnesiteHydromagnesiteDolomiteChrysotile
CalciteBruciteAragonite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
5.DA.05Dypingite
Mg
 
5
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
5.DA.05Giorgiosite
Mg
 
5
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 5-6H
 
2
O
5.DA.05Hydromagnesite
Mg
 
5
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.05Widgiemoolthalite
Ni
 
5
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
5.DA.05UM1986-10-CO:ClHMgMnZn
Mg
 
5
(Zn,Mn)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH,Cl)
 
12
 · H
 
2
O
5.DA.05UM1987-01-CO:HMgS
Mg
 
4
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O ?
5.DA.10Indigirite
Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 15H
 
2
O
5.DA.10Chlorartinite
Mg
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)Cl · 2H
 
2
O
5.DA.15Otwayite
Ni
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
5.DA.15Zaratite
Ni
 
3
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.20Kambaldaite
NaNi
 
4
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
 · 3H
 
2
O
5.DA.25Callaghanite
Cu
 
2
Mg
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
5.DA.30Claraite
(Cu,Zn)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.35Hydroscarbroite
Al
 
14
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
36
 · nH
 
2
O
5.DA.35Scarbroite
Al
 
5
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
13
 · 5H
 
2
O
5.DA.40Caresite
Fe
2+
4
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
12
[CO
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
5.DA.40Quintinite
Mg
 
4
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
12
[CO
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
5.DA.40Charmarite
Mn
2+
4
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
12
[CO
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
5.DA.45Stichtite-2H
Mg
 
6
(Cr,Al)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
16
 · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.45Brugnatellite
Mg
 
6
Fe
3+
 
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
13
 · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.45Chlormagaluminite
Mg
 
4
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
12
Cl
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
5.DA.45Hydrotalcite-2H
Mg
 
6
Al
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
16
 · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.45Pyroaurite-2H
Mg
 
6
Fe
3+
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
16
 · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.45Zaccagnaite
Zn
 
4
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
12
[CO
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
5.DA.50Comblainite
Ni
 
4
Co
 
2
(OH)
 
12
[CO
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
5.DA.50Desautelsite
Mg
 
6
Mn
3+
2
(OH)
 
16
[CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.50Hydrotalcite
Mg
 
6
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
16
[CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.50Pyroaurite
Mg
 
6
Fe
3+
2
(OH)
 
16
[CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.50Reevesite
Ni
 
6
Fe
3+
2
(OH)
 
16
(CO
 
3
) · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.50Stichtite
Mg
 
6
Cr
 
2
(OH)
 
16
[CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.50Takovite
Ni
 
6
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
16
[CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.50UM1998-10-CO:CoHNi
Co
 
6
Fe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
16
 · 4H
 
2
O ?
5.DA.55Coalingite
Mg
 
10
Fe
3+
2
(OH)
 
24
[CO
 
3
] · 2H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
11.3.1Magnesite
MgCO
 
3
11.3.2Barringtonite
MgCO
 
3
 · 2H
 
2
O
11.3.3Nesquehonite
MgCO
 
3
 · 3H
 
2
O
11.3.4Lansfordite
MgCO
 
3
 · 5H
 
2
O
11.3.5Pokrovskite
Mg
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
11.3.7Hydromagnesite
Mg
 
5
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
11.3.8Giorgiosite
Mg
 
5
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 5-6H
 
2
O
11.3.9Dypingite
Mg
 
5
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
11.3.10Eitelite
Na
 
2
Mg(CO
 
3
)
 
2
11.3.11Mcguinnessite
(Mg,Cu)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2

Other Names for Artinite

Other Languages:
Catalan:Artinita
German:Artinit
Italian:Artinite
Japanese:アルチニ石
Russian:Артинит
Spanish:Artinita

Other Information

Other Information:Readily soluble with effervescence in cold acids.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:None.

References for Artinite

Reference List:

- +
Brugnatelli (1902) 1st. Lombardo, Rendus: 35: 869.

Brugnatelli (1903) 1st. Lombardo, Rendus: 36: 824.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 42.

Fenoglio (1927) Soc. geol. ital., Boll.: 46: 13.

Lincio (1930) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Att., Rome: 11: 420.

Fenoglio, M. (1936) Periodico de Mineralogia-Roma: 7: 47.

Meixner (1938) Zentralblatt Mineralien: Abteil A: 5.

Heritsch (1940) Zentralblatt Mineralien: Abteil A: 25.

Fenoglio, M. (1942) Nuove ricerche sulla simmetria e struttura dell'artinite. . Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma pp. 1- 10.

Hurlbut (1946) American Mineralogist: 31: 365.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 263-264.

Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 10: 297-330.

Internet Links for Artinite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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  • Artinite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Artinite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Styria
      • Fischbacher Alpen
        • St. Jakob-Breitenau
          • Eibegggraben
    		Bojar, H.-P. & Postl, W. (2005)
      • Leoben
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264.
    Meixner, H. (1950): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2(3), 195-209.
          • St Stefan
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993); Meixner (1973)
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Chaudière-Appalaches
        • Les Appalaches RCM
          • Thetford Mines
            • Black Lake
    		Sabina (1967)
      • Estrie
        • Les Sources RCM
          • Asbestos
    		Horváth & Spertini (2008 & 2009)
      • Outaouais
        • Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais RCM
          • Wakefield
    		Sabina, A.P. (1987) Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Hull-Maniwaki, Quebec, Ottawa-Peterborough, Ontario. GSC Misc. Report 41, 34-35 p.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • South Moravia Region
        • Oslavany
          • Hrubšice
    		KOVÁŘ O., LOSOS Z., (2005): Artinit z hadcového lomu u Biskoupek u Oslavan, západní Morava – nový minerál pro Českou republiku. – Bull. mineral.-petrolog. Odd. Nár. Muz., 13, 137-139, Praha.
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Céret
          • Prats de Mollo-La Preste (Prats de Molló-La Presta)
    		Goujou J-C., Guitard G., Berbain C. (2000), Le massif de Costabonne, 2464 m (Pyrénées-Orientales), Le Règne Minéral, n°32, pp: 5-12
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Hillesheim
          • Zilsdorf
    		Beyer, H., Eine Magnesium-Mineralparagenese als Folge primärer biologischer Stoffanlage und sekundärem vulkanischen Erhitzungsprozeß am Arensberg / Eifel, Der Aufschluß SB 30, 1980
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Sounion area
            • Sounion Mines
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999); J. Gröbner und U. Kolitsch (2002): Neufunde von Laurion aus den Jahren 2001 und 2002. Aufschluss 53 (5-6), 363-371.
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Châtillon
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Cogne Valley
        • Cogne
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264.
      • Emarese
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264; Del Caldo A.,Moro C.,Gramaccioli C.M.,Boscardin M.-Guida ai Minerali-Fratelli Fabbri Editori (1973)
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Emilia-Romagna
      • Parma Province
        • Albareto
          • Taro Valley
    		Enrico Bonacina specimen
        • Borgo Val di Taro
    		GMPNP collection
    GMPNP collection; Pellecchia, M. & Mavris, C. (2012): Artinite e altri carbonati nella valle del fiume Taro, Parma. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1/2012, 10-17.
        • Taro Valley
          • Borgo Val di Taro
    		GMPNP collection
    • Latium
      • Rome Province
    		Caponera, I., Fiori, S. Pucci, R. (2004): Ritrovemento di artinite nel complesso vulcanico dei Colli Albani (RM). Il Cercapietre, 1-2/2004, 31-36.
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Borzoli
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264; Giuseppe Pipino - L'antica miniera di Monte Ramazzo e i suoi minerali - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, vol. 8, fasc. 3, 1977
      • La Spezia Province
        • Carro
    		M. Boscardin - Informazioni di mineralogia italiana - Notizie del Guppo Min. Lombardo - 7, March 1970, p. 5 - (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana)
    M. Boscardin - Informazioni di mineralogia italiana - Notizie del Guppo Min. Lombardo - 7, March 1970, p. 5 - (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana)
    • Lombardy
      • Bergamo Province
        • Cene
          • Rossa Valley
    		Gianni Peracchi collection
      • Sondrio Province
        • Malenco Valley
          • Ciappanico
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
          • Lanterna Valley
            • Campo Franscia
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264; De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264.
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Varaita Valley
          • Sampeyre
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Torino Province
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Viù Valley
              • Viù
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Ala
          • Pilcante
    		"Guida mineralogica d'Italia - I vol." V. De Michele, M. Boscardin, G. Scaini pp. 192-194. Ist. Geografico De Agostini Novara - 1975
        • Fiemme Valley
          • Predazzo
            • Canzoccoli
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza Province
        • Calvene
    		Boscardin M.,Daleffe A.,Rocchetti I., Zordan A. (2011) " Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni " Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato” – Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza), pp.183
        • Cogollo del Cengio
          • Astico Valley
    		M. Boscardin: Località mineralogiche consigliate: Le cave della val d'Astico - Notizie del Guppo Min. Lombardo - 10, Dec 1970, p. 7 - (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana)
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Aichi prefecture
          • Shinshiro city
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Nelson
    		Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection
    Norway
     
    • Sør-Trøndelag
      • Oppdal
    		Tor Witsø pers. com to Knut Edvard Larsen 2001
        • Vinstradalen
    		Witsø, T. (2005): Mineraler i Vinstradalen, Oppdal. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter 30: 72-73
    Republic of Macedonia
     
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264.
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Satka District
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Brezno Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Bregaglia Valley (Bergell)
        • Forno Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 54
    Turkey
     
    • Eastern Anatolia Region
      • Erzurum Province
        • Kop Daglari
    		Dietrich, R. and Medenbach, O. (1978): Kämmererite from the Kop Krom mine, Kop Daglan (Turkey). Mineralogical Record. 9(5), 277-287.
    USA
     
    • California
      • Alameda Co.
        • Hayward
    		Harris E. Mason specimen and photo
      • Fresno Co.
        • Coalinga
    		Mumpton, F.A. Jaffe, H.W., and Thompson, C.S. (1965) Coalingite, a new mineral from the New Idria serpentinite, Fresno and San Benito counties, California. American Mineralogist: 50: 1895; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 200.
        • Coalinga area
          • Condon Peak
            • East of Condon Peak
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 88; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 201.
        • Diablo Range
          • New Idria District
            • New Idria Mine area
    		American Mineralogist 1965: 50: 1893-1913.
      • San Benito Co.
        • Diablo Range
    		American Mineralogist 1965: 50: 1893-1913.; Cisneros, S.L. (1977): Artinite from San Benito County. Mineralogical Record. 8: 457-460
    Moller, W.P. (1965) Minerals of southern San Benito County, California. Gems and Minerals: 331: 28-32; O’Neil, J.R. and Barnes, I. (1971) C13 and O18 compositions in some fresh-water carbonates associated with ultramafic rocks and serpentinites; western United States. Geochimica et Cosmochmica Acta: 35: 694; Cisneros, S.L., R.E. Witkowski & D.L. Oswald (1977), Artinite from San Benito County, California: Mineralogical Record: 7: 457-460; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 201.
            • Picacho Peak
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 88; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 201.
              • Clear Creek area
    		www.benitoitemine.com / Cisneros, S.L.; Witkowski, R.E. & Oswald, D.L. (1977): Artinite from San Benito County, California. Mineralogical Record 8, 457-460
    Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 88; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 201.
            • San Benito Mountain Natural Area
              • San Benito Peak (San Benito Mountain)
                • West of San Benito Peak
    		Cisneros, S.L., R.E. Witkowski & D.L. Oswald (1977), Artinite from San Benito County, California: Mineralogical Record: 7: 457-460; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 201.
    • Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Fitting District
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264.
      • Nye Co.
        • Gabbs District
    		Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999
    • New Jersey
      • Hudson Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264.
    • New York
      • New York City
        • Staten Island (Richmond Co.)
    		Sloan, 1975. Minerals & Gem Trails of NY, NJ, PA, CT (4th ed.); Rocks & Minerals 82:472-483
    Steve Okulewicz
    Rocks & Minerals (1968) 43:643-647
    • Vermont
      • Orleans & Lamoille Cos.
        • Lowell & Eden
    		Rocks & Minerals: 21: 490; Rocks & Minerals: 22: 925; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264; Rocks & Minerals (1996): 71.
      • Orleans Co.
        • Westmore
    		Rocks & Minerals (1996): vol. 71.
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