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Strengite

Big Photo

Indian Mountain, Cherokee Co., Alabama, USA
© Saul Krotki 2004

Show Strengite Photos (356)
Formula:
FePO
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
System:OrthorhombicColour:Purple, violet, pink, ...
Hardness:3½ - 4
Name:Named after Johann August Streng (1830-1897), Professor of Mineralogy, University of Giessen, Germany.


Variscite Group. Variscite-Strengite Series.

Classification of Strengite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/C.09-60
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.CD.10

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:2
Dana 8th edition ID:40.4.1.2

40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
4 : (AB)5(XO4)2·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.13.2

19 : Phosphates
13 : Phosphates of Fe alone
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Type Occurrence of Strengite

Type Locality:Eleonore Mine, Rodheim-Bieber, Wetzlar, Hesse, Germany
Year of Discovery:1877

Occurrences of Strengite

Geological Setting:Secondary mineral formed under surface or near-surface conditions by the alteration of iron-bearing phosphates, such as Triphylite in pegmatite, or Dufrenite, or may occur in limonite ore deposits and gossans, magnetite iron ores, or rarely as a cave mineral.

Physical Properties of Strengite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Purple, violet, pink, peach-blossom-red, carmine, greenish white, colorless; Colourless to pale pink in transmitted light.
Streak:white
Hardness (Mohs):3½ - 4
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Good on {010}, poor on {001}
Density (measured):2.84 - 2.87 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.84 g/cm3

Crystallography of Strengite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Pbca (P21/b 21/c 21/a)
Cell Parameters:a = 8.7233(7) Å, b = 9.886(1) Å, c = 10.122(1) Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.882 : 1 : 1.024
Unit Cell Volume:V 872.91 ų
Z:8
Morphology:Crystals octahedral {111}; thick to thin tabular {001}; stout prismatic [100] or [010]. May be lathlike, radial fibrous, botyroidal or spherical aggregates and crusts.
Twinning:Rarely on {201}
Crystal Atlas:
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Strengite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Strengite no.3 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Optical Data of Strengite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.697 - 1.708 nβ = 1.708 - 1.719 nγ = 1.741 - 1.745
2V:Calculated: 72° to 88°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.044

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:relatively strong r < v

Chemical Properties of Strengite

Formula:
FePO
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Fe, H, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, O, P
Common Impurities:Al

Relationship of Strengite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Variscite (see here)
Related to:
  • Variscite Group
    • Common Associates:
    VivianiteRockbridgeitePhosphosideriteLimoniteFrondelite
    DufréniteCacoxeniteBerauniteApatite
    Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

    - +
    8.CD.05Kolbeckite
    ScPO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    8.CD.05Metavariscite
    AlPO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    8.CD.05Phosphosiderite
    FePO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    8.CD.05UM2005-02-AsO:AlHPScSi
    ScAsO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    8.CD.10Mansfieldite
    AlAsO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    8.CD.10Scorodite
    Fe
    3+
     
    		AsO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    8.CD.10Variscite
    AlPO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    8.CD.10Yanomamite
    InAsO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    8.CD.15Parascorodite
    Fe
    3+
     
    		AsO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    8.CD.20Ludlamite
    (Fe,Mn,Mg)
     
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    8.CD.25Sterlinghillite
    Mn
     
    3
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    8.CD.30Rollandite
    Cu
     
    3
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

    - +
    19.13.1Barbosalite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    19.13.3Phosphosiderite
    FePO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    19.13.4Dufrénite
    Ca
     
    0.5
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    19.13.5Giniite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    19.13.6Whitmoreite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		 · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    19.13.7Tinticite
    Fe
    3+
    4
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    		 · 5H
     
    2
    		O
    19.13.8Ferristrunzite
    Fe
    3+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    3
    		 · 5H
     
    2
    		O
    19.13.9Ferrostrunzite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 6H
     
    2
    		O
    19.13.10Beraunite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		] · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    19.13.11Vivianite
    Fe
    2+
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·8H
     
    2
    		O
    19.13.12Metavivianite
    Fe
    2+
    3-x
    		Fe
    3+
    x
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)x·(8-x)H
     
    2
    		O

    Other Names for Strengite

    Other Languages:
    German:Strengit
    Russian:Штренгит
    Spanish:Strengita
    Varieties:
    Aluminian Strengite

    Other Information

    Other Information:Soluble in HCl but not in HNO3.
    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Strengite

    Reference List:Zepharovich (1867) Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Sitzber.: 56: 20 (as Barrandite).

    Nies (1877) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 8-16.

    Schaller, Waldemar Theodore (1913), The refractive indices of strengite: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science: 3: 249.

    Laubmann and Steinmetz (1920) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 55: 542-546.

    Goldschmidt, V. (1922) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 8: 89.

    de Jesus (1935) Com. Serv. Geol. Portugal: 19: 65.

    Himmel and Schroeder (1935) Zentralblatt Mineralien: 289.

    Kokkoros (1938) Prakt. Ac. Athénes: 13: 337 (Min. Abs. (1941): 8: 140).

    McConnell (1940) American Mineralogist: 25: 719.

    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 756-761.

    Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2000) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume IV. Arsenates, Phosphates, Vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 680pp.: 567.

    Song, Y., Zavalij, P. Y., Suzuki, M. & Whittingham, M. S. (2002): New iron(III) phosphate phases: crystal structure and electrochemical and magnetic properties. Inorganic Chemistry 41, 5778-5786.

    Taxer, K. and Bartl, H. (2004): On the dimorphy between the variscite and clinovariscite group: refined finestructural relationship of strengite and clinostrengite, Fe(PO4) • 2H2O. Crystal Research and Technology 39, 1080-1088.

    Internet Links for Strengite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Strengite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Strengite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Strengite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Córdoba
      • Punilla Department
        • Tanti
    		No reference listed
    Mr. Nelson Valenzuela.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
    		Australian Min. 3:1 (1997)
    Australian Min. 3:1 (1997)
    [UKJMM 19:28]
    • South Australia
      • Eyre peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    		No reference listed
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Barossa Valley
            • Angaston
      • Olary Province
        • Bimbowrie Station
    		Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol.3, N°2, Dec.1997
    Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol.3, N°2, Dec.1997
        • Outalpa Station
    • Tasmania
      • Fingal valley
        • Avoca District
    		Bottrill & Baker in prep
      • Southern Islands
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    • Victoria
      • Gippsland
        • Hoddle Range
          • Fish Creek
    		No reference listed
      • Lake Boga
    		No reference listed
      • Mansfield
      • Wangaratta
    Austria
     
    • Styria
      • Koralpe Mts
        • Modriach
          • Herzogberg Mt.
    		Aufschluss 1972(SB), 40-41
    Belgium
     
    • Hainaut (Henegouwen; Hennegau) Province
      • Mons
        • Blaton
    		D.R. Peacor, P.J. Dunn, W.B. Simmons, R.A. Ramik (1987) Ferristrunzite, a new member of the strunzite group, from Blaton, Belgium. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Mon., 453-457.
    • Liège Province
      • Visé
    		1./ A.M. Fransolet, J Jedwab and R. Van Tassel, 1974, Inventaire minéralogique de Richelles, Belgique, Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique, Tome 27, pp. 23-26.
    Bolivia
     
    • Potosí Department
      • Sud Chichas Province
        • Atocha-Quechisla District
    		Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz)
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Doce valley
          • Divino das Laranjeiras
            • Linópolis
    		fabreminerals specimen
    A. M. I. Martins collection
          • Galiléia
    		Krister collection
            • Sapucaia do Norte
    		AmMin 89:1087
    Mineralogical Record: 30: 347.
    Bulgaria
     
    • Haskovo Oblast (Khaskovo Oblast)
      • Rhodope Mts
    		Kunov, A. & Mandova, E. (1997): Supergene minerals of the Obichnik Au-Ag deposit (Eastern Rhodopes). Spisanie na Bulgarskoto Geologichesko Druzhestvo 58, 19-24. (in Bulgarian)
    Cameroon
     
    • Adamaoua Region
      • Adamaoua Plateau (Adamawa Plateau)
    		F. Pillard : "Contribution à l'étude de l'altération de la vivianite : cas de la vivianite d'Anloua (Cameroun)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans University, 1984.
    Canada
     
    • Yukon Territory
      • Dawson Mining District
    		[Mineralogical Record Vol 23 No.4 pp37]
    Chile
     
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Iquique Province
        • Collahuasi District
    		Sulphides analysed by geology dep. of company; sulphates, phosphates, analysed by Bob Jenkins (Usa) 2007
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Beroun (Beraun)
          • Svatá Dobrotivá (St Benigna)
    		Duda, Rejl, Slivka: "Mineralien", 1991
        • Hořovice (Horschowitz; Horowitz)
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 964; Pauliš, P.: Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech. Kutná Hora: Kuttna, 2000, s. 101.
        • Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)
    		Povondra, P., Pivec, E. (eds.) et al.: Přibyslavice peraluminuous granite. Acta universitatis carolinae, Geologica, 1987, no. 3, s . 183 – 283.
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Horní Slavkov (Schlaggenwald)
          • Krásno
    		Sejkora, J., Škoda, R., Ondruš, P., Beran, P. & Susser, C. (2006): Mineralogy of phosphate accumulations in the Huber stock, Krásno ore district, Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 103-147.
            • Vysoký Kámen
    		Sejkora, J., Süsser, C., Plášil, J.: Natrodufrénit a asociace fosfátů, ložisko Vysoký kámen – greisen, Krásno u Horního Slavkova. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2007, roč. 14-15, s. 116-125; Sejkora, J., Ondruš, P., Fikar, M., Veselovský, F., Mach, Z. & Gabašová, A. (2006): New data on mineralogy of the Vysoký Kámen deposits near Krásno, Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 43-55.
      • Plzeň Region
        • Domažlice (Taus)
    		Weber, A.: Fosfáty z pegmatitů jz. Čech. Rozpravy II. třídy České akademie, 1948, roč. 58, č. 1.
        • Rokycany (Rokitzan; Rokytzan)
    		Janouš, F.: Minerály z Kněží hory u Těškova (okres Rokycany), Minerál, 1995, roč. 3, č. 6, s. 367-369.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Velké Meziříčí
    		Škoda, R., Staněk, J., Čopjaková, R.: Minerální asociace fosfátových nodulí z granitického pegmatitu od Cyrilova u Velkého Meziříčí, Moldanubikum; část 1 – primární a exsoluční fáze. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. geol., 2007, 92, 59-74.
    Finland
     
    • Etelä-Suomen Lääni
      • Orivesi
        • Eräjärvi area
    		No reference listed
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Allier
        • Ébreuil
          • Échassières
    		Queneau Patrice collection
    Pierre Le Roch & Jean-Marc Johannet collections
    • Brittany
      • Morbihan
        • Plumelin
    		Le Roc'h P., Bocianowski M. ((2001), La carrière de la Lande, Plumelin (Morbihan), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°72, pp: 7-10
    • Limousin
      • Creuse
        • Boussac
          • Montebras-en-Soumans
    		No reference listed
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Bessines-sur-Gartempe
    		http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jeldemine/listes%20mineraux.html
        • Razès
          • Chanteloube
            • Vilatte Quarries (La Vilate)
    		http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jeldemine/nord.html
    Boisson, J. M. (1988) - Les monts d'Ambazac, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, (2), 3-33.
    http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jeldemine/listes%20mineraux.html
        • Saint-Sylvestre
    		http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jeldemine/liste%20mineraux%20sud.html
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Tarn
        • Castelnau-de-Brassac
          • Fumade
    		Queneau Patrice collection
    French Guiana
     
    [var: Aluminian Strengite] Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 760.
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German)
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Zwiesel
            • Rabenstein
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Auerbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Nitzlbuch (Nitzelbuch)
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Plößberg
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Pleystein
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 125, 760.
    DILL, H.G., MELCHER, F., GERDES, A. and WEBER, B. (2008): The origin and zoning of hypogene and supergene Fe-Mn-Mg-Sc-U-REE-Zn phosphate mineralization from the newly discovered Trutzhofmühle aplite (Hagendorf pegmatite province, Germany). Canadian Mineralogist 46, 1131-1157.
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
          • Waldmünchen
            • Althütte
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Hesse
      • Odenwald
        • Heppenheim
          • Kirschhausen
    		A. Wittern: Mineralfundorte in Deutschland, Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
      • Taunus Mts
        • Bremthal
    		Dana 6:823.
      • Wetzlar
        • Rodheim-Bieber
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Palache, C., Berman, H. & Frondel, C. (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition: 644; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 760, 935; Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Waldgirmes
    		Dana 6: 797, 823; Dana 7:II:874, 960.
        • Weilburg
          • Essershausen
    		Blaß, G. (2002): Eine neue Phosphatmineralien-Paragenese von der Grube Mark bei Essershausen, mittleres Lahngebiet, Taunus. Mineralien-Welt, 13 (6), 18-43. (in German)
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Arnsberg
          • Uentrop
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Meschede
          • Bestwig
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Sundern
          • Hellefeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Warstein
          • Hirschberg
    		D. Pawlowski: "Mineralfundstellen im Sauerland", Weise (Munich), 1991
      • Wuppertal
        • Aprath castle
    		Emser Hefte 1988(4), 35-40
    • Saxony
      • Oberlausitz
        • Görlitz
          • Rengersdorf
    		T. Witzke & T. Giesler (1997): Neufunde aus Sachsen (VI): Churchit-(Y), Cyrilovit, Faustit, Kidwellit, Meurigit und Nickelhexahydrit aus der Lausitz.- Lapis 22, 9, 36-38
    • Thuringia
      • Vogtland
        • Hirschberg
          • Ullersreuth
    		T. Witzke et al.: Lapis 2001(12), 13-27
    Lapis, 26 (12), page 13-27
    Iran
     
    • East Azarbaijan Province
      • Takab (Takan Tepe)
    		Daliran, F. (2008): The carbonate rock-hosted epithermal gold deposit of Agdarreh, Takab geothermal field, NW Iran—hydrothermal alteration and mineralisation. Mineralium Deposita, 43, 383-404
    Italy
     
    • Puglia
      • Bari Province
    		Balenzano, F., Dell'Ann,a L. & Di Pierro, M. (1974a): Ricerche mineralogiche su alcuni fosfati rinvenuti nelle Grotte di Castellana (Bari): strengite alluminifera, vivianite, taranakite, brushite e idrossiapatite. Rendiconti della Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia, 30(2), 543-573.
    • Sardinia
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Gonnosfanadiga
          • Fenugu Sibiri Mine
    		Brizzi, G., Olmi, F., Sabelli, C. (1994): Gli arseniati di Pira Inferida, Gonnofanadiga (CA). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/1994, 193-206.
    • Tuscany
      • Lucca Province
        • Apuan Alps
          • Pietrasanta
            • Valdicastello Carducci
    		Senesi F., 2000. Koninckite e altri fosfati della miniera del Pollone (Valdicastello Carducci, Lucca). Riv. Miner. Ital., 1: 46-48.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Nagano Prefecture
          • Chino City
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan); Sakurai et al (1991) Mineralogical Journal, 15, 261-267.
      • Kanto Region
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Chiyoda-machi
    		pers. comm. Kotaro Watanabe
    Liberia
     
    • Bomi Co.
    		J.M.Axelrod, et al.: :Phosphate mineralization at Bomi Hill and Bambuta, Liberia, West Africa", Am. Min. 37,883-909(1952)
    Malaysia
     
    • Borneo Island
      • Sarawak
    		Mineralogical Magazine (1983): 47: 79-80.
    • Johor
      • Batu Pahat (Bandar Penggaram)
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Karibib District
        • Usakos
    		Der Aufschluss 36:117-119
    Portugal
     
    • Bragança District
      • Torre de Moncorvo
        • Carviçais
    • Évora District
      • Vila Viçosa
        • Pardais
    • Guarda District
      • Gouveia
        • Folgosinho
      • Sabugal
    		Schnorrer-Köhler (1991), Mineral Occurrences.
    • Viana do Castelo District
      • Caminha
        • Arga de Baixo/Arga de Cima
      • Ponte da Barca
    		Self-collected by Pedro Alves.
      • Ponte de Lima
      • Vila Nova de Cerveira
        • Covas
    		personal find by Pedro Alves.
    • Viseu District
      • Mangualde
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 760.
      • Vila Nova de Paiva
        • Queiriga
    		self-find, Pedro Alves collection
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    Rwanda
     
    • Western Province
      • Gatumba District
    		von Knorring, O. and Sahama, T. G. (1982): Some FeMn phosphates from the Buranga pegmatite, Rwanda. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 62, 343-352.
    Senegal
     
    • Tambacounda Region
      • Falémé River basin
        • Saraya
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Limpopo Province
      • Thabazimbi
        • Glenover carbonatite
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Nelspruit District
    		Martini, J.E.J. et al (1997), "Mbobo Mkulu Cave, South Africa", in "Cave Minerals of the World" (1997)
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Namaqualand
        • Kenhardt District
    		Minerals of South Africa
        • Steinkopf
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northwest Province
      • Ventersdorp
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Western Cape Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    South Korea
     
    • Jeollabuk-do (Cholla-pukto; Jeonrabugdo)
      • Changsu-gun
        • Kyenae-myon
    		Kinosaki, Y. (1940) Jour. Min. Soc. Korea, 23, 11.
    Spain
     
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Ciudad Real
        • Minas de Horcajo
    		Sáinz de Baranda, B., Palero, F.J., García, G. (2004): El Horcajo, las piromorfitas más famosas del mundo. Bocamina, 13, 32-68.
    • Catalonia
      • Barcelona
        • Baix Llobregat
    		F. Costa et al. , "Current Research in Geology Applied to Ore Deposits", P. Fenoll Hach-Ali et al. Editors, University of Granada, Spain, 1993.
            • Bruguers
    		Bareche, E (2005) "Els minerals de Catalunya. Segle XX" Ed. Grup Mineralògic Català, Barcelona, 269 p.
        • Vallès Oriental
          • Montcada i Reixac
    		Mineralogistes de Catalunya (1997), VII (1): 34-55
    • Extremadura
        • Zarza la Mayor
    		Rui Nunes March 2007
    Sweden
     
    • Lappland
      • Kiruna
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 760.
      • Kiruna district
        • Svappavaara
    		Augsten, R. (2009): Lapis 34, 20-23.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Liskeard District
          • Caradon & Phoenix Area (South-Eastern Bodmin Moor)
            • Linkinhorne
    		No reference listed
        • St Agnes District
          • Perranzabuloe
    		No reference listed
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Carrock Fell
    		BMS Database
            • Coombe Height
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Alabama
      • Calhoun Co.
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
    Min Rec 1995 26:475-499
      • Cherokee Co.
    		Min.Rec.:20(5):361; Rocks & Min.: 64:203.
    Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
    Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
      • Shelby Co.
    		chris bryant
    • Arizona
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Eureka District
          • Hillside
            • Bagdad Mine area
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 384; Peacor, D., et al (1984, Paulkerrite, a new titanium phosphate from AZ, Min.Rec.: 15: 303-307.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 340; Jahns, Richard H. (1952), Pegmatite Deposits of the White Picacho District, Maricopa and Yavapai Counties, Arizona, Arizona Bureau of Mines Bull. 162.
          • Independence Gulch
    		Jahns, R.H. (1952), Pegmatite deposits of the White Picacho district, Maricopa and Yavapai Cos., AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 98-103.
    Jahns, R.H. (1952), AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 87-90.
    • Arkansas
      • Garland Co.
        • Wilson Springs (Potash Sulfur Springs)
          • Union Carbide Mine
    		R&M 70:3 pp 154-170
      • Polk Co.
        • Shady
    		Rocks & Min.:64:297-298.
    Am Min 51:1811-1814
        • Three Oaks Gap
    		Rocks & Minerals: 63: 120.
    • California
      • El Dorado Co.
        • Slate Mt.
    		www.mineralsocal.org
      • Mono Co.
        • White Mts
          • Laws
    		No reference listed
      • San Diego Co.
        • Jacumba District
          • Mt. Tule
    		Mineralogical Record 33(5):363-407
        • Pala District
    		Jahns, R. A., and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-Bearing Pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines and Geology Special Report 7A, p. 31.
    Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World.
    • Colorado
      • Custer Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
      • Teller Co.
        • Cripple Creek District
    		Min Rec 36:2 pp143-185
    • Connecticut
      • Hartford Co.
        • Glastonbury
          • East Glastonbury
    		Rocks & Min.: 70:398
    • Florida
      • Polk Co.
        • Homeland
    		Denicourt, R., Micromounters of New England program, NE meeting program, May 1984
    • Georgia
      • Bartow Co.
        • Iron Hill District
    		Rocks & Min.:64:185; Kesler(1950).
      • Burke Co.
        • Girard District
    		Jason Smith & M.E. Ciriotti (2005) [m.ciriotti@tin.it]
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Graves Mountain
    		No reference listed
      • Polk Co.
        • Cedartown
    		Rocks & Min.: 64:203.
    Rocks & Minerals 54:4 pp161-165
    • Idaho
      • Latah Co.
        • Avon District (Mica Mountain District)
    		Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
    • Maine
      • Oxford Co.
        • Greenwood
    		No reference listed
        • Newry
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2.
    • Nevada
      • Esmeralda Co.
        • Candelaria District (Columbus District)
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Lynn District
          • Elko
    		MinRecord 26:467
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Maggie Creek District
    		MinRec 26(5):449-469.
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Iron Point District
          • Valmy
    		Dr. William S. Wise presentation to Northwest Micro Mineral Study Group on 1 May 2004, Update on Mineralogy of the Silver Coin Mine, Iron Point District, Edna Mountains, Humboldt Co., Nevada
      • Lyon Co.
        • Yerington District
          • Yerington
    		Pullman, Steven, and Thomssen, Richard, "Nevada Mineral Locality Index" Rocks & Minerals, Vol. 74 No. 6. pg. 375
      • Nye Co.
    		[var: Aluminian Strengite] Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 760.
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Bull 99B Geology and Mineral Resources of Northern Nye County, Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Northumberland District
    		MinRec 16(1):37-41.
      • Pershing Co.
        • Willard District
    		[MinRec 39:297]
    • New Hampshire
      • Cheshire Co.
        • Alstead
    		No reference listed
    Januzzi, R.E. and Seaman, David M. (1976) Mineral Localities Of Connecticut and Southern New York State and Pegmatite Minerals of the World. ; American Mineralogist 50:1698–1707
      • Grafton Co.
        • Groton
    		No reference listed
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 702.
    Rocks & Min., May 1999.
      • Strafford Co.
        • Strafford
          • Parker Mt
    		Rocks & Min. 39:355 (1964)
    • New Jersey
      • Gloucester Co.
    		Henderson, Wm. A. (1980): Mullica Hill, New Jersey. Mineralogical Record 11, 307-311
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
        • Burro Mountains District
          • Tyrone Area
    		Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Edition; D. Court Collection
    • North Carolina
      • Alamance Co.
        • Snow Camp
    		Jason B. Smith collection
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Kings Mountain District
    		No reference listed
      • Gaston Co.
        • Bessemer City
    		No reference listed
    • Pennsylvania
      • Cumberland Co.
        • Mount Holly Springs
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 760; Mineralogical Record: 11: 311.
      • Lancaster Co.
        • Caernarvon Township
          • Beartown
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 760.
    • South Carolina
      • Cherokee Co.
        • Kings Creek District
          • Kings Creek Mine
    		Rocks & Minerals 54:4 pp173-175
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Custer
    		Rocks & Min.:60:117.; Am Min (1969), 54:969-972
          • Fourmile
    		Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117; M.Wirth collection, received from John Dagenais, Vancouver University
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
          • Keystone
    		American Mineralogist (1984): 69: 380-382.
    Rocks & Minerals: 67(6): 380-388.
    • Utah
      • Box Elder Co.
        • Pilot Range
          • Lucin District
            • Lucin
    		J. Marty (1995) Minerals of the Utahlite Claim (Edison and Bird Mine), Lucin, Box Elder County, Utah. Microprobe 8-2:4-10
    • Virginia
      • Amelia Co.
        • Winterham
    		[Virginia Minerals, Vol 46:2]
      • Nelson Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Rockbridge Co.
        • Lyndhurst-Vesuvius District
    		Rocks & Min.:64:42-45 (also see Rocks & Min.:57:20-22 & 60:168); Watson(1907).
        • Midvale
          • South Mountain
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 760; Rocks & Minerals: 57: 20; Rocks and Minerals: 60: 168.
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