Stringhamite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Stringhamite
Formula:
CaCu(SiO4) · H2O
Colour:
Azure blue
Lustre:
Vitreous
Specific Gravity:
3.16 - 3.18
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Bronson Ferrin Stringham (28 July 1907, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA - 30 May 1968, Utah, USA) professor and chair of department of mineralogy, University of Utah, USA. He made important contributions to the geology of Utah and described the mineral tinticite.
This page provides mineralogical data about Stringhamite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3802
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3802:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
a312bc17-9f98-4731-8842-8ed788aa1383
IMA Classification of Stringhamite
Approved
Approval year:
1974
First published:
1976
Classification of Stringhamite
9.AE.35
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
E : Nesosilicates with additional anions (O,OH,F,H2O); cations in tetrahedral [4] coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
E : Nesosilicates with additional anions (O,OH,F,H2O); cations in tetrahedral [4] coordination
78.1.9.1
78 : Unclassified Silicates
1 : Miscellaneous
78 : Unclassified Silicates
1 : Miscellaneous
14.2.10
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
2 : Silicates of Cu
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
2 : Silicates of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Sgh | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Stringhamite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Azure blue
Density:
3.16 - 3.18 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.67 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Stringhamite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.709 nβ = 1.717 nγ = 1.729
2V:
Measured: 80° , Calculated: 80°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.020
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v weak
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
alpha - light grey blue
beta - light blue
gamma - dark blue
beta - light blue
gamma - dark blue
Comments:
X = b, Y∧c = 2.5°
Chemistry of Stringhamite
Mindat Formula:
CaCu(SiO4) · H2O
Common Impurities:
Al,Fe,Mg
Crystallography of Stringhamite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.030(2) Å, b = 16.135(3) Å, c = 5.343(1) Å
β = 102.96(1)°
β = 102.96(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.312 : 1 : 0.331
Unit Cell V:
422.59 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystal habit is strongly monoclinic with (011) and (101) being the dominate
forms, with minor (010) and (111).
forms, with minor (010) and (111).
Twinning:
All crystals are multiple-twinned
Crystallographic forms of Stringhamite
Crystal Atlas:
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0015701 | Stringhamite | Hawthorne F C (1985) The crystal structure of stringhamite Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 34 15-24 | 1985 | Christmas mine, Pinal County, Arizona, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.768 Å | (100) |
2.523 Å | (40) |
3.236 Å | (39) |
8.049 Å | (35) |
3.928 Å | (34) |
1.614 Å | (23) |
4.884 Å | (21) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Stringhamite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Blue crystals to 0.1 mm occuring with crystalline thaumasite on fracture surfaces in diopside-magnetite skarn. Also small radial aggregates of minute crystals occurring with bornite and chalcopyrite disseminated in granular diopside.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
1) National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 128031.
2) The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1976,421.
2) The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1976,421.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In fractures near a contact between quartz monzonite and limestone. Thought to have formed by reaction of copper bearing solutions with diopside.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Hindman, J.R. (1976) Stringhamite, a new calcium copper siliate from Utah. American Mineralogist: 61: 189-192.
Synonyms of Stringhamite
Other Language Names for Stringhamite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
19 photos of Stringhamite associated with Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
15 photos of Stringhamite associated with Whelanite | Cu2+2Ca6[Si6O17(OH)](CO3)(OH)3 · 2H2O |
13 photos of Stringhamite associated with Tobermorite | Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O) |
7 photos of Stringhamite associated with Kinoite | Ca2Cu2(H2O)2[Si3O10] |
6 photos of Stringhamite associated with Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
4 photos of Stringhamite associated with Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
3 photos of Stringhamite associated with Andradite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
2 photos of Stringhamite associated with Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
2 photos of Stringhamite associated with Scawtite | Ca7(Si3O9)2CO3 · 2H2O |
1 photo of Stringhamite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.AE.05 | Beryllite | Be3(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
9.AE.10 | Euclase | BeAl(SiO4)(OH) |
9.AE.15 | Sverigeite | NaMnMgSnBe2(SiO4)3(OH) |
9.AE.20 | Hodgkinsonite | Mn2+Zn2(SiO4)(OH)2 |
9.AE.25 | Gerstmannite | MnMgZn(SiO4)(OH)2 |
9.AE.30 | Clinohedrite | CaZn(SiO4) · H2O |
9.AE.40 | Katoptrite | (Mn2+,Mg)13(Al,Fe3+)4Sb5+2(SiO4)2O20 |
9.AE.45 | Yeatmanite | Zn6Mn2+9Sb5+2(SiO4)4O12 |
9.AE.50 | Sphaerobertrandite | Be3(SiO4)(OH)2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Stringhamite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3802.html
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References for Stringhamite
Reference List:
Hindman, James R. (1976) Stringhamite, a new hydrous copper calcium silicate from Utah. American Mineralogist, 61 (3-4) 189-192
Hawthorne, F. C. (1985) The crystal structure of stringhamite. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 34 (1). 15-24 doi:10.1007/bf01082454
Localities for Stringhamite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Chile | |
| Am.Min. 61:189 |
| Bob Jenkins & M. Dini collections |
Japan | |
| Nishimura et al (2001) |
USA | |
| Handbook of Mineralolgy Vol. II Silica |
Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Kampf et al. (2012) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 515. +2 other references |
| Kampf et al. (2012) |
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Christmas Mine, Christmas, Banner Mining District, Gila County, Arizona, USA