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Synchysite-(Ce)

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Petersberg Quarry, Petersberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
© 2008 Dominik Schläfli

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Formula:
Ca(Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
System:MonoclinicColour:Gray, gray-yellow, ...
Hardness:4½
Member of:Synchysite Group
Name:From the Greek σύγχΰσις "synchys" for "confounding" in allusion to its initially being mistaken for parisite, and the "-(Ce)" suffix due to the dominance of cerium in the composition.


Synchysite Group.

Ce analogue of Synchysite-(Y) and Synchysite-(Nd); Ca analogue of Huanghoite-(Ce).
F-dominant analogue of Unnamed (HBU UK-1).

Classification of Synchysite-(Ce)

IMA status:Approved 1982
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/C.07-110
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:5.BD.20c

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
Dana 8th edition ID:16a.1.3.1

16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:12.1.13

12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
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Type Occurrence of Synchysite-(Ce)

Type Locality:Narssârssuk pegmatite (Narsarsuk pegmatite), Narssârssuk (Narsarsuk), Igaliku (Igaliko), Narsaq, Kitaa Province (West Greenland), Greenland
Geological Setting of type material:Pegmatitic segregations in syenite.
Associated Minerals at type locality:
RhodochrositeNeptuniteMicroclineFluoriteEpididymite
ElpiditeCordylite-(Ce)CatapleiiteAstrophylliteAlbite
Aegirine

Occurrences of Synchysite-(Ce)

Geological Setting:Hydrothermal accessory mineral in granites and alkalic syenites.

Physical Properties of Synchysite-(Ce)

Lustre:Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent, Opaque
Colour:Gray, gray-yellow, orange-yellow, brown, beige, light green, white
Hardness (Mohs):4½
Tenacity:Brittle
Fracture:Splintery, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.9 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.88 g/cm3

Crystallography of Synchysite-(Ce)

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/b {B1 1 2/b} {C2/c} {C1 2/c 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 12.329(2) Å, b = 7.11Å, c = 18.741(2) Å
β = 102.68(1)°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.734 : 1 : 2.636
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,602.75 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:12
Morphology:Acute pyramidal; spindle-shaped.
Also thin or thick tabular.
Twinning:On {0001}
Comment:Strongly pseudohexagonal. Commonly observed subcell is primitive-hexagonal, a ~4.10, c ~18.2 A.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
9.1 (60)
4.53 (50)
3.55 (100)
3.32 (40)
2.80 (100)
2.06 (50)
1.934 (50)

Optical Data of Synchysite-(Ce)

Type:Uniaxial (+)
RI values: nω = 1.674 nε = 1.770
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.096

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Pleochroism:Weak

Chemical Properties of Synchysite-(Ce)

Formula:
Ca(Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
Essential elements:C, Ca, Ce, F, O
All elements listed in formula:C, Ca, Ce, F, La, O

Relationship of Synchysite-(Ce) to other Species

Member of:Synchysite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Huanghoite-(Ce)
BaCe(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
Synchysite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Y,Gd)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
Synchysite-(Y)
Ca(Y,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
5.BD.05Cordylite-(Ce)
NaBaCe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
5.BD.05Lukechangite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
Ce
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
5.BD.10Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
5.BD.10Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
5.BD.10Kukharenkoite-(La)
Ba
 
2
(La,Ce,Th)(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
5.BD.15Cebaite-(Ce)
Ba
 
3
Ce
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
F
 
2
5.BD.15Cebaite-(Nd)
Ba
 
3
(Nd,Ce)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
F
 
2
5.BD.18Arisite-(Ce)
NaCe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3-x
F
 
2x+1
5.BD.18Arisite-(La)
NaLa
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3-x
F
 
2x+1
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)F
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(La)
(La,Ce)(CO
 
3
)F
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(Y)
(Y,Ce)(CO
 
3
)F
5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)(OH,F)
5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)(OH,F)
5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
(La,Nd,Ce)(CO
 
3
)(OH,F)
5.BD.20bParisite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
 
2
5.BD.20bParisite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Ce,La)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
 
2
5.BD.20dRöntgenite-(Ce)
Ca
 
2
(Ce,La)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
F
 
3
5.BD.20cSynchysite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Y,Gd)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
5.BD.20cSynchysite-(Y)
Ca(Y,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
5.BD.20aThorbastnäsite
Th(Ca,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(Nd)
Nd(CO
 
3
)F
5.BD.25Horváthite-(Y)
NaY(CO
 
3
)F
 
2
5.BD.25Qaqarssukite-(Ce)
Ba(Ce,REE)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
5.BD.35Huanghoite-(Ce)
BaCe(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
12.1.1Northupite
Na
 
3
Mg(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Cl
12.1.2Barentsite
Na
 
7
Al(HCO
 
3
)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
 
4
12.1.3Rouvilleite
Na
 
3
(Ca,Mn,Fe)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
12.1.4Chlormagaluminite
Mg
 
4
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
12
Cl
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
12.1.5Defernite
Ca
 
6
(CO
 
3
)
 
2-x
(SiO
 
4
)
 
x
(OH)
 
7
(Cl,OH)
 
1-2x
 (x=0.5)
12.1.6Brenkite
Ca
 
2
(CO
 
3
)F
 
2
12.1.7Stenonite
(Sr,Ba,Na)
 
2
Al(CO
 
3
)F
 
5
12.1.8Bastnäsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)F
12.1.9Bastnäsite-(La)
(La,Ce)(CO
 
3
)F
12.1.10Bastnäsite-(Y)
(Y,Ce)(CO
 
3
)F
12.1.11Parisite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
 
2
12.1.12Parisite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Ce,La)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
 
2
12.1.14Synchysite-(Y)
Ca(Y,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
12.1.15Synchysite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Y,Gd)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
12.1.16Röntgenite-(Ce)
Ca
 
2
(Ce,La)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
F
 
3
12.1.17Cordylite-(Ce)
NaBaCe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
12.1.19Huanghoite-(Ce)
BaCe(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
12.1.20Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
12.1.21Cebaite-(Ce)
Ba
 
3
Ce
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
F
 
2
12.1.22Thorbastnäsite
Th(Ca,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
12.1.23Phosgenite
Pb
 
2
CO
 
3
Cl
 
2
12.1.24Barstowite
Pb
 
4
Cl
 
6
(CO
 
3
) · H
 
2
O
12.1.25Albrechtschraufite
Ca
 
4
Mg(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
6
F
 
2
 · 17H
 
2
O
12.1.26Kettnerite
CaBiCO
 
3
OF

Other Names for Synchysite-(Ce)

Synonyms:
IMA1982-030Synchisite-(Ce)
Other Languages:
German:Synchisit-(Ce)
Simplified Chinese:氟碳钙铈矿

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Synchysite-(Ce)

Reference List:

- +
Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. Upsala (1900), 5, p. 81.

Yunxiang, Ni, John M. Hughes, and Anthony N. Mariano (1993) The atomic arrangement of bastnäsite-(Ce), Ce(CO3)F, and structural elements of synchysite-(Ce), röntgenite-(Ce), and parisite-(Ce). American Mineralogist: 78: 415-418.

Canadian Mineralogist (1994): 32: 865-871.

American Mineralogist (1995): 80: 1077.

Internet Links for Synchysite-(Ce)

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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    • Localities for Synchysite-(Ce)

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Angola
     
    • Namibe Province
      • Tombwa City Council
    		L. Torró, C. Villanova, M. Castillo, M. Campeny, A. O. Gonçalves and J. C. Melgarejo (2012): Niobium and rare earth minerals from the Virulundo carbonatite, Namibe, Angola. Mineral. Mag. 76, 393-409.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		Birch, W. D. & Pring, A. (1987): A note on synchysite-(Ce) from Broken Hill, New South Wales. Australian Mineral. 2 (2), 13-15; Birch BH Book
    • South Australia
      • Andamooka Ranges - Lake Torrens area
        • Roxby Downs
    		Lottermoser B. G. (1995). Neues.Jb. Miner. Mh.1995, 8, 371-384
      • Olary Province
        • Yunta
    		 Brugger, J., Ogierman, J., Pring, A., Waldron, H., Kolitsch, U. (2006): Origin of the secondary REE-minerals at the Paratoo copper deposit near Yunta, South Australia. Mineralogical Magazine, 70, 609-627.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Gurktaler Alpen
        • St Veit an der Glan
          • Äußere Wimitz
    		G. Blass, A. Pichler: Carinthia II 191./111.: 43-55 (2001)
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Ankogel group
          • Kleinelend valley
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
        • Goldberg group
          • Tauern valley
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Millstatt lake ridge
        • Fresach
          • Laas
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
        • Maissau
          • Limberg
            • Gänsgraben
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Gastein valley
          • Naßfeld valley
            • Sportgastein
    		Franz Bernhard (EDS-analyses of several synchysite samples)
        • Obersulzbach valley
          • Hopffeld area
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Natural History Museum Vienna collection
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
          • Seidlwinkl valley
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Lungau
        • Murwinkel
          • Rotgülden
            • Haderlingspitze
    		Walter, F. (2010): 1647) Monazit-(Ce), Synchisit-(Ce), Vanadinit, Wulfenit und Xenotim-(Y) vom Haderlingspitz, Muritzenkar, Lungau, Salzburg. P. 234-235 in Niedermayr et al. (2010): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LIX. Carinthia II, 200./120., 199-260.
    • Styria
      • Koralpe
        • Deutschlandsberg
          • Leibenfeld
    		Postl, W. et al. (2007)
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Zillertal
          • Zamser Grund (Zams valley)
            • Schrammacher
    		Folie, K., Rocchetti, I. (1999): Novità Mineralogiche del Passo di Vizze. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1999, 222-230.
    R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Canada
     
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
        • Blachford Lake alkaline complex
    		SHEARD, E.R., WILLIAMS-JONES, A.E., HEILIGMANN, M., PEDERSON, C. AND TRUEMAN, D.L. (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 107(1), 81-104.
    Sheard, E.R. (2010); SHEARD, E.R., WILLIAMS-JONES, A.E., HEILIGMANN, M., PEDERSON, C. AND TRUEMAN, D.L. (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 107(1), 81-104.
    • Nova Scotia
      • Yarmouth Co.
        • Argyle
          • East Kemptville
    		Horváth collection - XRD analysis
    • Ontario
      • Sudbury District
        • Maclennan Township
    		Can. Min. 45, 1415
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		Platt & Wooley (1990)
    Mitchell (1991)
    • Québec
      • Laurentides
        • Deux-Montagnes RCM
          • Oka
    		Gold (1969); Gaston Pouliot (1970) Study of carbonatitic calcites from Oka, Quebec. Can Mineral 10:511-540
      • Montérégie
        • Lajemmerais RCM
          • Varennes & St-Amable
            • Saint-Amable sill
    		Horváth, L., Pfenninger-Horváth, E., Gault, R. A., & Tarassoff, P. (1998): Mineralogy of the Saint-Amable Sill, Varennes and Saint-Amable, Québec. Mineralogical Record, 29: 83-118.
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Cheang, K.K. (1977), Structure and polytypism of synchisite and parisite from Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec. M. Sc. Thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
      • Montréal
    		TARASSOFF, P., HORVÁTH, L. and PFENNINGER-HORVÁTH, E. (2006) Famous mineral localities: the Francon quarry, Montréal, Québec. Mineralogical Record, 37, 5-60.
      • Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean
        • Le Fjord-du-Saguenay RCM
          • Saint-Honoré
    		Fournier, A. (1993)
    FOURNIER, A. (1993) Magmat!c and hydrothermal controls of LREE mineralization of the St.-Honoré carbonatite, Québec. M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. 95p.
    China
     
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture)
        • Bayan Obo Mining District
          • Bayan Obo
    		Qingchang Meng (1981): Geology and Prospecting 17(3), 10-17
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Longnan Co.
    		Yunhuai Lin and Shiyang Chen (1985): Geology and Prospecting 21(3), 23-31
        • Xunwu Co.
    		Yunhuai Lin (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(4), 22-28
    • Sichuan Province
      • Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Huili Co.
    		Yuanfu Xiao, Yan Sun, Zhiqiang Zhao, Gang Niu, Lin Zhang, and Congxuan Kang (2010): Geology in China 37(2), 463-469
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
      • Liberec Region
    		Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Prostějov area
    		Škoda R., Čopjakova R. 2006: Authigenic REE mineralsfrom greywackes of the Drahany Uplands, Czech Republic and their significance for diagenetic processes. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 28, 208-210
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Kivu
    		Nasraoui, M., Toulkeridis, T., Clauer, N., & Bilal, E. (2000). Differentiated hydrothermal and meteoric alterations of the Lueshe carbonatite complex (Democratic Republic of Congo) identified by a REE study combined with a sequential acid-leaching experiment. Chemical Geology, 165(1), 109-132.
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Luzenac
    		[Le Cahier des Micromonteurs 1990, 4, p.3,8-12]
      • Tarn
        • Alban - Le Fraysse area
          • Bennac
    		Castro, A. and Rémy, P. (2011): Découverte d'une fente alpine dans le Tarn. Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 114(4), 10-20. (in French)
        • Réalmont
          • Montredon-Labessonnié
    		Bernadi G. (2004), Quelques nouvelles de Peyrebrune (Tarn), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°86, pp 13-18
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Hautes-Alpes
        • Villar d'Arène
    		Designolle J-L. (1997), L'Alpe du Villar d'Arène (Hautes-Alpes), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°2, pp: 23-30
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Savoie
        • La Lauzière massif
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R.. (2000). La Lauzière : les espèces minérales, Savoie, France. Le Règne Minéral hors-série n°6, pp. 24-39. Editions du Piat.
        • Tarentaise valley
          • Bourg-St Maurice
            • Les Arcs
              • Peisey-Nancroix
    		De Ascencão Guedes R., Guichon F. & Meisser N. (2004). La synchisite-(Ce) de la Grande-Glière, Peisey-Nancroix (Savoie). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°86, p 27
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Alpirsbach
          • Reinerzau District
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Gengenbach
          • Haigerach valley
    		Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald
        • Haslach
          • Steinach
    		[Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald]
    K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Burgfelsen
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Todtnau
    		Lapis 21(12), 44 (1996)
        • Waldshut
          • Detzeln
    		Hess, E., Graeser, S. & Gabriel, W. (2011): Das Porphyrwerk Detzeln im Steinatal und seine Mineralien. Lapis 36 (4), 25-35; 54.
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German); KOLITSCH, U., GRAF, H. W. & BLAß, G. (1997): Untersuchungen über die Seltenerden-Carbonate Bastnäsit und Synchisit von der Grube Clara im Schwarzwald: Nachweis von Bastnäsit-(Ce), Bastnäsit-(Nd), Bastnäsit-(La) und Synchisit-(Ce). - Aufschluss 48, 367-79.
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Fichtelgebirge
          • Marktredwitz
            • Dechantsees
    		Meier, S. (1985): Synchisit aus dem Steinbruch bei Dechantsees/Fichtelgebirge. Lapis, 10 (11), 38-39; Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Haldensleben
        • Flechtinger Höhen
          • Flechtingen
    		Witzke, T. & Jacob, G. (1995): Nachweis von Synchysit-(Ce) und Gladit in Vulkaniten der Flechtingen-Roßlauer Scholle. Zeitschrift für Geologische Wissenschaften 23, 443-448.
      • Halle
        • Petersberg
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001; Hajek, W. & Gröbner, J. (2007): Allanit, Anatas und Brookit vom Petersberg bei Halle. Lapis 32 (6), 53-57; Jahn, S. (2007): Der Petersberg bei Halle a. d. Saale. Mineralien-Welt 18(6), 16-41.
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Freiberg District
    		Canadian Mineralogist: 38: 67-80.
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa Province (West Greenland)
      • Narsaq
        • Igaliku (Igaliko)
          • Narssârssuk (Narsarsuk)
    		Petersen, O. V & Johnsen, O. (2005): Minerals first described from Greenland. Canadian Mineralogist, Special Publication. 8, 184p; American Mineralogist (1953): 38: 932; Lapis (2001): 3: 8.
    Soerensen, H. (2001): The Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland: status of mineralogical research with new results, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 190, GEUS
    Hungary
     
    • Baranya Co.
      • Mecsek Mts.
        • Komló
    		Szakáll, S., Nagy, G. és Sajó, I. (2003): Synchysite-(Ce) from the Komló coal deposit, Mecsek Mts., South Hungary. Acta Mineral.-Petrogr., Abstr. Ser. 1, p. 100.
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Courmayeur
        • Les Grandes Jorasses Massif
          • Ferret Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): MInerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Monte Bianco Massif (Mont Blanc Massif)
          • Veny Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
    		[MinRec 32:360]
            • Reppia
    		Camarda, S. (2006): Sinchisite-(Ce) "micro-estetica" della miniera di Gambatesa. Prie, 2, 37-38.
    • Lombardy
      • Varese Province
        • Ceresio Valley
          • Cuasso al Monte
    		Collection of Barry Murphy, Micromount specimen catalogue number 00876
    Domenico Preite collection
    • Piedmont
      • Biella Province
        • Curino
    		Martini, B., Salvetti, A., Della Fontana, G., Boscardin, M., Ciriotti, M.E., Ambrino, P. (2010): Primo ritrovamento nel Biellese di synchysite-(Ce). Micro (UK report) 1/2010, 145-149
      • Cuneo Province
        • Bagnolo Piemonte
          • Ortieul
    		Piccoli, G. C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., & Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo F. Eusebio - Alba, 607 pag.
        • Gesso Valley
          • Entracque
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Stura Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
          • Vinadio
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Torino Province
        • Luserna San Giovanni
    		- Finello, G., Ambrino, P., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Blaß, G., Bracco, R. (2007): I minerali della “Pietra di Luserna”, Piemonte, Italia nord-occidentale. I. Alcune cave di gneiss della Val Luserna. Micro (località), 2/2007, 181-226.; - Finello, G., Ambrino, P., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Blaß, G., Bracco, R. (2007): I minerali della “Pietra di Luserna”, Piemonte, Italia nord-occidentale. I. Alcune cave di gneiss della Val Luserna. Micro (località), 2/2007, 181-226.
        • Susa Valley
          • Meana di Susa
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Mergozzo
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Ossola Valley
          • Baceno
            • Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)
    		Lapis, 20 (7/8), 41-64+76.
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
          • Beura-Cardezza
    		Huen, E., Gramaccioli, C.M. (1969): Sulla sinchisite di Beura (Ossola). Natura, LX, 3, 193-194.
          • Montecrestese
    		Giovanni Scapin collection
          • Villadossola
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2 157-170.
        • Stresa
    		Sergio Varvello collection
    • Sardinia
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Gonnosfanadiga
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 2°, 192 pp.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Bolzano Province (South Tyrol)
        • Vizze Valley (Pfitsch Valley)
    		collection Manuele Moro
          • San Giacomo
            • Vizze pass (Pfitsch pass)
    		Folie, K., P. Gentile, M. Hanke & I. Rocchetti (2010): Mineralien aus der Umgebung des Pfitscher Jochs in Südtirol (II). Mineralien-Welt 21 (4), 42-67.
    Folie, K., P. Gentile, M. Hanke & I. Rocchetti (2010): Mineralien aus der Umgebung des Pfitscher Jochs in Südtirol (II). Mineralien-Welt 21 (4), 42-67.
    Folie, K., P. Gentile, M. Hanke & I. Rocchetti (2010): Mineralien aus der Umgebung des Pfitscher Jochs in Südtirol (II). Mineralien-Welt 21 (4), 42-67.
    Buscaroli, C., Del Pozzo, C., e Tosato, F. (1994): La fergusonite della Wasserfallkopfe in Val di Vizze. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1994, 337-341
      • Trento Province
        • Valsugana
          • Roncegno
    		-Bortolozzi G., Blass G., Boscardin M., Rocchetti I. and Ferretti P. (2013): La Miniera di Cinquevalli (Valsugana, Trentino-Alto Adige): aggiornamento sulle specie accertate negli ultimi anni. Studi Trent. Sci. Nat., 93, pagg. 149-165.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Campo nell'Elba
            • San Piero in Campo
    		Orlandi, P., & Pezzotta, F. (1997). Minerali dell'Isola d'Elba. Edizioni Novecento Grafico, Bergamo, 249 pp.
      • Lucca Province
        • Apuan Alps
          • Minucciano
            • Gorfigliano
    		Orlandi P., Dini A., Gemignani E., Pierotti L., Quilici U., Romani U., 2002. Paragenesi alpine nelle Alpi Apuane: I minerali delle vene di quarzo della Valle dell'Acqua Bianca, Gorfigliano (LU) Riv. Mineral. It., 26, 4: 216-223
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza Province
        • Torrebelvicino
          • Contrada Trentini
    		-Atti della giornata di Studio – L’argento e le “terre bianche” del Tretto e della val Leogra – Comune di Schio, 2000. A cura di Pietro Frizzo.
    Japan
     
    • Kyushu Region
      • Fukuoka Prefecture
        • Tagawa-gun
          • Kawasaki
    		Kitamura & Uehara (2000) Koubutsu-Gakkai Kou'en-Youshi, 102.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    no reference
    Madagascar
     
    • Antsiranana Province
      • Diana Region (Northern Region)
        • Ambanja District
          • Ampasindava Peninsula
            • Betaimboay
              • Unnamed caldera
    		Wolfgang Hampel (2011), fieldwork/studies
    Malawi
     
    • Zomba District
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1216–1222, 2009
    Mongolia
     
    • Dornogovi Aimag
      • Hövsgöl
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Gobi Desert
    		N.V. Vladykin data
    Jindřich Kynický
    • Hovd Aimag (Khovd Aimag)
      • Altai Mts
    		G.M. Tsareva data; Econ Geol (1995) 90:530-547
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Morocco
     
    • Meknès-Tafilalet Region
      • Khénifra Province
        • High Atlas Mtn
          • Tamazeght complex
    		Khadem Allah, B. (1993)
    Norway
     
    • Akershus
      • Asker
    		Raade, G. (1969): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway, No 40. Cavity minerals from the permian biotite granite at Nedre Eiker Church. Norsk Geologisk Tidskrift 49, 227-239
    • Buskerud
      • Nedre Eiker
        • Nedre Eiker Church
    		Raade, G. (1969): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway, No 40. Cavity minerals from the permian biotite granite at Nedre Eiker Church. Norsk Geologisk Tidskrift 49, 227-239 + Neumann (1985, p. 100).
    Nordrum, F.S. (2001): Noen funn av mineraler i Norge 2000-2001. STEIN 28 (2): 13- 19
    • Nordland
      • Tysfjord
    		Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28.
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
        • Nordmarka
    		L. O. Kvamsdal (1998): Mineralene fra Nordmarkitt og Grefsensyenitt i Oslofeltet. AS Merkur-Trykk, Oslo.
        • Øståsen
          • Surka
    		L. O. Kvamsdal (1998): Mineralene fra Nordmarkitt og Grefsensyenitt i Oslofeltet. AS Merkur-Trykk, Oslo(in Norwegian).
    Werner, R. (1993): Om synchysitt i Norge. STEIN 20 (4),221-226
    • Sogn og Fjordane
      • Gaular
    		Samuelsen, H. (1993): Sogn 1992. Stein, 20 (1), 2 + 64-67
      • Nordfjord
    		Werner, Ronald (1993): Om synchisitt i Norge. STEIN 20 (4), 221-226
    • Svalbard
      • Spitsbergen
        • Hornsund fjord
    		 Pršek, J., Majka, J., Uher, P. & Chudík, P. (2010): Niobium-tantalum minerals in the Skoddefjellet NYF granitic pegmatite, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway: Primary versus secondary assemblage. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 187, 235-248
    • Telemark
      • Nome
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 100.
    • Vestfold
      • Holmestrand
    		Larsen, A. O. (1994): Drusemineraler fra Solumsåsen pukkverk, Holmestrand. STEIN 21 (2), 136-141
      • Horten
    		Knut Edvard Larsen MM-collection (#743), collected in febr.1987
      • Sande
    		Hermann Fylling
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
    		Mineralogia Polonica Vol. 29, (2), 3-11
        • Świdnica District
    		JANECZEK J., SZEŁĘG E., 1998: Bastnäsite-(Ce) and synchysite-(Ce) from pegmatite and hydrothermally altered granite of the Strzegom-Sobótka Massif. Miner. Polon., 29 (2), 3-11.
    Körber, T. & Szuszkiewicz, A. (2005): Fundstellen-Klassiker: Der Striegauer Granit und seine Mineralien - Mineralien-Welt 16 (3): 16-45
    Romania
     
    • Harghita Co.
      • Ditrău (Ditró)
    		Szakáll, S. & Kristály, F., Eds. (2010): Mineralogy of Székelyland, Eastern Transylvania, Romania. Csík County Nature and Conservation Society, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania, 321 pp.
    Russia
     
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Khabarovskiy Kray
        • Aldan province
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
            • Kukisvumchorr Mt
    		Lapis 28(12), 46-47 (2003)
    Pekov, I. et al (2003): New Data on Minerals: 38: 20-33.
    P.M. Kartashov data
    • Southern Siberia
      • Sayan Mts
        • Eastern Sayan
    		Savel'eva V.B. Karmanov N.S. (2008) Rare earth's minerals of alkaline metasomatites of Main Sayan Fault zone, - Zapiski RMO, N2, pp.14-35 (in Rus.).; Savel’eva, V.B., and Karmanov, N.S. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 681-696.
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Prepolar Ural
        • Tyumenskaya Oblast'
          • Khanty-Mansi (Khanty Mansiysk) Okrug
            • Saranpaul
    		[MinRec 30:465]
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Rimavská Sobota Co.
        • Tisovec
    		Ondrejka M., Uher P., Pršek J., Ozdín D., Putiš M., 2005: Arsenian monazite-Ce and REE arsenates and carbonates: Composition and substitution in the REEPO4 – REEAsO4 system. Example from Tisovec – Rejkovo thyolite (Western Carpathians, Slovakia). Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol.7, 04857.
    • Košice Region
      • Rožňava Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Trenčín Region
      • Považská Bystrica Co.
    		Uher, P., Ondrejka, M.: Britolit-(Y): neskoromagmatický akcesorický minerál Y-REE z granitu A-typu v Stupnom při Považskej Bystrici, Pieninské bradlové pásmo (severozápadné Slovensko). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2008, vol. 16, 2, 224-229.
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
    		VERWOERD, W.J. (1993) Update on carbonatites of South Africa and Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 96(3), 75-95.
      • Mokopane District (Potgietersrus)
        • Zaaiplaats tin field
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 258, 288.
      • Thabazimbi
        • Glenover carbonatite
    		Minerals of South Africa
    South Korea
     
    • Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto)
      • Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)
        • Joongwon-gun
          • Mt. Eorae
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Adra
    		Christian Rewitzer collection 2007 / Mineralup magazine; J. Gröbner & U. Kolitsch (SEM-EDS, SXRD & PXRD)
    • Galicia
      • Pontevedra
        • Porriño
    		Calvo, M., Viñals, J. and Vila, F. (2009) Mineralogy of the pegmatites and miarolitic cavities in the granitic batholit of Porriño, Pontevedra, galicia, Spain. Mineral Up, (2009-1), 6-23
    Sweden
     
    • Södermanland
      • Nynäshamn
    		No reference listed
    • Västmanland
      • Köping
    		No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Aargau
      • Leuggern
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
    • Bern
      • Hasli Valley
        • Grimsel area
          • Oberaar power station
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 393.
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Lugnez Valley (Lumnezia Valley)
        • Vrin
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
      • Medel Valley
        • Cristallina Valley
          • Casatscha Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
      • Vorderrhein Valley
        • Tujetsch (Tavetsch)
    		Collection Joachim Esche
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Leventina
        • Bedretto Valley
          • Ronco
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 393.
        • Chiggiogna
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
      • Lugano lake
        • Carona
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
      • Riviera
        • Lodrino
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Binn Valley
        • Chummibort
    		Cuchet, S., van der Burgt, A. und Meisser, N. (2005): Chummibort, eine neue Fundstelle für Arsenmineralien im Binntal. Schweizer Strahler, Nr. 2, 19-29. (in German/French)
        • Kriegalp Valley (Chriegalp Valley)
    		van der Burgt, A. & Cuchet, S. (2005): Neu: Gadolinit, Aeschynit und Synchisit vom Fleschsee, Binntal (Schweiz). Lapis 30 (4), 19-27, 50. (in German)
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
      • Brig
        • Mörel
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 393.
      • Goms
        • Fiesch
          • Burg - Fiesch Glacier area
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 393.
        • Oberwald
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
        • Ulrichen
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
      • Le Trient Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 393.
        • Van d'en Haut
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 393.
      • Les Bagnes Valley
        • Entremont Valley
          • Ferret Valley
            • La Fouly
    		Cuchet, S., Schnyder, C. & Meisser, N. (2003): Les minéraux de L'A Neuve. Schweizer Strahler / Le Cristallier Suisse, Nr. 3, 28-37.; Cuchet, S., Schnyder, C. & Meisser, N. (2003): Les minéraux de L'A Neuve. Schweizer Strahler / Le Cristallier Suisse, Nr. 3, 28-37.
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 393.
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
      • Raron
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 393.
      • Visp
        • Baltschieder Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 393.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cumbria
        • South Eastern Region (Westmorland)
          • Eastern Fells
            • Shap
    		M.Wirth collection, D.Green identification (Manchester Univ.)
      • Devon
        • Tavistock District
          • Peter Tavy
            • Devon United Mines
    		UKJMM Vol.29 p.49-52
    • Wales
      • Gwynedd (Merionethshire)
        • Blaenau Ffestiniog
    No reference listed
          • Tanygrisiau
    [UKJMM 16:30-33]
      • Powys (Radnorshire)
        • Old Radnor
          • Wethel
    		Cotterell TF et al (2011) The mineralogy of Dolyhir quarry, Old Radnor. Powys, Wales. UKJMM 32:5-61
    Ukraine
     
    • Zhytomyr Oblast' (Zhitomir Oblast')
    		Lyckberg, P., Chornousenko, V. & Wilson, W. E. (2009): Volodarsk-Volynski, Zhitomir Oblast, Ukraine. Mineralogical Record, 40, 473-506.
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Hot Spring Co.
        • Magnet Cove
    		R&M 67:6 p402-404
    • Colorado
      • Fremont Co.
        • Iron Mountain complex
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Gunnison Co.
        • White Earth District (Powderhorn District)
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 17, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
    • Massachusetts
      • Norfolk Co.
    		Smith, W. L.; Stone, J.; Ross, D. R.; Levine, H. (1960), Doverite, a Possible New Yttrium Fluocarbonate from Dover, Morris County, New Jersey. (American Mineralogist 45:92-98.)
    • Michigan
      • Marquette Co.
        • Republic
    		Buchholz, T.W., Falster, A.U. and Simmons, W.B. (2013) Accessory mineralogy of the Black River pegmatite and Humboldt granite, Marquette County, Michigan. The 40th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, Contributed Papers in Specimen Mineralogy, 9-10.
      • Ontonagon Co.
        • White Pine
    		Rocks & Min.: 58:112; 61:345.
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Wakefield
    		T Mortimer (mindatnh.org)
      • Hillsborough Co.
        • Nashua
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
            • Franklin Mine
    		Bearss, G. & Cianciulli, J.: The Picking Table:41(2):17-18 (2000); Analysis by Andy Roberts.
    • New York
      • St. Lawrence Co.
        • Pierrepont
    		Steven C. Chamberlain & George W. Robinson (2013) Collector's Guide to the Minerals of New York State. Schiffer Books.
    Steve Chamberlain et al (2009) "Minerals of the Phosphate vein, Bower Powers Farm, Pierrepont, St. Lawrence Co., NY." The 36th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, April 23-26, programme abstracts, 13-15.
    Steven C. Chamberlain and David G. Bailey (2012) Rare earth minerals in fracture mineralization in northern New York. Mineral News, 28, #7, 1-5.
        • Rossie
    		Steven C. Chamberlain and David G. Bailey (2012) Rare earth minerals in fracture mineralization in northern New York. Mineral News, 28, #7, 1-5.
    [MinRec 32:273]
    • Virginia
      • Augusta Co.
    		http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/baedke/dept/abs2002.pdf.; Raiter, E. et al (2002) 29th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, Abstracts of contributed papers, 15.; Rocks & Minerals 84:352-362.
    • Washington
      • Okanogan Co.
        • Golden Horn Batholith
    		Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8
    Vietnam
     
    • Lai Chau Province
      • Phong Tho District
        • Mt Fansipan
    		Collection of NHM, Vienna
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