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Synchysite-(Y)

Big Photo

Power station, Sportgastein, Naßfeld valley, Gastein valley, Hohe Tauern Mts, Salzburg, Austria
© AL

Show Synchysite-(Y) Photos (21)
Formula:
Ca(Y,Ce)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
System:HexagonalColour:White, reddish brown, ...
Hardness:6 - 6½
Name:From the Greek σύγχΰσις "synchys" for "confounding" in allusion to its initially being mistaken for parisite, and the "-(Y)" suffix due to the dominance of yttrium in the composition.


Synchysite Group. Y analogue of Synchysite-(Ce) and Synchysite-(Nd).

Classification of Synchysite-(Y)

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/C.07-100
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:5.BD.20c

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
Dana 8th edition ID:16a.1.3.2

16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:12.1.14

12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
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Type Occurrence of Synchysite-(Y)

Type Locality:Scrub Oak Mine (Replogle Mine), Mine Hill Borough, Morris Co., New Jersey, USA

Physical Properties of Synchysite-(Y)

Lustre:Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:White, reddish brown, greyish yellow, dull yellow; colourless to light yellow in transmitted light
Streak:Light brown
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 6½
Tenacity:Brittle
Parting:On {0001} ?
Fracture:Splintery, Sub-Conchoidal

Crystallography of Synchysite-(Y)

Crystal System:Hexagonal
Class (H-M):6 m2 - Ditrigonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:P6c2
Cell Parameters:a = 7.091Å, c = 18.2Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 2.567
Unit Cell Volume:V 792.53 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals acute rhombohedral with small {0001}, or thick tabular {0001} and hemimorphic (ditrigonal-pyramidal). {0001} smooth and brilliant; lateral faces striated horizontally.
Twinning:On {0001} common also lamellar.

Optical Data of Synchysite-(Y)

Type:Biaxial
RI values: nα = 1.653 nγ = 1.730
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.077

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:relatively strong
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:Absorption E greater than O.

Chemical Properties of Synchysite-(Y)

Formula:
Ca(Y,Ce)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
Essential elements:C, Ca, F, O, Y
All elements listed in formula:C, Ca, Ce, F, O, Y

Relationship of Synchysite-(Y) to other Species

Member of Group:
Synchysite Group:
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
5.BD.Arisite-(Ce)
NaCe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
[(CO
 
3
)
 
1-x
F
 
2x
]F
5.BD.Arisite-(La)
NaLa
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
[(CO
 
3
)
 
1-x
F
 
2x
]F
5.BD.05Cordylite-(Ce)
(Na,Ca)BaCe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
5.BD.05Lukechangite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
Ce
 
2
[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
4
]
5.BD.10Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
5.BD.10Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
5.BD.10Kukharenkoite-(La)
Ba
 
2
(La,Ce,Th)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
5.BD.15Cebaite-(Ce)
Ba
 
3
Ce
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
5
]
5.BD.15Cebaite-(Nd)
Ba
 
3
(Nd,Ce)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
5
]
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)[F|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(La)
(La,Ce)[F|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(Y)
(Y,Ce)[F|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)[(OH,F)|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce,La)[(OH,F)|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
(La,Ce)[(OH,F)|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.20bParisite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
5.BD.20bParisite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Ce,La)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
5.BD.20dRöntgenite-(Ce)
Ca
 
2
(Ce,La)
 
3
[F
 
3
|(CO
 
3
)
 
5
]
5.BD.20cSynchysite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
5.BD.20cSynchysite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Y,Gd)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
5.BD.20aThorbastnäsite
Th(Ca,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce,La)[F|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.25Horváthite-(Y)
NaY[F
 
2
|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.25Qaqarssukite-(Ce)
Ba(Ce,REE) (CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
5.BD.35Huanghoite-(Ce)
BaCe[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
12.1.1Northupite
Na
 
3
Mg(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Cl
12.1.2Barentsite
Na
 
7
AlH
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
 
4
12.1.3Rouvilleite
Na
 
3
(Ca,Mn,Fe)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
12.1.4Chlormagaluminite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|(Cl
 
2
,CO
 
3
)] · 2H
 
2
O
12.1.5Defernite
Ca
 
6
(CO
 
3
)
 
2-x
(SiO
 
4
)
 
x
(OH)
 
7
(Cl,OH)
 
1-2x
 (x=0.5)
12.1.6Brenkite
Ca
 
2
[F
 
2
|CO
 
3
]
12.1.7Stenonite
(Sr,Ba,Na)
 
2
AlCO
 
3
F
 
5
12.1.8Bastnäsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)[F|CO
 
3
]
12.1.9Bastnäsite-(La)
(La,Ce)[F|CO
 
3
]
12.1.10Bastnäsite-(Y)
(Y,Ce)[F|CO
 
3
]
12.1.11Parisite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
12.1.12Parisite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Ce,La)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
12.1.13Synchysite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
12.1.15Synchysite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Y,Gd)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
12.1.16Röntgenite-(Ce)
Ca
 
2
(Ce,La)
 
3
[F
 
3
|(CO
 
3
)
 
5
]
12.1.17Cordylite-(Ce)
(Na,Ca)BaCe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
12.1.19Huanghoite-(Ce)
BaCe[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
12.1.20Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
12.1.21Cebaite-(Ce)
Ba
 
3
Ce
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
5
]
12.1.22Thorbastnäsite
Th(Ca,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
12.1.23Phosgenite
Pb
 
2
[Cl
 
2
|CO
 
3
]
12.1.24Barstowite
Pb
 
4
[Cl
 
6
|CO
 
3
] · H
 
2
O
12.1.25Albrechtschraufite
Ca
 
4
Mg(UO
 
2
)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
6
] · 17 H
 
2
O
12.1.26Kettnerite
(BiO)Ca[F|CO
 
3
]

Other Names for Synchysite-(Y)

Synonyms:
DoveriteSynchisite-(Y)
Other Languages:
German:Doverit
Synchisit-(Y)

Other Information

Other Information:Rather easily soluble in acids.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Synchysite-(Y)

Reference List:Nordenskiöld (1894) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 16: 338 (as Parisite).

Flink (1901) University of Upsala, Geological Institution, Bulletin: 5: 81 (Synchisite).

Flink (1901) Meddelelser om Grønland: 24: 29.

Bøggild (1907) Meddelelser om Grønland: 33: 99.

Palache, C. and Warren (1911) American Journal of Science: 31: 533.

Quereigh (1912) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Rend.: 21: 581.

Oftedal (1931) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 79: 437.

Parker, et al (1939) Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Frauenfeld: 19: 293.

Söhnge (1944) Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa: 47: 176.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 287-289 (as Synchisite).

American Mineralogist (1960): 45: 92-98.

Canadian Mineralogist (1994): 32: 865.

Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica: 14: 336-344.

Internet Links for Synchysite-(Y)

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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  • Synchysite-(Y) details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Synchysite-(Y)

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Angola
     
    • Huambo Province
      • Bailundo City Council
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
      • Ekunda City Council
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
      • Longonjo City Council
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    • Huíla Province
      • Lubango City Council
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    • Namibe Province
      • Tombwa City Council
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Gastein valley
          • Böckstein
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
          • Naßfeld valley
            • Sportgastein
    		SCHEBESTA, K. (2007): Mineralfunde auf den Deponien des Kraftwerkbaues im hinteren Gasteinertal (Sportgastein). Mineralog. Arch. Salzb. 12: 257-258.
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Brazil
     
    • North Region
      • Pará
        • Carajás mineral province
          • Canaã dos Carajás
    		Grainger, C.J., Groves, D.I., Tallarico, F.H.B., and Fletcher, I.R. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 451-489.
    • Southeast Region
      • São Paulo
        • Itapirapuã
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Papineau Co.
        • Portland Township
          • St-Pierre-de-Wakefield
    		Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 12, pp. 298-298 (1974)
    China
     
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Dayu Co.
    		Rucheng Wang, Fontan, F., Xiaoming Chen, Huan Hu, Changshi Liu, Shijin Xu, and de Parseval, P. (2003): Canadian Mineralogist 41, 727-748.
        • Longnan Co.
    		Zhiwei Bao and Zhenhua Zhao (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 519-535.
        • Xunwu Co.
    		Zhiwei Bao and Zhenhua Zhao (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 519-535.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Liberec Region
    		Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172.
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Freiburg im Breisgau
          • Schauinsland Mt.
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Bad Grund
            • Wiemannsbucht
    		No reference listed
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Varese Province
        • Ceresio Valley
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
          • Kawamata
            • Iizaka (Iisaka) Village
    		Kato, A. (1973) Sakurai Koubutsu Hyohon, 38. (Sakurai collection)
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    no reference
    Malawi
     
    • Balaka District
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Mali
     
    • Kidal Region
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Mongolia
     
    • Hovd Aimag (Khovd Aimag)
      • Altai Mts
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Namibia
     
    • Karas Region
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Norway
     
    • Nordland
      • Tysfjord
    		XRD,EDS ref. Knut Eldjarn
    Collection of Tomas Husdal
    • Telemark
      • Drangedal
        • Tørdal
    		Kristiansen, R. (1998): Høydalen Litium-pegmatitt-Tørdal i Telemark. STEIN 25 (4), 21-30
    South Korea
     
    • Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto)
      • Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)
        • Joongwon-gun
          • Mt. Eorae
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Vorderrhein Valley
        • Tujetsch (Tavetsch)
          • Nalps Valley
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 288.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
    Ukraine
     
    • Zhytomyr Oblast' (Zhitomir Oblast')
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    USA
     
    • Colorado
      • Fremont Co.
        • Cotopaxi District
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", pp. 14-15, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
      • Jefferson Co.
        • South Platte Pegmatite District
    		Rare-Earth Pegmatites of the South Platte District, Colorado CGS Res Ser 11
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Rare-Earth Pegmatites of the South Platte District, Colorado CGS Res Ser 11
    Rare-Earth Pegmatites of the South Platte District, Colorado CGS Res Ser 11
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Rare-Earth Pegmatites of the South Platte District, Colorado CGS Res Ser 11
      • Teller Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Rare-Earth Pegmatites of the South Platte District, Colorado CGS Res Ser 11
    • Idaho
      • Lemhi Co.
    		USGS PP1049-A(Staatz,1979)
    • Montana
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 288.
    • New Jersey
      • Morris Co.
        • Mine Hill Borough
    		Am. Min.: 51:152, Levinson (1966).
    • New York
      • St Lawrence Co.
        • Rossie
    		George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.; George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.
    • Texas
      • Llano Co.
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
    Mineral and/or Locality
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